CN1198440A - 异烯烃,共轭二烯和单个或多个不饱和有机化合物的新三元共聚物 - Google Patents
异烯烃,共轭二烯和单个或多个不饱和有机化合物的新三元共聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1198440A CN1198440A CN98109733A CN98109733A CN1198440A CN 1198440 A CN1198440 A CN 1198440A CN 98109733 A CN98109733 A CN 98109733A CN 98109733 A CN98109733 A CN 98109733A CN 1198440 A CN1198440 A CN 1198440A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon atom
- isoolefine
- unsaturated organic
- organic compound
- isoolefins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021552 Vanadium(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J vanadium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)Cl JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
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- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFXQEHVMCRXUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)CCl CFXQEHVMCRXUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acenaphthene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-2,3-dimethyl-pentane Natural products CCC(C)C(C)C WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUMCUSHVMYIRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tri(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)C)=C1 VUMCUSHVMYIRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAYNEUUHHLGGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCl YAYNEUUHHLGGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZSPYHREEHYLCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FZSPYHREEHYLCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWWIWYDDISJUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-1-ene Chemical group CC(C)C(C)=C OWWIWYDDISJUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSPCSKHALVHRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)Cl BSPCSKHALVHRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclododecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCCCC1 DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002469 indenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QTBFPMKWQKYFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)CCl QTBFPMKWQKYFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentadiene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC1 NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012725 vapour phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/08—Butenes
- C08F210/10—Isobutene
