CN1184459A - 含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆的应用 - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 silicon Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZBQLSHTXSSTFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C+4].[O-2].[Mg+2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [C+4].[O-2].[Mg+2].[O-2].[O-2] ZBQLSHTXSSTFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011459 moulded brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
- F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/10—Monolithic linings; Supports therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆的应用,料浆以易水合的金属氧化物如MgO为主要成分,并含有碳、分散剂和活性硅酸以形成用于冶金熔化容器的整块衬里。
Description
本发明涉及一种含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆的应用,所述浇注料浆以易水合的金属氧化物,如MgO,特别是烧结氧化镁形式的MgO为主要成分。
氧化镁碳砖(MgO-C-砖)长期以来成功地用作制造钢材设备中的耐火衬里。这些砖主要由氧化镁(MgO),特别是烧结或熔化形式的氧化镁和碳组成。它们在未焙烧的状态下使用,应用温度最高达1800℃。它们的主要特征是:良好的温度变化行为、良好的导热性和特别是良好地抗腐蚀性渣。氧化镁和碳的必需的紧密结构很大程度上受所用的粘合剂影响。
DE 42 07 249 Cl描述了制造MgO-C-砖的方法,其中用脂肪族有机聚合物作为粘合剂。这种粘合剂的特征在于有机部分在较高温度下分解,而没有残留物和污染释放。至多余留无害的无机残留物。
这类砖用于浇注桶的炉渣带,例如可见“Veitsch-RadexRundschau”,编号1-2/1994,494。然而除了整体构成桶衬里之外,所述MgO-C-砖也已用于炉渣带中,以在特别是受到腐蚀性冶金炉渣危害的该区域中使耐火衬里的稳定性达到大约与整体衬里的部分相同的水平。本发明的目的是提供一种可能性,即根据本发明,受腐蚀危害的壁区域,特别是炉渣区域也可用耐火浇注料浆整体衬里。
在此采用具有DE 42 07 249 Cl所公开配方的材料是不可能的,因为镁砂组分极易水合,并且加入水时导致氧化镁(MgO)的水合作用,而水在浇注料浆中是绝对必需的。这也正是根据“Veitsch-RadexRundschau”D(如上述),在干燥条件下加工的MgO-C-砖用于炉渣区的原因。
根据本发明,成功地提供一种含水耐火陶瓷注浇料浆,它以易水合的金属氧化物,如MgO为主要成分,其中碳含量为3至10%(重量),其中尽管含水,但阻止了MgO的水合作用。
本发明以这样的认识为基础,即另外两个特征对此是必要的。首先,碳组分必须充分分散于浇注料浆。这通过加入占料浆固体组分0.1至2.0%(重量)的分散剂实现。
利用此方法,省去了碳的亲水化处理,而所述亲水化处理根据DE4317383 Al,在先有技术中是绝对必须的。
而且,浇注料浆包含占料浆固体组分1.0至10.0%(重量)的活性硅酸,例如可以以微硅石(micro silica)形式加入,它对阻止烧结氧化镁的水合作用起主要作用。
据此,本发明在其最普通的实施方案中涉及含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆的应用,它以易水合的金属氧化物,如MgO为主要成分,含碳量为3至10%(重量),分散剂的量为0.1至2.0%(重量),活性硅酸的量为1.0至10.0%(重量),这些均以料浆的固体组分含量为基准,所述料浆用于整体衬里或修复冶金熔化容器,如浇注桶的特别是受腐蚀危害的区域。
所述的浇注料浆可通过在振动下装料而注入相应的模板上,正如“Veitsch-Radex Rundschau”(如上述)中以富矾土浇注料浆为例说明的那样。由此,冶金熔化容器的耐火衬里可用所述的浇注料浆全部或部分地实现。因此,炉渣区域与MgO-C-砖分离的衬里可用整体衬里代替。显而易见,由此产生了衬里技术的优点。所述的整体浇注料浆达到了与所述MgO-C-砖几乎相同的稳定性。
因此,不必再使用根据模制技术,利用高压由干燥的原料制成的模制氧化镁碳产物。的确,同样相对较高的密度如所述模制产物的情况一样只有通过振动(或撞击)获得。例如,利用整块衬里技术获得的孔隙率异常低,为10至12%。
在低温范围内(最高达约300℃),分散的碳主要对料浆的稳定性起作用,在高温范围内(700℃以上),实现了料浆的连续陶瓷结合,这主要由活性硅酸的含量决定。
例如,碳不必额外处理,也就是说不必象DE 43 17383Al提出的那样形成亲水涂层。
也可省去MgO组分耐水合作用的涂层(憎水化)。
例如,碳载体以碳黑和/或石墨的形式加入。碳载体应具有1.0至500μm(优选10至300μm)的粒径。在混合水(一般占料浆固体组分重量的3至8%)的存在下,分散剂导致可能的碳团块分散,因此导致在浇注料浆中制备均匀细粒的碳载体。例如上述比例在所述范围内,则混合水含量约6%(重量)(5至7%,重量)一般是足够的。
在所述料浆中可完全省去单独加入粘合剂,特别是水泥的操作。然而,可向料浆中加入其它添加剂,如煅烧的氧化铝、碳化硅、金属,特别是Si,还有其它氧化物,如二氧化锆(ZrO2)、ZrSO4等,但其含量一般应不超过料浆固体组分总量的5.0%(重量)。
这类添加剂可作为分散剂对碳粒有良好的分散效果。还包括下列形式的聚合物组分,它们是聚丙烯酸酯、聚羧酸、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯基酸、聚醇等。
活性硅酸可以干燥或液体状态加入。根据一个实施方案,活性硅酸以所谓微硅石或硅胶或硅溶胶的形式存在。
本发明的其它特征可从从属权利要求的特征以及其它申请文件看出。
以下用实施方案详细说明本发明。
浇注料浆由以烧结氧化镁为主要成分的耐火基体材料开始制备:加入以下组分,均匀混合:7%(重量)石墨(低于500μm)、0.5%(重量)聚丙烯酸和3.0%(重量)微硅石以及6%(重量)水。
浇注料浆通过振动技术加入到浇注桶的永久耐火衬里和置于其前面的模板之间。
下表表示在180℃、1000℃和1500℃(在还原条件下)测定的堆积密度、开孔率、冷弯曲强度(CBS)和冷压强度(CCS)。180℃后 堆积密度(g/cm3) 2.70
开孔率(%体积.) 11.0
CBS(N/mm2) 17.0
CCS(N/mm2) 701000℃后 堆积密度(g/cm3) 2.73
开孔率(%体积.) 12.2
CBS(N/mm2) 12.8
CCS(N/mm2) 691500℃后 堆积密度(g/cm3) 2.75
开孔率(%体积.) 10.2
CBS(N/mm2) 11.5
CCS(N/mm2) 51.0
所述料浆也可用于修复(所谓重新衬里)金属冶金炉中的耐火衬里,这是一个必要特征。因此,在使用所述料浆时,再不必打碎旧的模制砖来换下它们,而是以所述方式通过使用新的整块外层反复修复(恢复)相应的耐磨衬里。
Claims (11)
