CN1214959C - 液体储运容器和储运容器塑料内胆的制造方法 - Google Patents

液体储运容器和储运容器塑料内胆的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1214959C
CN1214959C CNB031249434A CN03124943A CN1214959C CN 1214959 C CN1214959 C CN 1214959C CN B031249434 A CNB031249434 A CN B031249434A CN 03124943 A CN03124943 A CN 03124943A CN 1214959 C CN1214959 C CN 1214959C
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Abstract

一种流体储运容器和储运容器塑料内胆的制造方法。塑料内胆(2)的本体(22)中加有含导电碳黑成分的高密度聚乙烯导电条带(24)，在内胆(2)的内表面与外表面之间形成电气连接，其厚度相当于内胆(2)的壁厚。支承内胆(2)的底架(16)的支脚(29、30)和底框(31)用金属或一种导电塑料制成，使储运容器(1)能通过导电带条(24)和多层塑料内胆(2)的持久抗静电外层(21)、外套(13)和底架(16)实现电气接地。

Description

液体储运容器和储运容器塑料内胆的制造方法
                                   技术领域
本发明涉及到液体储运容器，它具有一个托盘式的底架，该底架由金属或导电塑料制成。底架上安装由塑料制成的内胆，它具有四个侧壁，一个上底和一个下底，该上底带有可关闭的注液口，该下底带有装有取液阀的排液口或上底带有可关闭的排放口，以及一个围着内胆的外套，该外套的栅条由金属或钢板制成。
                                   背景技术
在DE 196 05 890A1中介绍的这类储运容器的塑料内胆具有一层永久抗静电外层，它与金属底架一起用作电气接地，为了避免运输时由于内胆与金属外套磨擦而在塑料内胆上产生的放电。因此，必须用这种方法来避免金属容器和金属栅条之间产生的火花的放电，而这种放电在密封的空间中，极易点燃储运容器的易燃物质和易爆炸的气体蒸汽混合气。通过塑料容器永久抗静电外层的接地，可以排除部分电荷，但是在灌注和排空内胆以及在内胆中搅拌液体，例如为了混合目的因液体与容器内表面形成磨擦而在液体中产生的电荷却是无法排除的。
DE 197 31 518 A1介绍了一种液体储运容器，它通过套在塑料内胆上的、由薄金属丝制成的栅格罩，或一个装在内胆上的导电网或织物接地。和DE 196 05 890A1介绍的储运容器相似，这种外接地也只能排除在容器表面上出现的电荷。此外，液体容器通过栅格罩、网或织物来实现液体容器的接地，从技术上讲成本很高，因此相应提高了制造费用。
DE 198 15 082 A1中介绍的液体储运容器，其装在内胆排液口上的取液阀上装一个接地件，形状为一块弯曲的金属板或金属片，延伸通过取液阀的内孔的部分范围，并通过一个紧固螺钉和一根接地电缆与容器的底架相接。这一内部接地，只能排除由于液体中形成摩擦而在液体中形成的电荷，除此之外，这种液体容器的危险还在于，在储运腐蚀性液体时，接地件会受到这类液体的损害，而使得电气接地失败。
                                   发明内容
本发明的液体储运容器，它具有一个托盘式的底架，该底架由金属或导电塑料制成，底架上安装由塑料制成的内胆，该内胆具有四个侧壁，一个下底和一个上底，一个位于上底上的可开闭的流入接管和一个位于内胆下部的流出接管及取液阀，以及一个围绕着内胆的外套，外套由金属或钢板栅条制成，其特征在于：在所述内胆(2)的本体(22)中设置由导电塑料制成的导电条(23)，在内胆(2)的内表面(25)和外表面(26)之间形成电气连接。
本发明所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：内胆(2)的导电带(24)采用含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯制成。
一种制造本发明的液体储运容器的塑料内胆的制造方法，其特征在于：先通过对具有单层或多层结构的软管状绝缘基材进行挤压而构成预成型件，再在其四周分布导电条，然后在一个吹塑模具中，将预成型件吹塑成内胆。
