CN1198775A - 重组c-蛋白酶及其加工、方法和用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及编码C-蛋白酶的核苷酸序列的分离和鉴定、这种蛋白质的活性识别及其应用以及其工具、加工和使用方法。
Description
1.相关案例的陈述
本申请为1995年8月8日申请的美国临时申请60/002038的后续部分申请。2.介绍
胶原除了别的用途外,还是结缔组织适当形成所必需的。因此,胶原的过度产生或产生不足或异常产生(包括不正确加工的胶原)与多种结缔组织疾病和失调有关。因此,控制和/或调节胶原的形成已成为研究的焦点。这些研究包括努力鉴定包括C-蛋白酶(为胶原正确形成和加工的关键)在内的酶。
本发明涉及编码C-蛋白酶和相应多肽的核苷酸序列的分离和鉴定,涉及这种多肽活性的识别及其应用、工具、加工和使用方法。3.发明背景
胶原结构,现在已鉴定了十九个类型的胶原。这些胶原(包括I、II和III型纤维胶原),合成含有氨基末端和羧基末端延伸肽的原胶原前体分子。一般称为“前区(pro-region)”的这些延伸肽分别命名为N-前肽和C-前肽。
N-前肽和C-前肽都通常在原胶原三股螺旋前体分子从细胞分泌时被切割,产生成熟的三股螺旋胶原分子。切割后,“成熟”胶原分子能够联合为高级结构的胶原纤维。参见例如Fessler和Fessler,1978,Annu.Rev.Biochem.47:129-162;Bornstein和Traub,1979,The Proteins(eds.Neurath,H.和Hill,R.H.),Academic Press,New York,第412-632页;Kivirikko等,1984,Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry(eds.Piez,K.A.和Reddi,A.H.),Elsvier Science Publishing Co.,Inc.,New York,第83-118页;Prockop和Kivirikko,1984,N.Engl.J.Med.311:376-383;Kuhn,1987,Structure and Function of Collagen Types(eds Mayne,R.和Burgeson,R.E.),Academic Press,Inc.,Orlando,Florida,第1-42页。
与胶原异常产生有关的疾病。一系列危险的疾病都与胶原的不适当或不规则产生有关,包括病理性纤维变化或瘢痕形成,包括心内膜硬化、特发性间质性纤维变性、间质性肺纤维化、肌周纤维变性、Symmer纤维变性、中枢周纤维变性、肝炎、皮肤纤维变性、胆汁性肝硬变、酒精性肝硬变、急性肺纤维化、特发性肺纤维化、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、肾纤维变性/肾小球性肾炎、肾纤维变性/糖尿病性肾炎、硬皮病/全身性、硬皮病/局限性、瘢痕瘤、肥大性瘢、严重关节粘连/关节炎、骨髓纤维变性、角膜瘢痕形成、胰囊纤维变性、肌营养不良(Duchenne病)、心纤维变性、肌纤维变性/视网膜分离、食管狭窄、派尔病(payronles disease)。其它纤维变性失调可以由外科诱导或引发,这些手术包括瘢痕修正/整形外科、青光眼、白内障纤维变性、角膜瘢痕形成、关节粘连、移植物抗宿主病、腱外科、神经包埋、Dupuytren挛缩、OB/GYN粘连/纤维变性、骨盆粘连、硬膜外纤维变性、再狭窄。
治疗这些疾病的一个策略是抑制胶原的病理性过度产生。因此,参与胶原产生和加工的酶的鉴定和分离是主要的医药目标,以提供适于药物研制的靶。
同样地,由胶原病理性产生不足引起的疾病(这里胶原产生不足是原胶原不正确加工的结果)的治疗策略是给予C-蛋白酶。
关于C-蛋白酶的背景资料。C-蛋白酶是一种催化切割纤维性胶原(包括I、II和III型胶原)C-前肽的酶。首先在人和鼠成纤维细胞(Goldbers等,1975,Cell 4:45-50;Kessler和Goldberg,1978,Anal.Biochem.86:463-469)和鸡腱成纤维细胞(Duskin等,1978,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.185:326-332;Leung等,1979,J.Biol.Chem.254:224-232)的培养基中观察到该酶。也已鉴定了从I型原胶原除去C-末端前肽的酸性蛋白酶。Davidson等,1979,Eur.J.Biochem.100:551。
1982年由鸡颅盖获得具有C-蛋白酶活性的部分纯化蛋白质。Njieha等,1982,Biochemistry 23:757-764。在1985年,从鸡胚腱的条件培养物分离、纯化和表征了天然C-蛋白酶。Hojima等,1985,J.Biol.Chem.260:15996-16003。随后从培养的小鼠成纤维细胞的培养物中纯化了鼠C-蛋白酶。Kessler等,1986,Collagen Relat.Res.6:249-266;Kessler和Adar,1989,Eur.J.Biochem.186:115-121。
用这些纯化形式的鸡和鼠C-蛋白酶进行的实验表明,该酶有助于功能胶原纤维的形成。Fertala等,1994,J.Bioil.Chem.269:11584。
一般来说,已经采用一系列分析测定了C-蛋白酶活性和该酶活性的抑制。参见例如kessler和Goldberg,1978,Anal.Biochem.86:463;Njieha等,1982,Biochemistry 21:757-764。正如多种出版物中清楚说明的,该酶难以用常规生化方法分离,在本发明之前,已知该酶和编码这种酶的cDNA序列都不能得到。Takahara等,1994,J.Biol.Chem.269:26280-26285,26284(“尚未获得C-蛋白酶的肽序列和核苷酸序列)。因此,尽管可以利用C-蛋白酶的相关分析,但迄今尚未进行有效的C-蛋白酶抑制剂的大量综述和测试。
已知的C-蛋白酶抑制剂。已经鉴定了许多有效的C-蛋白酶抑制剂。例如几种金属螯合剂显示出具有C-蛋白酶抑制剂的活性。同样地,已发现凝乳酶抑制剂(chymostatin)和胃蛋白酶抑制剂A作为相对强的C-蛋白酶活性抑制剂。
α2-巨球蛋白、ovostatin和胎牛血清也表现出至少部分抑制C-蛋白酶的活性。同样地,二硫苏糖醇、SDS、伴刀豆球蛋白A、Zn2+、Cu2-和Cd2-低浓度下具有抑制活性,已发现某些还原剂、几种氨基酸(包括赖氨酸和精氨酸)、磷酸盐和硫酸铵在1-10mM浓度下具有C-蛋白酶抑制剂活性。Leung等,supra;Ryhnen等,1982,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.215:230-236。