- C08F210/12—Isobutene with conjugated diolefins, e.g. butyl rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供的新型橡胶状的三元共聚物包括异烯烃,共轭二烯和其它的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物以及新型三元共聚物的制备方法。新型三元共聚物被用于生产硫化橡胶,尤其是轮胎。
Description
本发明提供新型橡胶状的三元共聚物包括异烯烃,共轭二烯和其它的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物以及新型三元共聚物的制备方法。
嵌段共聚物:(A)异丁烯,共轭二烯和(B)阳离子或阴离子的可聚合单体,例如苯乙烯或丙烯酸酯,是已知的(JP-05 295 054)。这些共聚物由于它们的嵌段结构显示其缺乏共硫化特性因此不适合用于轮胎领域。
含有至少一个C2-C7-a链烯,例如异丁烯,乙烯或丙烯;和至少一个C4-C14
二烯烃类,例如丁二烯,异戊二烯或环戊二烯的共聚物,也是已知的(DE-A-01 595 573)。这些共聚物具有分子量极低(Mn=3000到15,000g/mol)的特征,因此不适合用于轮胎领域。
而且,异烯烃共聚物,一个二烯烃类例如丁二烯或异戊二烯,和一个阳离子的可聚合的芳族的单体例如苯乙烯,a-甲基苯乙烯或二乙烯基苯,是已知的(DE 884 354,加拿大专利464 086 US2 539 523)。对于聚合物,上述专利所述的实施例,主要显示分子量范围在5000到60000的聚合物,因此他们仅仅适合作为粘合剂以及密封化合物,但是不能用于轮胎领域。
本发明提供新型橡胶状的三元共聚物,其包括含有4-16个碳原子的异烯烃,4-6个碳原子共轭二烯和其它的含有2-20个碳原子,分子量Mw是50,000到2,000,000g/mol的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物,优选分子量为100,000到1,000,000g/mol,其中当烯烃和二烯烃类和不饱和有机化合物总计是100时其摩尔比例是50-99∶0.5-46.5∶0.5-49.5,优选60-98∶1.5-20∶0.5-20。
含有4-16个碳原子的异烯烃,例如异丁烯,2-甲基-1-丁烯,2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯,2-甲基-1-戊烯和b-蒎烯是优选的,更特别的优选为2-甲基-1-丁烯。
可被优先述及的共轭二烯是异戊二烯,丁二烯,2,3-二甲基丁二烯,环戊二烯,甲基环戊二烯,1,3-环己二烯,特别优选异戊二烯。
不能进行阳离子聚合或进行阳离子聚合很困难的烯烃类被看作单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物,优选含有2-20个碳原子的1-链烯,例如乙烯,丙烯,1-丁烯,1-戊烯,1-己烯,1-庚烯,1-辛烯,1-壬烯,1-癸烯,5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯,尤其是乙烯和丙烯。
根据本发明,三元共聚物的门尼粘度是30-100,优选45-80,凝胶含量0%-50%,优选0.5%-5%,且特性粘度为0.5-2,优选1-1.5。
本发明进一步提供了以上提到的三元共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于含有4-16个碳原子的异烯烃与含有4-6个碳原子的共轭二烯和含有2-20个碳原子的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物在四氯化钒/烃溶液为引发剂的条件下聚合,且温度是-100℃到+100℃,优选-70℃到0℃,以及压力为0.001到70巴,优选0.01-10巴,当异烯烃和二烯烃类和不饱和有机化合物总计是100时其摩尔比例是是50-99∶0.5-46.5∶0.5-49.5,优选60-98∶1.5-20∶0.5-20。
根据本发明,制备方法可以连续和不连续的进行。聚合作用可以发生溶液聚合,本体聚合,悬浮聚合,和气相聚合。
根据本发明生产的三元共聚物以四氯化钒/烃溶液为引发剂的系统,是已知的且描述在德国
专利申请DE-A 19 627 529中。
根据本发明,对于聚合作用,使用明确的陈化的四氯化钒/烃溶液是十分重要的,可选择的是与共引发剂结合,如同上文德国专利申请中描述的那样。
根据本发明适合聚合作用的溶剂是脂肪族和/或不含功能团取代基的芳族的(可选择的卤化)烃。溶剂熔点低于20℃是优选的,溶剂熔点低于0℃是特别优选的。
适合的溶剂(脂肪族的)实例为:甲基氯化物,亚甲基氯化物,氯仿,四氯化碳,戊烷,己烷,2,3-二甲基丁烷,庚烷,环己烷,甲基环己烷,氯乙烷,1,1-二氯乙烷,1,2-二氯乙烷,1,1,1-三氯乙烷,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷,五氯乙烷,六氯乙烷,1-氯丙烷,2-氯丙烷,1,2-二氯丙烷,1,2,3-三氯丙烷,1-氯丁烷,2-氯丁烷,1,4-二氯丁烷,1-氯-2-甲基丙烷,1-氯戊烷,2,4-二甲基戊烷,2,2,4-三甲基戊烷,十二烷,1-氯十二烷,石油醚,氯环己烷,环十二烷,萘烷。