由导电材料制成、壁厚相当于内胆壁厚、埋入储运容器内胆壁或下底和上底中的带条，在具有持久抗静电外层的多层内胆的内表面和外表面之间形成电气连接，从而使得由液体摩擦在液体物品和内胆内表面上形成的电荷，以及在内胆表面上由于内胆与金属外套的相互摩擦形成的电荷，通过内胆壁中的导电带以及内胆上下底、内胆的持久抗静电外层和导电的、托盘式的底架，能排入地下。塑料导电带，其强度要小于储运容器内胆的基本塑料，可安装在通过挤压吹塑模具制成的内胆受力较小的范围中，例如装在吹塑模的分隔面内，使得在整体上不会影响内胆的强度性能。限用昂贵的抗静电塑料，例如含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯，对于形成导电带和用廉价塑料制成的持久抗电外层，如一种高密度聚乙烯制成的塑料内胆仅能起到小幅度降低造价的作用。塑料内胆的容器表面和容器内灌装的、需储运的液体都电气接地可以使用这种储运容器来作为易发生火灾的液体和乳化液这种危险品的运输容器，例如用来储运溶剂、颜料、闪点低于35℃的油漆，以及将容器作为形成气体\蒸汽或烟雾等用的工作室内使用的容器。
                                    附图说明
以下通过示图来进一步说明本发明的液体储运容器。
图1：一个储运容器的透视图；
图2：局部放大透视图，显示具有三层结构的储运容器塑料内胆的剖面结构；
图3：具有六层结构的内胆部分的放大剖面图。
                               具体实施方式
可作为一次性或反复使用的容器的液体储运容器1包括：一个可更换的立方体聚乙烯内胆2，该内胆2具有一前壁3，一后壁4和两个侧壁5、6和作为排放底的下底7，一个上底8，在该上底8上具有一个可通过旋盖10来打开和关闭的注液口9，；位于装有取液阀12的前壁3的下半部分的排液口11；由交叉设置的垂直的和水平的金属栅格条14、15组成的外套13，用于安放塑料内胆2并且具有钢板制底槽17的托盘式底架16，以及用于保护内胆2的两块金属盖板条18。
图2指明了通过挤压吹塑工艺制成的塑料内胆2的前壁3、后壁4、侧壁5、6以及上下底板7和8的具体结构，它们具有内层19、中间层20以及含有导电炭黑成分的持久抗静电外层21。需保证表面比电阻达到≤105Ω，体积比电阻达到≤103Ω。中间层20的厚度为1～2mm，最好为1.5mm。内层和外层19、21的厚度为0.1～0.5mm，最好为0.2mm。
中间层20可采用一种再生颗料或纯聚乙烯和/或含有导电炭黑成分的聚乙烯粉末制成，可使用新的聚乙烯颗粒作为内层和外层19、21的原料。
图3表明了塑料内胆2的一种6层结构，包括一层由纯高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制成的内层19，一层由尼龙(PA)或者乙烯基醋酸酯共聚物(EVA)构成的阻挡层32用以抵御氧和碳氢化合物的渗透，其中氧和碳氢化合物分布于两层低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)制成的附着层33、34之间，一层由纯高密度聚乙烯和/或含有导电炭黑成分的聚乙烯再生颗粒或粉末制成的中间层20以及由含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯制成的持久抗静电的外层21。在塑料内胆2的本体22中具有导电带24，形成导电带24的导电条23由含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯合成制成。它在内胆2的内表面25和外表面26之间形成电气连接。其厚度相当于内胆2的壁厚27。图1用浅色表明导电带24的走向，在侧壁3-6和/或这些壁之间的角落上保持垂直，在内胆2的下底7和上底8上形成倾斜。
内胆2的取液阀12和关闭注液口9的旋盖10可以由一种导电塑料制成，最好是采用含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯。
底架16的底盘17在角部支脚和中间支脚29，30以及支脚框架31上有一定自由度，使底盘17在容器1运输时，运输设备例如叉车的抓臂能向四侧移动，支脚29、30和支脚框架31或桶采用金属或一种导电塑料制成，如含有导电炭黑的聚乙烯，使储运容器1通过导电带24、塑料内胆2的持久抗静电外层21和外套13和底架16实现电气接地，于是内胆表面上与灌注的液体中以及在容器表面上出现的电荷，都能排入地中。
在制造储运容器1的塑料内胆2时，先要用绝缘的基材，特别是高密度聚乙烯制作出一个多层结构的软管预成型件，再在其四周分布导电条，该导电条是由含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯制成，，然后把导电条挤压到预成型件上，再将预成型件置于吹塑模中吹制成内胆。
制造上述液体储运容器的塑料内胆的另一种方法，其特征在于，先把具有多层结构的软管挤压成预成型件，并使用挤压机，对由其头部连续地或间断地挤出来的材料软管分别进行开槽，再在开出的槽内注入导电塑料以形成导电条，然后将该导电条与软管预成型件均匀焊接在一起，最后在吹塑模中将预成型件制成内胆。