1.含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆用于整块衬里或修复特别是冶金熔化容器的受腐蚀危害的区域的应用,所述料浆以易水合的金属氧化物,如MgO为主要成分,包括3至10%(重量)碳、0.1至2.0%(重量)分散剂和1.0至10.0%(重量)活性硅酸,每种都是以料浆的固体组分为基准。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中使用炭黑和/或石墨作为碳载体。
3.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中碳载体以1至500μm粒径使用。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的应用,其中混合水含量为3至8%(重量)。
5.根据权利要求4的应用,其中混合水含量为5至7%(重量)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的应用,其中采用微硅石(microsilica)、硅溶胶和/或硅胶作为活性硅酸。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的应用,其中活性硅酸以2.0至6.0%(重量)的量使用。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的应用,其中采以聚丙烯酸酯、聚羧酸、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯基酸和/或聚醇形式的聚合物作为分散剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项的应用,其中采用烧结和/或熔化氧化镁作为易水合的金属氧化物。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的应用,其中易水合的金属氧化物以粒度最高为6mm使用。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项的应用,其中将以煅烧的氧化铝、碳化硅、金属,特别是硅、其它耐火氧化物,如ZrO2和/或ZrSO4形式的其它添加剂以小于料浆固体组分5.0%(重量)的总量加入浇注料浆中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19518468A DE19518468C2 (de) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-05-19 | Verwendung einer wasserhaltigen, feuerfesten keramischen Gießmasse |
DE19518468.8 | 1995-05-19 |
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CN1184459A true CN1184459A (zh) | 1998-06-10 |
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CN96194021A Pending CN1184459A (zh) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-05-04 | 含水耐火陶瓷浇注料浆的应用 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5888586A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0825968B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1184459A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE184267T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5693796A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2216528A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19518468C2 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO974860L (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996036578A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101985402A (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2011-03-16 | 郑州振东耐磨材料有限公司 | 用于钢包内壁的防氧化涂料 |
CN101456747B (zh) * | 2007-12-10 | 2012-08-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 非沉淀性耐火灰浆 |
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DE19803327C2 (de) | 1998-01-29 | 1999-12-09 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen hochtemperaturbeständigen Werkstoffen mit einem einstellbaren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und deren Verwendung |
EP2072482A1 (de) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-24 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Gemenge und daraus hergestellte feuerfeste Formkörper oder Massen mit hoher Hydratationsbeständigkeit |
CN101921120B (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-10-10 | 德清县凯瑞新材料有限公司 | 钢铁用中间容器的耐火材料 |
CN103044013B (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2014-08-06 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种单晶叶片用氧化铝陶瓷型壳的制备方法 |
EP3502078B9 (de) * | 2017-12-19 | 2022-01-05 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Feuerfester versatz, ein verfahren zur herstellung eines ungeformten feuerfesten keramischen erzeugnisses aus dem versatz sowie ein durch das verfahren erhaltenes ungeformtes feuerfestes keramisches erzeugnis |