芳族的溶剂实例为苯,甲苯,氯苯,1,2-二氯苯,乙苯,二甲苯,1,2,3-三甲基苯,1,2,4-三甲基苯,1,3,5-三甲基苯,二乙基苯,1,2,3,4-四甲基苯,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,五甲基苯,1-异丙基-4-甲基苯,1,3-二异丙基苯,1,4-二异丙基苯,1-叔丁基-3,5-二甲基苯,1,3,5-三异丙基苯。
芳族化合物可选择的作为共引发剂,他们的特征在于有多环的(至少二环)芳族化合物和/或可以被烷基或链烯基团取代的芳香杂环烃的特征。二,三和四环的体系是优选的。适合的化合物实例为:萘,蒽,茚苯并呋喃,咔唑,n-乙烯基咔唑,联二苯,对三联苯,二氢苊,苊,荧蒽,芴,菲,芘或辛基二苯胺(来自拜耳公司Vulkanox OCD)。
引发剂的陈化条件依靠于所使用的溶剂。在发明定义中适合于引发剂陈化的溶剂为烃,尤其是不含功能取代基的含有4-20个碳原子的且沸点高于-20℃的脂肪族和芳族的。溶剂的熔点低于20℃是优选的,溶剂的熔点低于0℃是特别优选的。烃的实例为:戊烷,己烷,2,3-二甲基丁烷,庚烷,环戊烷,和/或甲基环己烷,戊烷和己烷是特别优选的。
在理论上,引发剂的陈化可发生在较宽的温度范围内并且仅仅受所使用溶剂的熔点和沸点的限制。温度范围0-40℃是优选的,+10℃到+30℃是特别优选的。陈化可在光照或黑暗下发生。
日光是优选的,人造光(在可见或紫外范围内)(例如,白炽灯或汞放电灯)也可被使用。
最佳的陈化时间取决于所使用的溶剂,温度,光强和溶剂浓度。陈化时间从几分钟到几个星期都是有可能的,陈化时间由几个小时到几天是优选的,1小时到24小时是特别优选的。
陈化期间四氯化钒的浓度在0.01mmol/l溶剂到10mol/l溶剂范围内。引发剂可以在有或没有共引发剂时被陈化。在优先的实施例中在没有共引发剂时发生陈化。陈化的引发剂可以直接被用于引发聚合作用或为了分离不溶解的成分进行过滤。
为了除去杂质特别是水分,可以可选地向单体混合物中加入碱和碱土金属,它们与周期系中(门捷列夫)I,II,III和IV族金
属的汞化合物或氢化合物的混合物,作为干燥剂。
根据本发明的制备方法,所用的引发剂的用量是0.001mmol至100mmol,优选是0.01mmol/mol异烯烃。最合适的用量可以在每个相应的预备试验中测定。
溶剂用量是0.1至50kg,优选是每kg单体混合物0.1至10kg。
在这种情况下,最优选的溶剂量易由相应地预试验决定。
根据本发明,制备方法优先不连续的进行,如下例所示:溶剂,共引发剂和单体放入已经冷却到反应温度的反应器中。以速率1ml/小时至1000ml/小时抽刀引发剂,直至放热反应开始发生。所有的操作是在有保护气或轻微真空下进行的。反应的进行伴随热量挥发。当放热反应结束时,在乙醇中溶解的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基-苯酚用来中止反应并且将对应的三元共聚物分离出来。
令人惊奇的是,新型橡胶状的三元共聚物,其包括异烯烃,共轭二烯和单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物且具有高分子量因此特别令人满意地适用于轮胎制造,例如可用本发明的制备方法生产。三元共聚物的物理性质可与以异烯烃和二烯烃类为基础的共聚物相比;制备方法的性质也是十分有利的,就象相应的尼粘度所体现的那样。
实施例
在30℃时,试样浓度12.5g/l溶解24小时之后,在甲苯中测定凝胶含量。用超速离心法分离不溶解的成分(1小时20,000rpm 25℃)。
在30℃时,用乌伯娄德毛细管测定法在甲苯中测定可溶成分的溶液粘度h。
由溶液粘度计算分子量Mv,根据下式来计算的:ln(Mv)=12.48+1.565*lnh。
温度控制在125℃8分钟后测定门尼粘度。
在室温下测定,催化剂溶液的紫外光谱,使用Perkin-Elmer紫外分光计,未稀释的催化剂溶液在测定池中层厚度是0.01mm。
除非有另外规定,在使用溶剂之前,所用的溶剂在氩气氛中的氢化钙上蒸馏以提纯它们。
在聚合作用中使用的异丁烯为了干燥经过氧化铝中填充钠的柱子。
除去稳定剂,在有氩时异戊二烯用填充干燥氧化铝的柱子过滤并且被用于聚合作用。
在使用之前,另一些共聚用单体在氩气中的氢化钙上蒸馏得到提纯。
用H1-NMR和13C-NMR测定含有不同单体的结合速率和结合类型。
实施例1
在有氩的条件下,在500ml己烷中加入24.1g(0.125mol)四氯化钒。溶液暴露于日光下且轻微搅拌七天,观察到红颜色明显的加深并且产生了少量的固体被吸收。这些颜色变化的程度能从紫外光谱的比较中看出来,如下图所示,它与每一种情况一起表示出来。
紫外光谱与陈化时间的关系
沉降下来的固体(<<1%)在有氩存在时被过滤。剩下的溶液在有氩存在时保存且用于引发聚合作用。
如果恰当地保存,这些溶液能被使用几个星期。在保存时会有少量的混浊生成,可通过过滤除去。
实施例2
在-50℃有氩气存在下,400g(7.14mol)的异丁烯,11.918g(0.175mol)的异戊二烯,100g(2.376mol)的丙烯和0.036g(0.2mmol)的蒽反应。避光且在15分钟内逐滴加入根据实施例1制备的6.4ml引发剂溶液。由于粘度增加30分钟之后微弱的放热反应停止,在250ml乙醇中加入含有1g 2,2′-亚甲基-双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(Vulkanox BKF from Bayer AG,Leverkusen)的预冷却溶液轻轻倒出液体之后,用2.51甲醇清洗沉降的聚合物,然后滚压成薄片且在真空中50℃时干燥一天(产率:157g=30.6%)。