我们也发现高浓度的NaCl或Tris-HCl缓冲液抑制C-蛋白酶活性。例如已经报道了0.2M、0.3M和0.5M的NaCl将用0.15M的标准分析浓度观察到的C-蛋白酶活性分别减少66%、38%和25%。同样,已经报道0.2-0.5M的Tris-HCl缓冲液抑制该酶的活性。Hojima等,supra。
相反,诸如亮抑制素、phosphoramidon、木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂、bestatin、elastinal和amastatin之类的抑菌剂被认为作用弱或没有作用。
关于骨形态发生蛋白-1(BMP-1)的背景资料。1988年,从骨组织中分离了一种具有C-蛋白酶结构特征的蛋白质。在本发明之前,由于BMP-1与BMP-2和BMP-3同时分离,因此人们相信命名为BMP-1或“骨形态发生蛋白”的该蛋白为TGF-β相关蛋白家族的一员(Wozney等,1988,Science 242:1528-1534)。尽管提供了BMP-2和BMP-3在刺激骨的发育和生长中起重要作用的证据,但从未清楚地表明BMP-1的活性。
序列比较揭示,BMP-1含有一个EGF状域和一个与从小龙虾中分离的一种蛋白酶序列相似的命名为“A域”的区域。Titany等,1987,Biochemistry 26:222。由于TGF-β1结合蛋白也含有EGF状域,因此表明BMP-1可能是一种参与激活TGF-β1的蛋白酶。Miyazono等,1988,J.Biol.Chem.263:6407;Woyznek等,supra;Fukagawa等,1994,Dev.Bio.162:175-183。
也已经表明,由于BMP-1与果蝇的tolloid基因产物同源,因此BMP-1参与神经管背腹图案形成的整个机制。
尽管已经表明, C-蛋白酶([在本发明之前]其肽序列和核苷酸序列尚未获得)和BMP-1属于同一结构家族,但从未将BMP-1与胶原形成相联系。Takahara等,1994,J.Biol.Chem.269:26280-26286。因此,尽管已经鉴定了假定的骨形态发生蛋白BMP-1的cDNA和多肽序列,但直至本发明才知道该蛋白的正确活性和用途。同样地,也不知道BMP-1和C-蛋白酶之间的结构关系。4.发明概述
本发明涉及由人C-蛋白酶的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列得出的合成或重组成分。在本发明的一个实施方案中,该成分包括全长的C-蛋白酶氨基酸序列。在本发明的另一实施方案中,该成分包括具有C-蛋白酶样活性的C-蛋白酶衍生物。在本发明的再一实施方案中,该成分进行放射性标记或表示具有C-蛋白酶样活性的C-蛋白酶类似物。本发明也涉及C-蛋白酶的重组生产和多种重组表达系统中的相关成分。
本发明也涉及C-蛋白酶、其片断、类似物和衍生物用于与胶原异常产生有关的疾病和失调的用途。这类多肽可以直接作用于胶原,或者作用于涉及胶原加工的其它酶,例如赖氨酰氧化酶。
本发明也涉及一些蛋白质、肽和有机分子的用途,这些物质能够通过影响C-蛋白酶和胶原前体分子(包括原胶原)或者其它胶原加工酶和/或C-蛋白酶切割位点之间的互作,调节胶原形成。本发明还涉及将这类蛋白质、多肽和/或有机分子单独或结合其它分子用于治疗失调,这类失调包括与异常胶原产生有关的失调,诸如风湿性关节炎和硬皮病。
本发明也涉及在结合分析中使用C-蛋白酶(或是标记的或是未标记的),作为可以用来分离(通过HPLC)不同C-蛋白酶衍生物的示踪剂,产生无载体示踪剂。
最后,本发明涉及借助于本发明序列的C-蛋白酶的重组表达和生产。5.定义
“C-蛋白酶”应该解释为是指一种酶,该酶能够通过-Ala
Asp-Asp和/或-Gly
Asp-Glu-切割,加工胶原分子、胶原衍生物或片断、或它们的前体。该术语包括人C-蛋白酶及其具有C-蛋白酶样活性的衍生物、类似物、片断和变异体。6.附图简述
图1一般性地表示来自原胶原C-蛋白酶的测序的肽、pCP-1和pCP-2的编码结构以及分离的cDNA克隆。
图1A鉴定了由pCP测序并在下面表1中描述的肽。
图1B鉴定了pCP-1的编码域。
图1C鉴定了pCP-1的编码域。
图1D鉴定了按照下面提出的流程获得的cDNA区域。
图2表示HT-1080细胞总RNA的Northern印迹分析,其中用pCP-1的32P-标记的克隆(第837-2487核苷酸,其中所述克隆用32P通过随机引物延伸标记,比活性为4×103cpm/μg)作为探针分析该滤纸。该滤纸于-70℃暴露于X-射线膜6小时。泳道1和泳道2提供两个用pCP-1转染的克隆;泳道3提供没有cDNA插入的载体pcDNA-3转染的克隆;泳道4和泳道5表示用pCP-2转染的两个克隆;而泳道6表示来自未转染的HT-1080宿主细胞的RNA。
图3表示测定转染细胞培养基中C-蛋白酶活性的结果。泳道1提供单独温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原;泳道2提供与10单位纯化的鸡原胶原C-蛋白酶一起温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原;泳道3提供与由15ml转染pCP-1的克隆的培养液通过PEG沉淀的蛋白一起温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原;泳道4提供与由15ml转染pCP-2的克隆培养液通过PEG沉淀的蛋白一起温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原;泳道5提供与由15ml未转染的HT-1080宿主细胞培养液通过PEG沉淀的蛋白一起温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原;泳道6提供与由10ml转染pCP-2的克隆培养液通过膜过滤部分分步分离和浓缩的蛋白一起温育的14C-标记的I型原胶原。
图4表示在金属亲和柱上大肠杆菌提取物的色谱图。
图5表示为测定在大肠杆菌中表达的重组蛋白的C-蛋白酶活性而进行分析的结果。泳道1和泳道2表示,于35℃下在反应缓冲液中与0.2μg重折叠重组蛋白(通过于37℃用10μg/ml胰凝乳蛋白酶预先降解2小时激活)温育15小时的14C-标记的原胶原(0.2μg;4000cpm);泳道3和泳道4表示,于35℃下在反应缓冲液中与通过用100μg/ml胰凝乳蛋白酶降解激活的0.2μg重折叠重组蛋白温育15小时的14C-标记的原胶原(0.2μg;4000cpm);泳道5提供了无酶温育的14C-标记的原胶原(0.2μg;4000cpm);泳道6提供了与鸡胚原胶原C-蛋白酶(0.2单位;0.006μg)温育的14C-标记的原胶原。
图6(图6A、6B)表示pCP-1的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
