CN1184878A - 建筑构件 - Google Patents

建筑构件 Download PDF

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CN1184878A
CN1184878A CN97114169A CN97114169A CN1184878A CN 1184878 A CN1184878 A CN 1184878A CN 97114169 A CN97114169 A CN 97114169A CN 97114169 A CN97114169 A CN 97114169A CN 1184878 A CN1184878 A CN 1184878A
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building unit
hole
slider
steel mesh
concrete
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CN1131913C (zh
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克劳斯·里特
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EVG Entwicklungs und Verwertungs GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

建筑构件,由两个相互平行的焊制的钢筋网(1、2)构成,这两个钢筋网被平直的、与两个钢筋网连接在一起的横撑钢筋(7、7’)、以预定的相互间隔固定,该建筑构件还包括隔离体(8),隔离体表面(9、9’)与钢筋网平行并与钢筋网保持一预定的间隔,隔离体被横撑钢筋穿透。

Description

建筑构件
本发明涉及一种建筑构件，该构件由两个相互平行的焊制的钢筋网构成，这两个钢筋网用平直的、与两个钢筋网连接在一起的横撑钢筋以预定的相互间隔固定，并包括隔离体，隔离体表面与钢筋网平行并与钢筋网保持一预定的间隔，隔离体被横撑钢筋穿透。
在WO 94/28264中记载了这样一种建筑构件。其中建筑构件的隔离体具有空腔，但该空腔并未延伸到隔离体的表面。在工地上分别用混凝土或砂浆层覆盖构成钢筋网的两个表面。这种构件的缺点在于，由于两个混凝土薄壳在很宽的频率范围内产生共振，因而其隔音效果并不令人满意。
在US-B-44524702中记载了一种建筑构件，该构件具有一隔离体，该隔离体具有几个分别由一根横撑加强的通孔。这种构件在建筑工地现场由各部分，即钢筋网、隔离体和横撑组装，并且最后用混凝土覆盖钢筋网两侧。其中通孔同样用混凝土填充，从而建立起两个混凝土壁间的连接。采用此种方法的缺点在于，在工地上才将构件组装完毕。另外在美国专利说明书中对通孔的数量和尺寸也未做出进一步的表述。
本发明的任务在于，避免已知材料的所述缺点并提出一种可预制好提供工地的并具有除良好的保温效果外，还具有在整个可听频率范围内良好隔音效果的建筑构件。依照本发明，对于本说明书引言部分中所述的建筑构件而言，该任务的解决方案是，在隔离体的表面间至少形成一个平直的通孔。
根据本发明，通孔或至少一个通孔垂直于隔离体的表面伸展。根据本发明的另一特征，通孔或至少一个通孔以预定角度倾斜于隔离体表面伸展，其中当将构件作为垂直竖立的壁件使用时通孔自上而下倾斜伸展。其中每个斜向通孔优选平行于钢筋网的纵向钢筋和/或横向钢筋。
依照本发明，每个通孔具有直径从50至100mm的圆截面。
本发明还涉及一种盖覆上述方式建筑构件的方法。该方法的过程如下，在为构成构件外侧面而确定的外钢筋网上覆盖有混凝土外薄壳并在为构成构件内侧面而确定的内网筋网上覆盖有混凝土内薄壳并且同时用混凝土腹板充满每个通孔，该腹板使混凝土外薄壳与混凝土内薄壳实现了合适的力连接。
采用本发明实现了建筑构件在工厂的预制并且该构件具有最佳的隔离和保温性能，同时还具有承载负荷高等优点。
下面将根据与附图相关的一个实施例对本发明的进一步特征和优点做详细说明。图中示出：
图1是本发明建筑构件的局部俯视图；
图2是沿图1中II-II线的截面图；
图3是用混凝土浇注的建筑构件的截面图。
在图1的局部图和图2沿II-II线的截面图中示出的本发明的建筑构件由按预定间隔平行设置的一个外钢筋网1和一个内钢筋网2构成。每个钢筋网1及2由多根纵向钢筋3及4和多根横向钢筋5及6构成，这些钢筋相互交叉并且在交叉点被焊接在一起。根据对建筑构件的静力要求选择纵向钢筋3、4的相互间隔和横向钢筋5、6的相互间隔并且例如使该间隔为从50至150mm，其中根据本发明，该间隔可以大小相同或不同，同样根据静力要求对纵向钢筋和横向钢筋3、4及5、6的直径进行选择并且使该直径范围优选从2至6mm。根据本发明，钢筋网3、4、5、6的表面可以是光滑的或肋骨状的。
两个钢筋网1、2相互通过多根横撑钢筋7、7’连接成一个形状固定的网格体。横撑钢筋7、7’的端部分别与两个钢筋网1、2的钢筋焊接在一起，其中根据本发明，横撑钢筋7、7’或者如图1所示与某纵向钢筋3、4或者与横向钢筋5、6焊接在一起。横撑钢筋7、7’相互交替反向倾斜，即桁架式设置，从而实现网格体的抗剪切应力加固。
在钢筋网1、2间的中间空间内与钢筋网有预定间隔地设置有一个隔离体8，隔离体的表面9及9’平行于钢筋网1、2。隔离体8用于保温和隔音并由诸如聚苯乙烯或聚氨酯泡沫等泡沫塑料构成。隔离体8的厚度可任选并且例如可从20至200mm。隔离体8与钢筋网1、2的间隔同样是可任选的并且例如可从10至30mm。可以制做任意长度和宽度的构件，其中基于对制做工艺的考虑经证明最小长度100cm和标准宽度60cm、100cm、110cm、120cm是有益的。
在隔离体8上形成多个通孔10、11、11’，这些孔垂直于隔离体8的表面9、9’和/或以选定的角度分别倾斜于隔离体8的表面9、9’。可在隔离体8上钻出通孔10、11、11’或在隔离体上冲压出这些通孔。根据本发明也可以在制做隔离体8时通过模具的型压留出通孔10、11、11’。在采用建筑构件作为垂直竖立的墙壁时，倾斜伸展的通孔11、11’的方向的选择应使至少一种类型的通孔11及11’由上至下倾斜伸展，其中其方向平行于钢筋网1、2的纵向钢筋3、4和/或平行于横向钢筋5、6伸展。对所有通孔10、11、11’的数量、尺寸和分布可任选。为了使建筑构件的保温性能不致变坏，通孔的数量不能过多，其尺寸不能过大。通孔的数量例如为每平方米2至6个。同样通孔10、11、11’的形状是可以任意选择的并且例如可以是方形、矩形或圆形。在通孔10、11、11’的截面为圆形时其直径宜在50至100mm的范围内。根据本发明，通孔10、11、11’在建筑构件上的分布可以是有规律的或优选是随机的。为了避免产生共振效应，通孔10、11、11’的分布优选为随机的和非对称的。
图3是本发明建筑构件的截面图，该图与图2中所示的截面相符，其中该构件具有覆盖外钢筋网1的外混凝土薄壳12和覆盖内钢筋网2的内混凝土薄壳13。其中分别用垂直的、连接两个混凝土薄壳12、13的混凝土横腹板14充满垂直的通孔10并分别用同样倾斜伸展的、连接两个混凝土薄壳12、13的混凝土腹板14’的充满倾斜伸展的通孔11、11’。对混凝土薄壳12、13和混凝土横腹板14、14’可以采用喷浆或浇注方法制做。

