CN1196917A - 弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件 - Google Patents

弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件 Download PDF

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CN1196917A
CN1196917A CN98106319A CN98106319A CN1196917A CN 1196917 A CN1196917 A CN 1196917A CN 98106319 A CN98106319 A CN 98106319A CN 98106319 A CN98106319 A CN 98106319A CN 1196917 A CN1196917 A CN 1196917A
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spring
pressure buffer
leaf spring
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forefoot
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利德·莫斯勒
马丁·普什
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Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
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Abstract

一种用于假足的弹簧弹性的足嵌入件,它至少有一个板簧。为了提高结构强度,按本发明建议,至少其中一个板簧由至少两个并联的板簧元件组成,它们互相并列并在它们的两个端部区互相连接,在这两个端部区之间这两个板簧元件彼此之间有一内部净间距,在这两个端部区中的至少一个内的连接设计成弯曲刚性的。

Description

弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件
本发明涉及一种弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件，它至少有一个板簧。
例如在US-A-4959073、DE 4038063C2和DE 4205900A1、在FR-A1-2640499以及在德国实用新型G9315665.0.中公开了一些弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件。在这里使用的板簧都承受极高的负荷。在这种情况下，采用的弹簧可以用碳复合材料、钛或其他适用的材料制造。功能上需要的变形导致高的应力，然而所采用的板簧的疲劳强度往往不足以承受如此高的应力。
本发明的目的是提高在弹簧弹性的足嵌入件中所使用的板簧的结构强度。
按本发明为达到此目的采取的措施是，使至少其中一个板簧由至少两个并联的板簧元件组成，它们互相并列并在它们的两个端部区互相连接，而在这两个端部区之间则彼此有一内部净间距。
单纯将材料加厚通常并不能解决上述问题，然而通过将两个较软的弹簧并联却可以特别有效地提高结构强度，无需按不希望的方式改变所需要的弹簧特性。
根据板簧造型和功能，应注意在两个板簧元件之间有足够的净间距，以避免在板簧变形时板簧元件过早相碰并因而避免突然改变弹簧特性。
为了获得所要求的疲劳强度，合乎目的的是至少在两个端部区之一中在这两个板簧元件之间装有一定距器。
此外，为了影响足嵌入件的总刚度，最好两个构成足前部弹簧的板簧元件，在形成在它们之间的内部净间距区内支承在压力缓冲器上，后者设计为弹簧弹性的或设计为刚性的定距器。在这种情况下有利的是，此压力缓冲垫可用不同刚度或不同弹簧特性的压力缓冲垫替换。但是刚度或弹簧特性也可以通过沿板簧元件的纵向移动一机械式的定距器来改变。
为了能影响刚度，按本发明控制在两个构成足前部弹簧的板簧元件之间的净间距。按本发明力图利用此控制功能，将刚度作为患者的步行动力学的函数加以调整。按本发明压力缓冲器可以采用一种充气的压力缓冲垫，它在充满状态无压紧力地与构成足前部弹簧的两个板簧元件接触，亦即此板簧无预紧力。为了能将此类充气的压力缓冲垫用作可控制的定距器，按本发明将此压力缓冲垫连接在气泵组件的压送管上，气泵组件与足嵌入件一起组合在假足内，并可根据患者的体重和/或通过患者的活动操纵。此外，在这种情况下有利的是，气泵组件装在设计为C形的足后跟弹簧的边之间，使得它的工作行程是足后跟弹簧弹性变形的函数。因为足后跟的弹簧行程通常调整为比足前部弹簧的弹簧行程小得多，所以足后跟行程对步态的影响较小。因此按本发明利用足后跟的变形来控制足前部的刚度。按此结构设计在足后跟弹簧压缩时上面曾提及的气泵组件供气。