具体地说,图6A表示相应于pCP-1位置-1至431(氨基酸)和-3至1291(核苷酸)的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列。
图6B表示相应于pCP-1位置431至731(氨基酸)和1292至2431(核苷酸)的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列。
图7表示pCP-2的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
具体地说,图7A表示相应于pCP-2位置-1至431(氨基酸)和-3至1291(核苷酸)的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列。
图7B表示相应于pCP-2位置431至911(氨基酸)和1292至2731(核苷酸)的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列。
图7C表示相应于pCP-2位置912至991(氨基酸)和2732至3541(核苷酸)的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列。7.本发明的详细说明
7.1.C-蛋白酶编码基因的分离
通过应用前述步骤,包括Hojima等,1985,J.BIol.Chem.260:15996中描述的方法,可以将C-蛋白酶分离为同质性的。在一个推荐实施方案中,采用Hojima等的方法和在最后的纯化步骤中通过在SDS中的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳完成该蛋白的分离,纯化该蛋白。
然后按照已知技术,采用市售仪器可以将同质C-蛋白酶测序。在一个推荐方法中,来自含有该酶的凝胶条带的胰蛋白酶酶解肽通过以下步骤测序:(1)将该蛋白条带电洗脱到滤纸上;(2)用胰蛋白酶原位降解该条带;(3)采用反相C18柱(Supelco LC18DB),用0.1%三氟乙酸和含有70%乙腈的0.9%三氟乙酸的梯度洗脱,分离胰蛋白酶酶解肽;(4)通过飞行时间-基质辅助激光吸收质谱法(Lasermat;Finnigan)分析该柱各个峰的同质性,以及(5)通过Edman降解法对同质部分测序。
用测定的C-蛋白酶氨基酸序列制备核苷酸探针。可以人工合成或标记这类探针。这类探针和其它探针的制备技术是本领域已知的,并在例如Sambrook等,1989,分子克隆实验指南,第二版(纽约冷泉港实验室出版)的第10-11章中提出。采用这类探针获得的核苷酸序列可以采用Sambrook等,supra,第13章中一般描述的任一技术进行测序。
采用一种或多种简并寡核苷酸引物库(在由C-蛋白酶的氨基酸序列得出的C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列的基础上设计),通过进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)也可以分离C-蛋白酶的编码基因。例如在Sambrool等,supra,第14章中描述了采用PCR鉴定C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列的技术。
本发明也涉及由存在C-蛋白酶活性的其它物种和本文所述C-蛋白酶基因的等位基因分离的未知C-蛋白酶基因。在本文中,C-蛋白酶家族成员定义为可以在原胶原这类分子的C-末端加工原胶原分子的那些酶。可以在较低严格条件下,采用本文所述的人C-蛋白酶克隆的放射性标记片断筛选噬菌体cDNA文库。或者,人C-蛋白酶序列可以用来设计可以用作PCR探针的简并或完全简并的寡核苷酸探针或筛选噬菌体cDNA文库。可以将PCR亚克隆并进行测序,以确保扩增的序列代表C-蛋白酶序列。通过放射性标记扩增片断并筛选噬菌体cDNA文库,可以将PCR片断用来分离全长的C-蛋白酶克隆。或者,该标记片断可以用来筛选基因组文库。关于可以采用的克隆策略的综述,参见例如Sanbrook等,1989,分子克隆实验指南,第二版,纽约冷泉港实验室出版;和Ausubel等,1989,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,(Green Publishing Associates and Wiley Interscience,N.Y.)。
也可以通过在哺乳动物表达载体(诸如pcDNA1,它含有SV40复制原点序列,当转染到COS细胞中时,该复制原点序列可以允许高拷贝数地表达质粒)中构建cDNA文库,完成人C-蛋白酶cDNA的分离。可以以多种本领域已知的方式检测转染的COS细胞表面上C-蛋白酶的表达。可以通过使转染的细胞经过FACS(荧光激活细胞分拣机)分拣,富集表达人C-蛋白酶的细胞。
按照本发明,编码C-蛋白酶、C-蛋白酶肽片断、C-蛋白酶融合蛋白或其功能等价物的C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列可以用来产生在适当的宿主细胞中指导该蛋白或其功能等价物表达的重组DNA分子。或者,也可以在核苷酸杂交分析、Southern印迹分析和Northern印迹分析等中使用与部分C-蛋白酶序列杂交的核苷酸序列。
由于遗传密码子固有的简并性,在本发明实践中,实际编码同一氨基酸序列或一个功能相同的氨基酸序列的其它DNA序列可以用来克隆和表达C-蛋白酶蛋白。这类DNA序列包括能够在严格条件下、更优选在高度严格条件下与人C-蛋白酶序列杂交的那些DNA序列。参见例如Wallace等,1081,Nucleic Acid Research 9:879。
可以按照本发明使用的改变的DNA序列包括不同核苷酸残基的缺失、插入或置换产生的序列,后者编码同一基因产物或功能相同基因产物。该基因产物本身在C-蛋白酶序列内可以含有氨基酸残基的缺失、插入或置换,这导致沉默变化,由此产生功能相同的蛋白。可以根据所包含残基的极性、电荷、溶解度、疏水性、亲水性和/或两亲性质方面的相似性,进行这类氨基酸置换。例如,带负电的氨基酸包括天冬氨酸和谷氨酸;带正电的氨基酸包括赖氨酸和精氨酸;具有非电荷极性头基团、具有相似亲水值的氨基酸包括以下:亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷酰胺、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸。本文所用的功能相同的C-蛋白酶是指可以加工原胶原或其片断或衍生物的酶,但其结合亲和性不必与其相应的天然C-蛋白酶相同。