Claims (8)

1、建筑构件，由两个相互平行焊制的钢筋网构成，这两个钢筋网被平直的、与两个钢筋钢连接在一起的横撑钢筋以预定的相互间隔固定，该种建筑构件还包括一隔离体，隔离体表面与钢筋网平行并与钢筋网保持一预定的间隔，隔离体被横撑钢筋穿透，其特征在于：在隔离体(8)的两个表面(9、9’)间至少形成一个平直的通孔(10、11、11’)。
2、依照权利要求1的建筑构件，其特征在于：通孔或至少一个通孔(10)垂直于隔离体(8)的表面(9、9’)伸展。
3、依照权利要求1的建筑构件，其特征在于：通孔或至少一个通孔(11、11’)以预定的角度倾斜于隔离体(8)的表面(9、9’)伸展，其中在用建筑构件作为垂直竖立的壁件时通孔由上向下倾斜伸展。
4、依照权利要求3的建筑构件，其特征在于：每个斜向通孔(11、11’)平行于钢筋网(1、2)的纵向钢筋(3、4)和/或平行于横向钢筋(5、6)。
5、依照权利要求1至4中任一项的建筑构件，其特征在于：隔离体(8)在每平方米上具有2至6个通孔(10、11、11’)。
6、依照权利要求1至5中任一项的建筑构件，其特征在于：每个通孔(10、11、11’)具有直径从50至100mm的圆截面。
7、依照权利要求1至6中任一项的建筑构件，其特征在于：在建筑构件上的通孔分布是任意的。
8、用于盖覆依照权利要求1至7中任一项的建筑构件的方法，其特征在于：在为形成建筑构件外侧面而确定的外钢筋网(1)上覆盖有混凝土外薄壳(12)并且在为形成建筑构件内侧面而确定的内钢筋网(2)上覆盖有混凝土内薄壳(13)并且每个通孔(10、11、11’)同时用混凝土腹板(14、14’)充满，该混凝土腹板将混凝土外薄壳(12)与混凝土内薄壳(13)以合适的力相互连接。
CN97114169A 1996-11-21 1997-11-20 建筑构件 Expired - Fee Related CN1131913C (zh)

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AT2031A/1996 1996-11-21
AT2031A/96 1996-11-21
AT0203196A AT410688B (de) 1996-11-21 1996-11-21 Bauelement

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US (1) US6185890B1 (zh)
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AR (1) AR010635A1 (zh)
AT (1) AT410688B (zh)
BR (1) BR9701305A (zh)
CO (1) CO4700354A1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1011876A1 (zh)
IT (1) IT1295877B1 (zh)
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US6185890B1 (en) 2001-02-13
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AR010635A1 (es) 2000-06-28
ATA203196A (de) 2002-11-15
CN1131913C (zh) 2003-12-24
ITMI972403A1 (it) 1999-04-24
AT410688B (de) 2003-06-25
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BR9701305A (pt) 1998-11-10
MY115705A (en) 2003-08-30

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