Claims (14)

1.一种液体储运容器，它具有一个托盘式的底架，该底架由金属或导电塑料制成，底架上安装由塑料制成的内胆，该内胆具有四个侧壁，一个下底和一个上底，一个位于上底上的可开闭的流入接管和一个位于内胆下部的流出接管及取液阀，以及一个围绕着内胆的外套，外套由金属或钢板栅条制成，其特征在于：在所述内胆(2)的本体(22)中设置由导电塑料制成的导电条(23)，在内胆(2)的内表面(25)和外表面(26)之间形成电气连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的容器，其进一步特征在于，所述内胆(2)的导电条(23)成型为导电带(24)，所述导电带(24)的厚度与内胆(2)的壁厚(27)相一致。
3.如权利要求1所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：导电条(24)在侧壁(3～6)上和/或角上(28)垂直配置于内胆(2)的壁(3～6)之间。
4.如权利要求3所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：导电条(24)布置在内胆(2)的侧壁(3～6)和下底(7)上。
5.如权利要求3所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：导电条(24)布置在内胆(2)的侧壁(3～6)和下底(7)与上底(8)上。
6.如权利要求1～5中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：采用高密度聚乙烯单层内胆(2)。
7.如权利要求1中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：塑料内胆(2)具有一个内层(19)和一个持久抗静电的外层(21)。
8.如权利要求1中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：塑料内胆(2)包括一个内层(19)、一个中间层(20)和一个持久抗静电的外层(21)。
9.如权利要求8所述：其进一步特征在于：塑料内胆(2)在内层(19)与中间层(20)之间，埋入有一个夹在二个增粘层(33、34)之间的封闭层(32)。
10.如权利要求7～9中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：内胆(2)的内层(19)与外层(21)用高密度聚乙烯制成，原料采用新粒子，外层(21)含有导电碳黑成分。
11.如权利要求8～9中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：内胆(2)的中间层(20)采用高密度聚乙烯制成，原料采用再生粒子或纯聚乙烯粉末和/或含有导电碳黑成分的聚乙烯。
12.如权利要求1～5、7-9中的任一项所述的容器，其进一步特征在于：内胆(2)的导电条(24)采用含有导电炭黑成分的高密度聚乙烯制成。
13.一种制造如权利要求1～5、7-9中的任一项所述的液体储运容器的塑料内胆的方法，其特征在于，先通过对具有单层或者多层结构的软管状绝缘基材进行挤压而构成预成型件，再在其四周分布导电条，然后在一个吹塑模具中，将预成型件吹塑成内胆。
14.一种制造如权利要求1～5、7-9中的任一项所述的液体储运容器的塑料内胆的方法，其特征在于，先把具有多层结构的软管挤压成预成型件，并使用挤压机，对由其头部连续地或间断地挤出来的材料软管分别进行开槽，再在开出的槽内注入导电塑料以形成导电条，然后将该导电条与软管状预成型件均匀焊接在一起，最后在吹塑模中将预成型件制成内胆。
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