可以设计本发明的DNA序列,以便改变多种末端的该酶序列,后者包括(但不限于)修改基因产物的加工和表达的改变。例如,可以采用本领域众所周知的技术(例如定点诱变,以例如插入新限制位点)导入突变。例如在诸如酵母之类的某些表达系统中,宿主细胞可以使该基因产物过度糖基化。当采用这类表达系统时,最好改变C-蛋白酶编码序列,以消除任何N-连接的糖基化位点。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,C-蛋白酶序列或修饰的C-蛋白酶序列可以与异源序列连接,以编码融合蛋白。例如,为了筛选肽文库,编码表达由市售抗体识别的异源抗原决定部位的嵌合C-蛋白酶蛋白可能是有用的。也可以设计融合蛋白含有位于C-蛋白酶序列和异源蛋白序列之间的切割位点,使得可以切开C-蛋白酶和异源部分。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,采用本领域众所周知的化学方法,可以全部或部分合成C-蛋白酶的编码序列。参见例如Caruthers等,1980,Nucleic Acids Res.Sym.Ser.7:215-223;Crea和Horn,1980,Nucleic Acids Res.9:2331;Matteucci和Caruthers,1980,TetrahedronLetters 21:719;和Chow和Kempe,1981,Nucleic Acids Res.9:2807-2817。或者,可以采用化学方法生产该蛋白本身,以合成C-蛋白酶的全部或部分氨基酸序列。例如通过固相技术、从树脂切下并通过制备型高效液相色谱纯化,可以合成肽。(参见例如Creighton,1983,蛋白质结构和分子原理,W.H.Freeman and Co.,N.Y.第50-60页)。合成肽的组成可以通过氨基酸分析或测序证实(例如Edman降解方法;参见Creighton,1983,蛋白质结构和分子原理,W.H.Freeman and Co.,N.Y.第34-49页)。
7.2.C-蛋白酶编码序列的用途
C-蛋白酶编码序列可以用于诊断目的,以检测C-蛋白酶的表达。包括在本发明范围内的是寡核糖核苷酸序列,包括反义RNA和DNA分子以及具有抑制C-蛋白酶翻译功能的核酶(ribozyme)。反义技术是本领域已知的,可以用于本文中。
核酶是一种能够催化RNA特异性切割的具酶活性的RNA分子。核酶的作用机制涉及核酶分子与互补靶RNA特异性杂交、随后进行内源切割的序列。在本发明范围内的是设计的锤头基元核酶分子,它特异性和有效地催化C-蛋白酶RNA序列核酸的内切。
通过扫描靶分子的核酶切割位点(包括以下序列:GUA、GUU、GUC),初步鉴定在任何潜在RNA靶内的特异性核酶切割位点。一旦识别出切割位点,则可以评价相应于含有切割位点的靶基因区域的15-20个核糖核苷酸短RNA序列的预测结构特征,诸如可以反映不合适寡核苷酸序列的二级结构。也可以采用核糖核酸酶保护分析,通过测试候选靶与互补寡核苷酸杂交的可及性,评价其适应性。
反义RNA和DNA分子以及本发明的核酶都可以用本领域众所周知合成RNA分子的方法制备。这些方法包括本领域众所周知的化学合成寡聚脱氧核糖核苷酸的技术,诸如固相亚磷酰胺化学合成法。或者,可以通过编码反义RNA分子的DNA序列的体外或体内转录,产生RNA分子。这类DNA序列可以掺入多种载体中,后者掺入适当的聚合酶启动子。或者,根据所用的启动子,可以将组成型或诱导型合成反义RNA的反义cDNA构建物(construct)稳定地导入细胞系中。
此外,可以在靶细胞群体中表达具有显性负作用的突变形式的C-蛋白酶,以抑制野生型C-蛋白酶的内源表达活性。
此外,编码C-蛋白酶的DNA也可能有多种用途,以诊断由该酶异常表达引起的疾病。例如,C-蛋白酶DNA序列可以用于活组织检查或尸体解剖的杂交分析中,以诊断表达的异常(例如Southern ofNorhtern blot analysis,in situ hybridization assays)。
C-蛋白酶cDNA也可以用作检测C-蛋白酶mRNA表达的探针。
此外,也可以采用编码C-蛋白酶的核酸,测定在胚胎发育期间C-蛋白酶的表达。正如文献中所述,没有发现在具有结缔组织遗传病病人的C-蛋白酶有缺陷。因此,一般假设,与C-蛋白酶有关的遗传缺陷导致子宫内死亡。原位杂交可以预测与结缔组织疾病有关的子宫内问题。
可以作为增加胞内稳定性和半衰期导入对DNA分子的各种修饰。可能的修饰包括(但不限于)将核糖核苷酸和脱氧核苷酸侧翼序列加入该分子5’和/或3’末端,或在寡脱氧核糖核苷酸骨架内使用硫代磷酸酯或除磷酸二酯酶键合外的2’O-甲基。
7.3.C-蛋白酶的表达
为了表达生物学活性的C-蛋白酶,将编码该蛋白的核苷酸序列或supra第4.1节中所述的功能等价物插入适当的表达载体中,即含有插入的编码序列必需的转录和翻译元件的载体。
更具体地讲,本领域技术人员众所周知的方法可以用来构建含有C-蛋白酶序列和适当的转录和翻译控制信号的表达载体。这些方法包括体外重组DNA技术、合成技术和体内重组/基因重组。参见例如Sambrook等,1989,分子克隆实验指南,第二版,纽约冷泉港实验室出版;和Ausubel等,1989,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,GreenPublishing Associates and Wiley Interscience,N.Y.中描述的技术。
可以利用多种宿主-表达载体系统以表达C-蛋白酶编码序列。这些系统包括(但不限于)诸如用含有C-蛋白酶编码序列的重组噬菌体DNA、质粒DNA或粘粒DNA表达载体转化的细菌之类的微生物;用含有C-蛋白酶编码序列的重组酵母表达载体转化的酵母;用含有C-蛋白酶编码序列的重组病毒表达载体(例如杆状病毒)感染的昆虫细胞系统;用重组病毒表达载体(例如花椰菜花叶病毒CaMV、烟草花叶病毒TMV)感染或用含有C-蛋白酶编码序列的的重组质粒表达载体转化的植物细胞系统;或用重组病毒表达载体(例如腺病毒、疫苗病毒、人肿瘤病毒(包括HT-1080))感染的动物细胞系统,包括设计在双微染色体中含有多拷贝或者稳定扩增(CHO/dhfr)或者不稳定扩增的C-蛋白酶的细胞系(例如鼠细胞系)。在本发明的推荐实施方案中,HT-1080和大肠杆菌用作表达载体。
在这些系统中表达元件在强度和特异性上不同。根据所用的宿主/载体系统,包括组成型启动子和诱导型启动子在内的大量适当的转录和翻译元件中的任一种都可以用于表达载体中。例如,当在细菌系统中克隆时,可以使用诸如λ噬菌体的pL、plac、ptrp、ptac(ptrp-lac杂种启动子)等的诱导型启动子;当在昆虫细胞系统中克隆时,可以使用诸如多面体杆状病毒启动子之类的启动子;当在植物细胞系统中克隆时,可以使用得自植物细胞基因组的启动子(例如热激启动子、RUBISCO小亚基的启动子、叶绿素a/b结合蛋白的启动子)或得自植物病毒的启动子(例如CaMV 35S RNA启动子;TMV外壳蛋白启动子)之类的启动子;当在哺乳动物细胞系统中克隆时,可以使用得自哺乳动物细胞的启动子(例如金属硫蛋白启动子)或得自哺乳动物病毒的启动子(例如腺病毒晚期启动子、痘苗病毒7.5K启动子);当产生含有多拷贝C-蛋白酶DNA的细胞系时,可以使用基于SV40、BPV和EBV、具有适当选择性标记的载体。