患者的行走动力学是他日常状况的函数，但也是他当时活动的函数。可以设想出完全通过一种逐渐的适应系统(如上面介绍的借助于气垫)来适应于日常状况的函数，而适应瞬时的活动(例如在工作地点)有时必须非常快速地实际上从这一步到下一步地进行。然而气动系统几乎没有可能完成这种快速的适应。
为了实现假足对患者实时的行走动力学快速和自动的适应，按本发明建议，机械式地由足后跟着地的强度，引出设计为刚性定距器的压力缓冲器在构成足前部弹簧的板簧元件之间的纵向移动。一种结构方案可以是，设计为C形的足后跟弹簧通过其在足前部弹簧后端部区下方的上边与足前部弹簧连接，并通过其下部的自由边端经由一根连杆这样与压力缓冲器连接，即，当在患者引起的足后跟弹簧压缩时，连杆将压力缓冲器沿着朝足前部弹簧前端部区的方向移动。若在迅速均匀的步伐中患者有力地踩在足后跟上，则连杆将定距器进一步向前推移。接着而来的足前部负荷固定了定距器的位置。因此患者可借助于比较刚硬的足前部杠杆，实施一种比他用较软的足前部杠杆可能实施的更长的步伐。当足前部卸载后，定距器的固定被取消并可返回其起始位置。这样一种结构允许对每一步都有适配的足前部弹簧的硬度，这在强烈变化的活动中是有利的。
本发明的其他特征是从属权利要求的内容，并结合本发明的其他优点借助于实施例详细说明。
附图中示意表示了一些作为举例用的本发明的实施例，附图中：
图1为具有一个由C形弹簧和足底或足前部弹簧组成的弹簧弹性足嵌入件的假足侧视图；
图2所示为在按本发明的一种实施形式中的按图1的C形弹簧；
图3为在按图1的视图中的一种略有变化的气动式自适应式假足实施形式；
图4为在按图3的视图中的一种略有变化的机械式自适应式假足实施形式；
图5所示为在纵剖面矢状面内带弹簧弹性的压力缓冲器的足前部弹簧；以及
图6所示为在按图5的视图中的一种带可通过手操纵沿纵向移动地布置着的定距器的足前部弹簧。
在图1中表示的无关节假足有一个用点划线表示的装饰性外壳1，外壳围绕着一弹簧弹性的足嵌入件。后者主要由一C形弹簧2组成，C形弹簧的下边与足底或足前部弹簧3的后端用螺钉连接。C形弹簧2的上边与一适配器4用螺钉连接，假足通过适配器可连接在假腿上。
由图2可见按本发明的C形弹簧2的设计结构。C形弹簧2由两个并联的板簧元件5、6组成，它们互相并列，彼此大体平行地延伸，在它们的两个端部区A、B互相连接，以及在这两个端部区之间，这两个板簧元件彼此之间有一个内部净间距7。在这两个端部区A、B内，在两个板簧元件5、6之间各设有一定距器8。
图3概略地示意表示用于弹簧弹性的足嵌入件的一种略有变化的实施形式。它包括一个设计为C形的足后跟弹簧2′，足后跟弹簧通过其上部边在足前部弹簧3后端部区B的下方与该足前部弹簧3用螺钉连接。足前部弹簧3由两个并联的板簧元件9、10组成，它们互相并列，并在其两个端部区A、B弯曲刚性地互相连接。其中只是在后端区B在两个板簧元件9、10之间装有一定距器8。在两个端部区A、B之间，这两个板簧元件9、10彼此有一内部净间距7，间距内装入一个弹簧弹性的压力缓冲器11，后者无应力地与两个板簧元件9、10接触。
此压力缓冲器11按示意的实施例是一个充空气的压力缓冲垫，它连接在气泵组件12的压送管上，气泵组件与弹簧弹性的足嵌入件2、3一起组合在假足内，并可根据患者的体重和/或通过患者的活动操纵。在此实施例中气泵组件12这样装在足后跟弹簧2′的边之间，即，在足后跟加载时，亦即在足后跟弹簧2′压缩时，气泵组件12供气并将空气压入压力缓冲器11中。
在按图4的实施形式中，足后跟弹簧2′和足前部弹簧3与图3中的基本一致。但是在图4中表示用一种机械式的适应机构代替气动式的适应机构。在这里，足后跟弹簧2′的下部自由边端13通过一连杆14与构成一刚性定距器的一压力缓冲器11′在运动学上连系起来。连杆14向前指的那一端可沿纵向移动地插入一个位于压力缓冲器11′侧面的滑环15中，后面通过一挡板16贴靠在滑环15上，以及以其自由端通过弹簧17支承在滑环15上。当患者在迅速均匀的步伐中有力地踩在足后跟上时，足后跟弹簧2′的变形导致连杆14移动，连杆通过其挡板16将压力缓冲器11′进一步向前移，在那里它被随之而来的足前部的负荷固定住。弹簧17可使足后跟弹簧2′回弹，与此同时不改变压力缓冲器11′的位置。在足前部卸荷后取消定距器的固定，因此在设计得较软的弹簧17的作用下定距器重新回到它的起始位置。
