CN1207157A - 喷油系统 - Google Patents

喷油系统 Download PDF

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CN1207157A
CN1207157A CN97191634A CN97191634A CN1207157A CN 1207157 A CN1207157 A CN 1207157A CN 97191634 A CN97191634 A CN 97191634A CN 97191634 A CN97191634 A CN 97191634A CN 1207157 A CN1207157 A CN 1207157A
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injection
pump
valve
fuel
cam
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CN1079495C (zh
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内斯托尔·罗伯里格斯－阿马亚
斯特凡·约纳斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/06—Pumps peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/06—Pumps peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/063—Delivery stroke of piston being divided into two or more parts, e.g. by using specially shaped cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/08—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined
    • F02M41/10—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined pump pistons acting as the distributor
    • F02M41/12—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined pump pistons acting as the distributor the pistons rotating to act as the distributor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/08—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined
    • F02M41/10—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined pump pistons acting as the distributor
    • F02M41/12—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined pump pistons acting as the distributor the pistons rotating to act as the distributor
    • F02M41/123—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined pump pistons acting as the distributor the pistons rotating to act as the distributor characterised by means for varying fuel delivery or injection timing
    • F02M41/125—Variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/083—Having two or more closing springs acting on injection-valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/225—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves with throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
    • F04B2203/0209—Rotational speed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pump Control (AREA)

Abstract

公开一种喷油系统,它具有一个喷油泵,喷油泵的高压输送由一个控制减压通道(30)的电控阀(24)来决定,在这里通过关闭这个阀来决定这个阶段。为了进行分为提前喷油和主喷油的喷油和为了简化电控阀(24)的控制,驱动泵活塞(1)的凸轮(5)是这样成型的,凸轮提供了一个范围(P),在这个范围内,泵活塞(1)为了中断提前喷油和主喷油之间的喷油保持在其达到的位置或者运动退回。