在细菌系统中,最好可以根据表达C-蛋白酶的计划用途,选择多种表达载体。例如,要生产大量C-蛋白酶以筛选肽文库时,可能需要容易纯化的指导高水平融合蛋白产物表达的载体。这类载体包括(但不限于)大肠杆菌表达载体pUR278(Ruther等,1983,EMBO J.2:1791),其中C-蛋白酶编码序列可以连接到框架内具有lac Z编码区的载体中,使得生产杂种AS-lac Z蛋白;pIN载体(Inouye和Inouye,1985,Nucleic Acids Res.13:3101-3109;Van Heeke和Schuster,1989,J,Biol,Chem.264:5503-5509)等。pGEX载体也可以用来表达作为与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的融合蛋白的外源多肽。这类融合蛋白一般是可溶性的,可以通过将蛋白吸附到谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖珠粒上,随后在游离的谷胱甘肽存在下洗脱,容易地从裂解细胞纯化这类融合蛋白。设计pGEX载体以包括凝血酶或凝血因子Xa蛋白酶切割位点,使得克隆目的多肽可以从GST部分释放。
在酵母中,可以使用含有组成型或诱导型启动子的大量载体。关于综述,参见Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,第2卷,1989,Ed.Ausubel等,Greene Publish,Assoc.& Wiley Interscience,第13章;Grant等,1987,Expression and Secretion Vectors for Yeast,Methods inEnzymology,Eds.Wu & Grossman,1987,Acad.Press,N.Y.,第153卷,第516-544页;Glover,1986,DNA Cloning,第II卷,IRL Press,Wash.,D.C.,第3章;Bitter,1987,Heterologous Gene Expression in Yeast,Methods in Enzymology,Eds.Berger & Kimmel,Acad.Press,N.Y.,第152卷,第673-684页;和The Molecular Biology of the YeastSaccharomyces,1982,Eds.Strathern等,Cold Spring Harbor Press,第I和II卷。
使用植物表达载体时,可以由大量启动子中的任一种驱动C-蛋白酶编码序列的表达。例如,可以使用诸如CaMV的35S RNA和19S RNA启动子(Brisson等,1984,Nature 310:511-514)或TMV外壳蛋白启动子(Takamatsu等,1987,EMBO J.6:307-311)之类的病毒启动子;或者,可以使用诸如RUBISCO小亚基(Coruzzi等,1984,EMBO J.3:1671-1680;Broglie等,1984,Science 224:838-843)之类的植物启动子;或可以使用热激启动子,例如大豆hsp17.5-E或hspl7.3-B(Gurley等,1986,Mol.CellBiol.6:559-565)。可以采用Ti质粒、Ri质粒、植物病毒载体、直接DNA转化法、微注射、电穿孔等,将这些构建物导入植物细胞中。关于这类技术的综述,参见例如Weissabach和Weissbach,1988,Methodsfor Plant Molecular Biology,Academic Press,NY,第VIII节,第421-463页;和Grierson和Corey,1988,Plant Molecular Biology,第二版,Blackie,London,第7-9章。
可以用来表达C-蛋白酶的另一表达载体是昆虫系统。在一个这种系统中,杆状病毒用作表达外源基因的载体。然后病毒在昆虫细胞内生长。可以将C-蛋白酶编码序列克隆到病毒的非必需区(例如多面体基因)中,并置于杆状病毒启动子的控制下。然后这些重组病毒用来感染昆虫细胞,在这些细胞中表达插入的基因。(例如参见Smith等,1983,J.Virol.46:584;Smith,美国专利4,215,051)。
在哺乳动物宿主细胞中,可以利用多种基于病毒的表达系统。当腺病毒用作表达载体时,可以将C-蛋白酶编码序列与腺病毒转录/翻译控制复合体(例如晚期启动子和三重前导序列)连接。然后通过体外或体内重组,将该嵌合基因插入腺病毒基因组中。在病毒基因组中非必需区(例如E1区或E3区)的插入会产生有活力并能够在受感染宿主中表达C-蛋白酶的重组病毒。参见例如Logan和Shenk,1984,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81:3655-3659。或者,可以使用痘苗7.5K启动子。参见例如Mackett等,1982,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 79:7415-7419;Mackett等,1984,J.Virol.49:857-864;Panicali等,1982,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 79:4927-4931。
在一个推荐实施方案中,C-蛋白酶序列在人肿瘤细胞中表达,更优选在已经通过磷酸钙沉淀法稳定转染并具有新霉素抗性基因的HT-1080中表达。
也可能需要特异性的起始信号,以有效地翻译插入的C-蛋白酶编码序列。这些信号包括ATG起始密码子和相邻的序列。当包括其起始密码子和相邻序列在内的整个C-蛋白酶基因插入适当的表达载体时,可能不需要额外的翻译控制信号。然而,当只插入一部分C-蛋白酶编码序列时,必须提供包括其起始密码子在内的外源翻译控制信号。此外,起始密码子必须在具有C-蛋白酶编码序列读框部分内,以确保整个插入部分的翻译。这些外源转录控制信号和起始密码子可以具有多个起点,可以是天然的,也可以是合成的。可以通过包含适当的转录增强子、转录终止子等,增加表达效率。参见例如Bitter等,1987,Methods in Enzymol.153:516-544。
此外,可以选择调节插入序列表达的宿主细胞株,或以所需的特定方式修饰和加工该基因产物。这类蛋白产物的修饰(例如糖基化)和加工(例如切割)可能对于该蛋白的功能是重要的。不同的宿主细胞具有蛋白翻译后加工和修饰的特征和特定机制。可以选择适当的细胞系或宿主系统,以确保正确修饰和加工表达的外源蛋白。为此,可以使用具有初级转录物适当加工、糖基化和该基因产物磷酸化的细胞机制的真核宿主细胞。这类哺乳动物宿主细胞包括(但不限于)CHO、VERO、BHK。HeLa、COS、MDCK、293、WI38、HT-1080等。