因此在所建议的这一方案中实现了假足对患者的实时行走动力学的一种快速和自动的适应，其中，两层的足前部弹簧的刚度借助于一可纵向移动的机械式定距器来调整，而定距器的控制则通过足后跟着地的强度来实施。
图5表示了一种足前部弹簧3，它在其两个板簧元件9、10之间的净间距7内容纳压力缓冲器11，该缓冲器如箭头18所示可沿足前部弹簧的纵向移动，或在图中所表示的位置下可被压缩。
图6表示一种与图5中类似的足前部弹簧3，它的设计为刚性的定距器的压力弹簧器11′可通过调节元件19沿纵向移动。此调节元件19设计为丝杆，压力缓冲器11′借助于一个图中没有进一步表示的丝杆螺母在此丝杆上移动。丝杆的后端从足前部弹簧3的后端区B伸出，在那里可以通过一旋钮20手动操纵。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于假足的弹簧弹性的足嵌入件，它至少有一个板簧(2、3)，其特征在于：至少其中一个板簧(2、3)由至少两个并联的板簧元件(5、6；9、10)组成，它们互相并列并在它们的两个端部区(A、B)互相连接，在这两个端部区之间所述板簧元件彼此之间有一内部净间距(7)，在这两个端部区(A、B)中的至少一个内的连接设计成弯曲刚性的。
2.按照权利要求1所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：至少在两个端部区(A、B)之一中在两个板簧元件(5、6；9、10)之间装有一定距器(8)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：两个构成足前部弹簧(3)的板簧元件(9、10)，在形成于它们之间的内部净间距区(7)内支承在一压力缓冲器(11；11′)上。
4.按照权利要求3所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：所述压力缓冲器(11)设计为弹簧弹性的。
5.按照权利要求3所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：所述压力缓冲器(11′)设计为刚性的定距器。
6.按照权利要求3、4或5所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：所述压力缓冲器(11；11′)设置成可更换的。
7.按照权利要求3至6中任一项所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：所述压力缓冲器(11′)设置成可在两个板簧元件(9、10)之间沿它们的纵向移动。
8.按照权利要求7所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：为了使压力缓冲器(11′)沿纵向移动设一调整装置(19、20)，它的手动操纵的调节元件(19)从足前部弹簧(3)的后端部区(B)伸出。
9.按照权利要求7所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：设计为C形的足后跟弹簧(2′)通过其在足前部弹簧(3)后端部区(B)下方的上边与足前部弹簧连接，并通过其下部的自由边端(13)经由连杆(14)这样与压力缓冲器(11′)连接，即，当在患者引起的足后跟弹簧(2′)压缩时，连杆(14)将压力缓冲器(11′)沿着朝足前部弹簧(3)前端部区(A)的方向移动。
10.按照权利要求4所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：所述压力缓冲器(11)是一个充气的压力缓冲垫。
11.按照权利要求10所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：充气的压力缓冲垫在充满状态无应力地与两个板簧元件(9、10)接触。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：压力缓冲垫连接在气泵组件(12)的压送管上，气泵组件与足嵌入件(2′、3)一起组装在假足内，并可根据患者的体重和/或通过患者的活动操纵。
13.按照权利要求12所述的足嵌入件，其特征在于：气泵组件(12)装在设计为C形的足后跟弹簧(2′)的边之间，使得它的工作行程是足后跟弹簧(2′)弹性变形的函数。
CN98106319A 1997-04-24 1998-04-06 弹簧弹性的假足嵌入件 Expired - Lifetime CN1127943C (zh)

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