Description

喷油系统
技术水平
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1类型的喷油系统。
在一个这样的、从DE-A-3644257中公知的系统中，采用带分配器的喷油泵作为喷油泵，这种喷油泵具有一个往复传动和同时旋转的泵活塞，在其旋转运动和其泵行程时，多个通向各个喷油阀的喷油管分别有一个管供应处于喷油压力下的燃油，为了把喷油分成提前喷油和主喷油，作为电磁阀的电控阀短时间打开，以便给泵工作腔减压并且短时间降低所达到的燃油压力。这意味着，在电控制系统和阀结构方面需要花费很高的、能很快转换的电磁阀。
特别是，在泵工作腔和喷油阀之间的连接中也要安装一个特殊的压力阀，这个阀在向喷油嘴输送高压油时在输送方向中打开和在喷油结束时关闭，而且这个阀要适用于降低压力阀和喷油阀之间的压力波和在这个范围内，在喷油间歇期间保持力争稳定的压力。在把喷油分成提前喷油和主喷油时，当时要供油的内燃机油缸的每个工作节拍在喷油间歇中都照顾到稳定的压力，这是比较有利的。
本发明的优点
通过按照本发明的解决方案，分成提前喷油和主喷油的喷油控制装置简单的多。采取从结构上通过凸轮形状来中断喷油，省掉了用于在提前喷油和主喷油之间中断喷油的、在问歇期间打开和重新关闭电控阀的电控装置，因此也节省了费用。除此之外，电控阀也不需要具有对于精确控制提前喷油和主喷油之间的间歇时间来说需要的较高的换向速率，而且比专用的很快换向的阀要简单和小的多。
在图中示出了本发明的一个实施例并且在以下的说明中详细地进行了介绍。其中，
图1示出了由一个电磁阀控制的喷油泵的原理图，
图2以对应于旋转角的凸轮升程曲线的形式示出了按照本发明的凸轮型线的曲线变化。
实施例说明
按照本发明的解决方案，在下面说明的实施例中，借助于一个带分配器的喷油泵实现，如同在图1中以示意图示出的一样。在那里，涉及到了一个轴向活塞结构形式的带分配器的喷油泵，虽然本发明也可使用其他喷油泵，比如说，径向活塞结构形式的带分配器的喷油泵，只有一个泵活塞用于内燃机单个缸供油的单个泵或者串列式泵。但是，特别有利的是，采用一个带分配器的喷油泵可以实现本发明，因为在这里只需要一个唯一的电控阀用于喷油阀的供油，并且借助于分配器向各个喷油阀分配油。在采用图l中示出的这种带分配器的喷油泵时，设有一个泵活塞l，泵活塞安装在一个油缸孔2中，可移动和可旋转，并且在那里从端侧包围一个泵工作腔10。在这里，泵活塞通过一个没有继续示出的弹簧同凸轮盘6连接耦合，凸轮盘具有按照本发明构造的、轴向朝下的凸轮5。凸轮盘被一个没有继续示出的驱动轴旋转地、特别是与由喷油泵供油的内燃机的转速同步地、以公知的方式驱动，其中，凸轮盘在弹簧的影响下在一个公知的轴向固定的滚环上滑动，并且在后来使旋转的泵活塞和分配器活塞变做往复输送和抽吸运动。在其进行泵输送行程的旋转运动时，在这时处于高压下的燃油从泵工作腔10中排出来，泵活塞通过泵及分配器活塞外壳表面中的分配器槽8与多个喷油管7之一相连接，在这里，分配器槽通过一个纵向通道9始终与泵工作腔相连接。喷油管通过一个压力阀12通往喷油阀13，内燃机的每个缸各配置了一个喷油阀。
泵工作腔10的供油通过一个吸管15来进行，吸管由抽吸腔17供油，抽吸腔基本上只是用虚线示出，并且被包围在喷油泵壳体里面。抽吸腔从与喷油泵同步、例如由驱动轴驱动的输油泵18中得到燃油，因此，燃油以取决于转速的数量输送到抽吸腔。如果应采用这个压力控制喷油泵附加性能的话，借助于附加的压力控制阀19，通常是根据转速来控制抽吸腔中的压力。通过一个溢流节流阀22，燃油不断地流回到储油箱23中，这样，通过此可以照顾到喷油泵的冷却或者抽吸腔的除气。抽吸管15通过单向阀16通往泵工作腔，在这里，单向阀在泵工作腔方向中打开。与这个单向阀并联安装了一个电控阀24，电控阀控制通往压力阀16的一个旁通管21，而且借助于其帮助，在阀打开时，在泵工作腔10和抽吸腔17之间产生联通，在阀关闭时泵工作腔10关闭。表明为电磁阀的电控阀24由一个控制装置25相应于运行参数以公知的方式来控制。然而，在阀24有足够大的通流截面时也可省掉单向阀16。在这种情况下，泵工作腔在抽吸行程时仅通过电控阀加注。
借助于这个电控阀，这样控制泵活塞高压输送的开始，即借助于这个阀最终也控制喷油开始。在关闭时，在泵工作腔10内产生了喷油压力，喷油压力通过纵向通道9和分配器槽8输入到喷油管7中的一个。随着电控阀的重新打开，高压输送中断，这样阀的关闭时间决定了喷油开始时间和喷油量。通过这个阀可以不用特殊的控制就可以实现提前喷汕。
按照本发明，凸轮5的凸轮工作面的输送侧是这样构成的，如在图2中示出的，它在一个时间之内使泵活塞产生一个行程曲线，它分为第一范围V，它随着活塞输送行程开始在小的输送行程之后结束，还有第二范围P，在这个范围内活塞处于返回运动，这样有效地结束高压输送并且形成喷油间歇，以及第三范围H，在这个范围内凸轮工作面重又升高，为了继续输送主喷油量活塞移动。
从图2中的曲线图中同样可以知道，电控阀、例如一个电磁阀或者一个由压电操作的阀为了控制提前喷油量输送的开始并从而同时控制喷油开始怎样在FB点关闭和为了结束主喷油怎样在FE点打开。中断喷油仅通过凸轮范围P不能有效地高压输送来进行。采用这种从结构上预先确定喷油间歇，高压喷油中断的持续时间基本上以稳定保持的凸轮角度进行，特别是与电控阀的换向速率及转速无关。在个别情况下，也可以按照所要划分的喷油改变凸轮形状。活塞也可以在其位置保持不动，不用做退回运动，或者这样地稍微继续运动，其运动不够进行值得注意的喷油，这样，就产生了有效的喷油间歇，喷油间歇可以减少输入到内燃机燃烧室的燃油量，使燃烧室中的压力升高比较小，从而可以达到噪音较小的燃烧。
有利的是，按照本发明形式的喷油泵向喷油阀供油，该喷油阀适合于以划分的喷油率喷油，在这里，为了提前喷油，准备了一个比用于主喷油小的喷油横截面。这种喷油阀是大家所熟悉的，不需在此详细说明了。此外，例如请参阅DE-C2-3606246。借助于这种结构的喷油阀还可以更精确地保持提前喷油和主喷油之间所需要的喷油间歇。