为了长期高产地生产重组蛋白,最好是稳定的表达。例如,可以设计稳定表达C-蛋白酶的细胞系。除使用含有病毒复制原点的表达载体外,宿主细胞还可以用由适当表达控制元件(例如启动子、增强子、序列、转录终止子、加poly(A)位点等)控制的C-蛋白酶DNA和一个选择性标记进行转化。导入外源DNA后,可以让工程细胞在富集培养基中生长1-2天,然后转换到选择培养基上。重组质粒中的选择性标记给予对选择的抗性,让细胞稳定地将质粒整合到细胞的染色体中,生长形成细胞群落,后者然后可以进行克隆,扩大培养为细胞系。
可以使用多种选择系统,包括(但不限于)可以分别在tk-、hgprt-或aprt-细胞中使用单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶(Wigler等,1977,Cell 11:223)、次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(Szybalska和Szybalski,1962,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 48:2026)和腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(Lowy等,1980,Cell 22:817)基因。此外,可以将抗代谢物抗性用作赋予对氨甲喋呤的抗性的dhft基因(Wigler等,1080,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 78:1527)、赋予对霉酚酸抗性的gpt基因(Mulligan和Berg,1981,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 78:2072)、赋予对氨基糖苷G-418抗性的neo基因(Colberre-Garapin等,1082,J.Mol.Biol.150:1)和赋予对潮霉素抗性的hygro基因(Santerre等,1984,Gene 30:147)的选择基础。最近,已经描述了其它选择性基因,即允许细胞利用吲哚取代色氨酸的trpB、允许细胞利用组氨醇(histinol)取代组氨酸的hisD(Hartman和Mulligan,1988,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:8047)和给予对鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂2-(二氟甲基)-DL-鸟氨酸DFMO抗性的ODC(鸟氨酸脱羧酶)(McConlogue,1987,Current Communications in Molecular Biology,Cold Spring HarborLaboratory ed)。
7.4.表达C-蛋白酶的转染子和转化体的鉴定
含有该编码序列并表达生物学活性基因产物的宿主细胞可以通过至少四种常用方法进行鉴定:(a)DNA-DNA或DNA-RNA杂交;(b)存在或缺乏“标记”基因功能;(c)通过宿主细胞中C-蛋白酶mRNA转录物的表达的测定评价转录水平;以及(d)通过分析或通过其生物学活性测定检测该基因产物。
在第一种方法中,可以通过分别采用包含与C-蛋白酶编码序列同源的核苷酸序列或其衍生物部分的探针进行DNA-DNA或DNA-RNA杂交,检测插入表达载体中的C-蛋白酶编码序列的存在。
在第二种方法中,可以在某些“标记”基因功能(例如对抗生素的抗性、对氨甲喋呤的抗性、转化表型、在杆状病毒中形成包涵体)存在或缺乏的基础上,鉴定和选择重组表达载体/宿主系统。例如,在一个推荐实施方案中,C-蛋白酶编码序列插入载体的新霉素抗性标记基因序列中,可以通过该标记基因功能的缺乏鉴定含有C-蛋白酶编码序列的重组体。另一方法是,可以将一个标记基因与C-蛋白酶序列串联,置于相同或不同的用来控制C-蛋白酶编码序列表达的启动子的控制下。与诱导或选择有关标记的表达表明C-蛋白酶编码序列的表达。
在第三种方法中,可以通过杂交分析评价C-蛋白酶编码序列的转录活性。例如,可以分离RNA并采用与C-蛋白酶编码序列或其特殊部分同源的探针进行Northern印迹法进行分析。另一方法是,可以提取宿主细胞的总核酸,分析与这类探针的杂交。
第四种方法涉及生物学活性C-蛋白酶基因产物的检测。可以采用多种分析检测C-蛋白酶活性,包括(但不限于)Kessler和Goldberg,1978,Anal.Biochem.86:463;和Njieha等,1982,Biochemistry 21:757-764中描述的那些分析。
7.5.用C-蛋白酶或工程细胞系筛选肽文库
粘附于固相支持体的所有氨基酸的可能组合构成的随机肽文库可以用来鉴定能够通过与C-蛋白酶结合调节和/或抑制C-蛋白酶活性的肽。肽文库的筛选在发现抑制该蛋白生物学活性的药物方面可能具有治疗价值。
通过用重组可溶性C-蛋白酶筛选肽文库,可以完成能够与C-蛋白酶结合的分子的鉴定。上面描述了该酶的表达和纯化方法。根据目的功能区域,这些方法可以用来表达重组全长C-蛋白酶或其片断、类似物或衍生物。
为了鉴定和分离与C-蛋白酶相互作用并形成复合体的肽/固相支持体,必需标记(label)或“标记(tag)”C-蛋白酶分子。可以按照众所周知的技术(包括用125I的碘标记)标记C-蛋白酶蛋白。此外,C-蛋白酶蛋白也可以与酶(诸如碱性磷酸酶或辣根过氧化物酶之类)或与其它试剂(诸如荧光标记,可以包括荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)、藻红蛋白(PE)或若丹明)缀合。任何给定标记与C-蛋白酶的缀合可以采用本领域常规技术进行。另一方法是,可以设计C-蛋白酶表达载体以表达含有市售抗体抗原决定部位的嵌合蛋白。可以采用本领域众所周知的方法,包括用酶、荧光染料或着色珠粒或磁性珠粒标记,标记抗原决定部位特异性抗体。
“标记的”C-蛋白酶与随机肽文库于22℃温育30分钟至1小时,使得在该文库内在C-蛋白酶与肽物质之间形成复合体。然后洗涤该文库,以除去任何未结合的蛋白。如果C-蛋白酶与碱性磷酸酶或辣根过氧化物酶缀合,那么将整个文库注入含有或者碱性磷酸酶底物或者辣根过氧化酶底物(例如分别为磷酸5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚(indoyl)酯或3,3’,4,4”-二氨基联苯胺(DAB))的陪替氏培养皿中。温育几分钟后,肽/固相-C-蛋白酶复合体变色,可以容易地鉴定和在解剖显微镜下用显微操作器进行物理分离。如果已经使用荧光标记的C-蛋白酶分子,那么可以通过荧光激活分拣分离复合体。如果已经使用表达异源抗原决定部位的嵌合C-蛋白酶,那么可以采用标记的抗原决定部位特异性抗体完成肽/C-蛋白酶复合体的检测。一旦分离粘附于固相支持体的肽,则可以通过肽测序确定这些肽的鉴定。