用这些方法可以得到门尼值为52.5,凝胶含量为46%,且特性粘度为0.75dl/g Mv=167,700的无色聚合物。
用NMR法测定下列单体含量:
异戊二烯 2.5+/-0.2mol%
异丁烯 87.7+/-0.9mol%
丙烯 9.8+/-0.9mol%
实施例3
在-50℃有氩气存在下,300g(5.35mol)的异丁烯,11.918g(0.175mol)的异戊二烯,200g(4.752mol)的丙烯,0.036g(0.2mmol)的蒽反应。在实施例2的条件下发生聚合。
产率:45.5g=8.9%
用这些方法可以得到门尼值为12,凝胶含量为42%,且特性粘度为0.217dl/g Mv=24,100的无色聚合物。
用NMR法测定下列单体含量的结果是:
异戊二烯 3.6+/-0.2mol%
异丁烯 81.0+/-0.5mol%
丙烯 15.4+/-0.5mol%
实施例4(比较实施例)
在-50℃有氩气存在下,200g(3.57mol)的异丁烯,11.918g(0.175mol)的异戊二烯,300g(7.128mol)的丙烯,0.036g(0.2mmol)的蒽反应。在实施例2的条件下发生聚合。
产率:3.4g=0.7%
因为这些聚合物的产率低所以没有进行其它的研究。这些实施例清楚地显示出一种趋势,已经在实施例3中证明,当丙烯浓度增加时产率和门尼值减小。
实施例5
在-40℃有氩气存在下,400g(7.14mol)的异丁烯,11.918g(0.175mol)的异戊二烯,100g(0.83mol)的5-乙烯基2-降冰片烯,0.036g(0.2mmol)的蒽反应。在实施例2的条件下发生聚合。
产率:53.7g=10.5%
用这些方法可以制得凝胶含量为0.5%,特性粘度为0.391dl/g Mv=60,500的含有少量浅灰色的聚合物。
用NMR法测定下列单体含量:
异戊二烯 2.2mol%
异丁烯 92.1mol%
丙烯 1.7mol%
Claims (3)
1、三元共聚物,包括含有4-16个碳原子的异烯烃,含有4-6个碳原子共轭二烯和其它的含有2-20个碳原子的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物,分子量Mw是50,000到2,000,000g/mol
其中,异烯烃和二烯烃类和不饱和有机化合物总计是100时,其摩尔比例是50-99∶0.5-46.5∶0.5-49.5。
2、一种制备根据权利要求1所述的三元共聚物的方法,其特征在于含有4-16个碳原子的异烯烃与含有4-6个碳原子的共轭二烯和含有2-20个碳原子的单个或多个不饱和的有机化合物在四氯化钒/烃溶液为引发剂的条件下聚合,共引发剂是可选择加入的,在温度是-100℃到+100℃且压力为0.001到70巴,其中,异烯烃和二烯烃类和不饱和有机化合物总计为100时,其摩尔比例为50-99∶0.5-46.5∶0.5-49.5。
3、将根据权利要求1所述的三元共聚物用于生产硫化橡胶,尤其是轮胎。
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DE19718201A DE19718201A1 (de) | 1997-04-30 | 1997-04-30 | Neue Terpolymere aus Isoolefinen, konjugierten Diolefinen und ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten organischen Verbindungen |
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JP (1) | JPH10298241A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19980081857A (zh) |
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TWI229089B (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2005-03-11 | Bayer Ag | Halogenated, high molecular weight, gel-free isobutene copolymers with elevated double bond contents |
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HU172849B (hu) * | 1975-08-19 | 1978-12-28 | Muenyagipari Kutato Intezet | Sposob poluchenija ehlastomernogo kopolimera iz izobutilena i butadiena |
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1998
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- 1998-04-27 CA CA002236010A patent/CA2236010A1/en not_active Abandoned
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KR19980081857A (ko) | 1998-11-25 |
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