RU2756075C1 (ru) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-09-27 | Акционерное общество «ОДК-Авиадвигатель» | Способ изготовления литейной керамической формы с использованием жидконаливных самотвердеющих смесей для литья по выплавляемым моделям |
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US4061501A (en) * | 1972-05-09 | 1977-12-06 | Hoganas Ab | Refractory linings |
US4307197A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1981-12-22 | Nalco Chemical Company | Refractory insulating veneer |
JPH0776126B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-03 | 1995-08-16 | 神島化学工業株式会社 | マグネシア焼結体の製造方法 |
JPH0822781B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-16 | 1996-03-06 | ミンテックジャパン株式会社 | タンディッシュおよび溶鋼取鍋用表面被覆材 |
US5104833A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-04-14 | Harima Ceramic Co. Ltd. | Refractory for casting a basic substance |
US5246897A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1993-09-21 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Powder mixture for monolithic refractories containing graphite and a method of making thereof |
HUT71991A (en) * | 1992-03-08 | 1996-03-28 | Veitsch Radex Ag | Process for producing fireproof compounds and fireproof moulding from this compounds |
JP2596700B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1997-04-02 | 黒崎窯業株式会社 | 特定炭素含有不定形耐火物 |
DE4336269C2 (de) * | 1993-10-23 | 1995-09-21 | Veitsch Radex Ag | Verwendung einer feuerfesten keramischen Masse |
US5512316A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-04-30 | Minerals Technologies, Inc. | Method of protecting ladle linings |
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 DE DE19518468A patent/DE19518468C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-04 EP EP96915018A patent/EP0825968B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-04 AU AU56937/96A patent/AU5693796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-04 DE DE59603012T patent/DE59603012D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-04 US US08/952,757 patent/US5888586A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-04 CA CA002216528A patent/CA2216528A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-04 CN CN96194021A patent/CN1184459A/zh active Pending
- 1996-05-04 WO PCT/EP1996/001865 patent/WO1996036578A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-04 AT AT96915018T patent/ATE184267T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-10-21 NO NO974860A patent/NO974860L/no unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101456747B (zh) * | 2007-12-10 | 2012-08-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 非沉淀性耐火灰浆 |
CN101985402A (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2011-03-16 | 郑州振东耐磨材料有限公司 | 用于钢包内壁的防氧化涂料 |
CN101985402B (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-04-10 | 郑州振东科技有限公司 | 用于钢包内壁的防氧化涂料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19518468C2 (de) | 1998-07-16 |
DE19518468A1 (de) | 1996-11-21 |
NO974860D0 (no) | 1997-10-21 |
AU5693796A (en) | 1996-11-29 |
EP0825968A1 (de) | 1998-03-04 |
WO1996036578A1 (de) | 1996-11-21 |
DE59603012D1 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
EP0825968B1 (de) | 1999-09-08 |
CA2216528A1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
EP0825968B2 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
US5888586A (en) | 1999-03-30 |
NO974860L (no) | 1997-10-21 |
ATE184267T1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
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