7.6.用C-蛋白酶蛋白或工程细胞系筛选有机化合物
表达C-蛋白酶的细胞系可以用来筛选调节C-蛋白酶活性或胶原形成的分子。这类分子可能包括小的有机化合物或无机化合物、或调节C-蛋白酶活性或促进或防止胶原形成的其它分子。可以以多种方式筛选合成化合物、天然产物和其它来源的潜在生物学活性物质。
可以采用标准生化技术测定干扰C-蛋白酶-原胶原结合和/或C-蛋白酶-加工酶结合的试验分子的能力。也可以监控诸如催化活性的激活或抑制之类的其它反应。可以采用筛选过程中为此而开发的常规技术进行这些分析。
下面描述筛选、鉴定和评价与C-蛋白酶或其靶相互作用的化合物的各种实施方案,这类化合物可能影响各种细胞过程,包括胶原的形成和生产。
给出以下制备和实施例,使本领域技术人员能够更清楚地理解和实施本发明。本发明的范围不限于例举的实施方案,后者是为了说明本发明的单个方面,功能相同的方法在本发明的范围内。实际上,除本文所述的实施方案外,由上述说明书和附图来看,本发明的各种修改对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。这类修改在所附的权利要求书范围内。8.实施例
8.1.C-蛋白酶部分氨基酸序列的鉴定
按照Hojima等,1985,J.Biol.Chem.260:15996-16003中提出的方法,由鸡胚器官培养物纯化同质I型原胶原C-蛋白酶。在最后的步骤中,通过SDS中的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离该蛋白。将该蛋白条带电洗脱到滤纸上,用胰蛋白酶原位降解。在反相C18柱(Supelco LC18DB)上分离胰蛋白酶酶解肽,用0.1%三氟乙酸和含有70%乙腈的0.9%三氟乙酸的梯度洗脱。通过飞行时间-基质辅助激光吸收质谱法(Lasermat;Finnigan)分析该柱各个峰的同质性。采用自动分析仪通过Edman降解法对同质部分测序。
正如下面表1和图1A中表示的,获得9个不同肽序列。
表1
氨基酸位置
观察的 tolloid状
肽 序列 BMP-1/pCp-1 BMP-1/pCP-2
1 MEPQEVESLGETYDFDSIMH 252-274 252-274
YAR
2 NTFSR 275-279 275-279
3 GIFLDT 280-285 280-285
4 EVN KP 290-302 290-302
YFEAGVRSPIGQR
5 T 401-411 401-411
LPEPIVSSDSR
6 AYDYLEVR 489-496 489-496
7 LWLK 525-528 525-528
8 R C R 547-562 547-562
EVDECSRPNNGGXEOK
9 N CD K 731-751
SGFVLHDMKHDCKEAGSEHR* 观察的序列来自鸡pCP的胰蛋白酶酶解肽。连续序列上的序列是由人cDNA
编码的不同氨基酸。
其中8个肽含有最初作为人BMP-1鉴定的蛋白(在Wozney等,Science 242:1528-1534中提出)中发现的序列,具有可归因于物种差异的微小保守置换。第9个肽具有一个20个氨基酸序列,该序列在鼠(Fukagawa等,1994,Develop.Biol.163:175-183)和人(Takahara等,1994,J.Biol.Chem.269:32572-32578)组织中鉴定的其中一种较长形式BMP-1的C-末端区中发现。
8.2.C-蛋白酶cDNA的制备和结构
为了分离原胶原C-蛋白酶的cDNA,从正常人皮肤成纤维细胞中提取总RNA(RNAeasy;Qiagen),用随机引物进行反转录(第一链cDNA合成试剂盒;Pharmacia)。用在其中两种来自鸡C-蛋白酶的肽片断(表1中的肽1和肽6)的氨基酸序列基础上设计的一对引物,按上述通过PCR扩增cDNA。具体地说,所用的引物命名为B-3(ATGACTTCGACAGCATCATGC)和B-4(CTCCAGATAGTCGTAGG CACA)。PCR产物用随机引物(Prime-It;Stratagene)进行32P标记,用作探针以筛选由人皮肤成纤维细胞(GRL 1262(具有骨生成缺陷的病人);ATCC)制备的插入λ噬菌体(ZAP II;Stratagene)的cDNA文库。
获得大小为0.16-2.9kb的5个阳性克隆(图1D)。最靠3’-cDNA的序列延伸至3,560碱基对。这些克隆重叠序列的分析显示出编码两个不同长度蛋白的cDNA,一个具有730个氨基酸(pCP-1,参见图6),第二个具有986个氨基酸(pCP-2,参见图7)。图1B和图1C分别表示两个蛋白pCp-1和pCP-2的编码区。正如图1A和图1B所示,两个蛋白的前702个密码子是相同的。然后从第703个氨基酸开始,pCP-2具有编码第二EGF样区和第四和第五CUB区的新序列。除第24位氨基酸外,pCP-1与先前Wozey等,supra提出的BMP-1公开序列相同。与Wozey等,supra报道的BMP-1序列提出的-GAC-密码子(编码第24位氨基酸天冬氨酸)相反,按照上述方法获得的序列包括一个-AAC-密码子(在第24氨基酸位置上编码天冬酰胺)。
8.3.cDNA在哺乳动物细胞系统中的表达
为了表达原胶原C-蛋白酶的cDNA,切割并连接cDNA的重叠克隆,产生全长cDNA。将cDNA插入表达载体pcDNA3(In Vitrogen)中,用来通过用市售试剂盒(Promega)进行磷酸钙沉淀,制备稳定的HT-1080人肿瘤细胞系的转染子。
最初将细胞在80cm2培养皿中含有10%胎牛血清(Cellgrow;MediaTech)的高葡萄糖DMEM培养基中培养24小时,每个培养皿106个细胞。通过与含有10μg线性化质粒的磷酸钙沉淀物温育,转染细胞。培养物在新鲜的培养基中再培养24小时,在80cm2培养皿中进行1∶10(1”10)稀释后,在400μg/ml G418(GIBCO/BRL)选择下生长12天。将抗新霉素克隆转移到12孔微孔滴定板中生长至融合,在2个24孔板中再培养24小时。从1孔细胞层中提取总RNA(RNAeasy;Qiagen),通过1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后用于Northern印迹分析,并转移至硝酸纤维素滤纸上。采用原胶原C-蛋白酶的最短cDNA(pCP-1)的32P标记cDNA作为探针探测这些滤纸。如图2所示,用pCP-1或pCP-2转染的两个克隆具有高水平的相应mRNA。
或者表达pCP-1或者表达pCP-2的抗新霉素克隆的培养即都含有特异性地将I型原胶原切为由于导入C-蛋白酶预测的产物的酶活性。具体地说,或者通过PEG沉淀或者通过膜过滤,分部分离阳性克隆的培养基蛋白。