Claims (4)

1.具有一个喷油泵的喷油系统，具有一个由至少装有一个凸轮的凸轮驱动机构驱动的泵活塞围成的泵工作腔(10)，它用于向至少一个喷油阀(13)供应处于喷油压力的喷油量，以及具有一个电控阀(24)，通过这个电控阀使喷油泵的泵工作腔(10)为了控制喷油量和喷油时间与一个减压室(17)相连接或者关闭，并且带有每次喷油过程的提前喷油和主喷油之间的喷油中断，其特征是，
至少一个凸轮是这样构成的，它在其使泵活塞进行输送行程运动的凸轮工作面上具有一个部分范围(P)，在这个范围内，活塞(1)在为提前喷油第一次输送行程之后为了中断其高压输送行程至少保持其在那里达到的位置或者行程退回，紧接着，为了进行主喷油输送行程继续运动，在这里，电控阀(24)这样控制，阀在提前喷油输送行程开始时被关闭，在结束主喷油时才重新打开。
2.按照权利要求1所述的喷油系统，其特征是，
作为喷油阀采用了一个用于把喷油分成不同喷油率的喷油阀，具有一个在两个阶段可由喷油阀元件调节的开口横断面。
3.按照权利要求2所述的喷油系统，其特征是，
喷油阀至少具有两个闭合弹簧，阀元件通过输入的燃油高压克服第一个弹簧的闭合力为了提前喷油做第一次开启行程，然后，克服第一个和/或者另一个弹簧的力为了进行主喷油进行第二次开启行程。
4.按照上述权利要求之一的喷油系统，其特征是，带分配器的喷油泵用做喷油泵。
CN97191634A 1996-11-25 1997-07-02 喷油系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1079495C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19648690.4 1996-11-25
DE19648690A DE19648690A1 (de) 1996-11-25 1996-11-25 Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem

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CN1207157A true CN1207157A (zh) 1999-02-03
CN1079495C CN1079495C (zh) 2002-02-20

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US (1) US6016786A (zh)
EP (1) EP0882180B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2000504388A (zh)
KR (1) KR100539986B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1079495C (zh)
CZ (1) CZ291287B6 (zh)
DE (2) DE19648690A1 (zh)
HU (1) HU220411B (zh)
PL (1) PL186623B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2177559C2 (zh)
SK (1) SK284424B6 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998023858A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100416081C (zh) * 2004-01-23 2008-09-03 瓦特西拉芬兰有限公司 喷油率成形装置
CN103644059A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-19 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种采用分层式燃油分配器的蓄压式供油系统

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19834121A1 (de) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffversorgungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE19926308A1 (de) * 1999-06-09 2000-12-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pumpenanordnung für Kraftstoff
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HUP9901494A2 (hu) 1999-08-30
CZ291287B6 (cs) 2003-01-15
CN1079495C (zh) 2002-02-20
KR19990076796A (ko) 1999-10-15
EP0882180B1 (de) 2002-10-23
WO1998023858A1 (de) 1998-06-04
DE59708561D1 (de) 2002-11-28
RU2177559C2 (ru) 2001-12-27
EP0882180A1 (de) 1998-12-09
PL186623B1 (pl) 2004-02-27
PL327975A1 (en) 1999-01-04
CZ189898A3 (cs) 1999-01-13
DE19648690A1 (de) 1998-05-28
HU220411B (hu) 2002-01-28
KR100539986B1 (ko) 2006-02-28
SK284424B6 (sk) 2005-04-01
US6016786A (en) 2000-01-25
JP2000504388A (ja) 2000-04-11
HUP9901494A3 (en) 2000-03-28

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