关于PEG沉淀,将175cm2烧瓶中的2×107细胞在无血清DMEM中培养24小时,按上述方法沉淀培养基(15ml)。在20μl反应缓冲液中部分增溶沉淀的蛋白。关于通过膜过滤的分部分离,使30ml培养基通过截止分子量高的滤器(XM300;Amicon)。第二个滤器(50kDaUltrafree 15;Millipore)用来将流通物浓缩大约500倍,并将该样品转移到反应缓冲液中。每种样品20μl于35℃与5μl反应缓冲液(含有1μg由鸡胚成纤维细胞纯化的14C标记的I型原胶原)温育3小时。该反应产物不用还原,在7.5%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行分离,在磷贮存成象仪上产生一个图象。
如图3所示,在未转染细胞的培养基中没有可检测的C-蛋白酶活性。在还原条件下通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离该样品证实,proα1(I)链的C1亚基和proα1(I)链的C2亚基组装为期望的大小,以2∶1的预期比率获得上述两种亚基。用pCP-2转染并进行部分分离和通过膜过滤浓缩的克隆培养基,得到I型原胶原完全切割为pNα1(I)链、pNα2(I)链和C-前肽(如图3第6泳道所示)。
8.4.在大肠杆菌系统中表达
为了在大肠杆菌系统中表达该蛋白,将含有完全的pCP-2编码序列的cDNA插入作为“标记”(编码位于编码序列5’端6个组氨酸残基)诱导的表达载体(pQE-32载体;Qiagen)中。然后用该载体转染生长的大肠杆菌,后者于30℃用或不用1mM IPTG诱导1-4小时。在用IPTG诱导的细胞系中出现表观分子量大约为100kDa的蛋白条带。
细胞沉淀在含有溶菌酶的缓冲液中裂解、进行超声处理、在含有Triton X-100的裂解缓冲液中再温育,然后用含6M盐酸胍和200mMNaCl的10mM Trsi-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.6)提取。增溶的蛋白在金属亲和柱上进行色谱分离(Talon;Clontech),用100mM咪唑洗脱。通过SDSPAGE和银染分析凝胶部分。如图4所示,以明显同质的形式回收重组蛋白。
为了重折叠该蛋白,采用用来重折叠来自大肠杆菌包涵体的重组间质胶原酶的方法。具体地说,来自金属亲和柱的蛋白用中等强度的变性剂(2M盐酸胍)稀释,以便防止在重折叠过程中沉淀,但允许形成重要的中间产物(参见例如Brems,1988m Biochemistry 27:4541-4546;Ptitsyn,1994,Protein Eng.7:593-596)。然后该蛋白在天然等渗缓冲液中透析。
该重组蛋白在标准反应缓冲液中温育而不用胰凝乳蛋白酶降解进行预先激活时,没有观察到C-蛋白酶活性。用胰凝乳蛋白酶进行有限的降解后,观察到特异性的C-蛋白酶活性(图5中的第1-4泳道)。重折叠重组蛋白的比活大约为从鸡胚腱中分离的C-蛋白酶比活的1/30(图5中第6泳道)。重组蛋白的产量大约为2mg/l。
8.5.C-蛋白酶的合成底物
通过测试一系列合成肽,获得C-蛋白酶的合成底物,这些肽具有在I、II和III型原胶原的四种proα链中C-蛋白酶切割位点-Ala-Asp-和-Gly-Asp-中及其附近发现的序列。尽管已经报道了浓度为1-5mM的肽竞争性地还原14C标记的原胶原底物的切割,但采用该报道浓度最初没有检测到肽的切割。当将该酶浓度增加40-100倍,同时将反应时间从2小时增至8-24小时,通过HPLC、随后通过激光吸收质谱分析反应产物时,8种前肽中的四种被该酶特异性地并且完全切割。
本说明书正文中引用的所有参考文献全部通过引用结合到本文中。
Claims (14)
1.编码C-蛋白酶的核酸序列。
2.权利要求1的核酸序列,其中所述序列示于图6中。
3.权利要求1的核酸序列,其中所述序列示于图7中。
4.编码C-蛋白酶的核酸序列,包含:
(a)图6和图8的核酸序列;
(b)在高度严格杂交条件下可以与图6或图8的核酸序列杂交的核酸序列;或
(c)为步骤(a)或步骤(b)序列的简并序列的核酸序列。
5.由权利要求1编码的多肽。
6.由图6氨基酸序列编码的权利要求5的多肽。
7.由图7氨基酸序列编码的权利要求5的多肽。
8.具有与权利要求5蛋白结合以中断所述多肽与胶原相互作用能力的抗纤维变性化合物。
9.与纤维变性有关的失调或疾病的治疗方法,包括给予有需要的病人药学上有效量的权利要求8的化合物。
10.与纤维变性有关的失调或疾病的治疗方法,包括给予药学上有效量的C-蛋白酶。
11.用权利要求1的DNA序列鉴定调节C-蛋白酶活性的有用化合物的方法。
12.产生重组C-蛋白酶的方法,包括:
(a)在适于表达人C-蛋白酶的条件下在营养培养基中培养细胞,其中所述细胞用包含启动子(操作性地与编码人C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列连接)的表达载体转化;以及
(b)分离人C-蛋白酶。
13.产生重组C-蛋白酶的方法,包括:
(a)在适于表达人C-蛋白酶的条件下在营养培养基中培养细胞,其中所述细胞用包含启动子(操作性地与权利要求1的编码人C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列连接)的表达载体转化;以及
(b)分离人C-蛋白酶。
14.产生重组C-蛋白酶的方法,包括:
(a)在适于表达人C-蛋白酶的条件下在营养培养基中培养细胞,其中所述细胞用包含启动子(操作性地与权利要求4的编码人C-蛋白酶核苷酸序列连接)的表达载体转化;以及
(b)分离人C-蛋白酶。
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US6037139A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2000-03-14 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | System for assaying modulators of procollagen maturation |
US6428978B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2002-08-06 | Cohesion Technologies, Inc. | Methods for the production of gelatin and full-length triple helical collagen in recombinant cells |
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