CN118184626A - 一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料及其合成和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料的合成及应用,该类染料为不带电荷中性分子,以4‑取代的萘酰亚胺为母体,在其4‑位引入2‑哌嗪酮,其酰胺键使染料具有更多与核苷酸进行氢键相互作用的位点。此类荧光染料能够与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)选择性结合,并实现结合后荧光增强;不同烷基胺的引入,进一步增加了染料的生物相容性及其与DNA的结合能力。该类染料具有快速的透膜性,高选择性的细胞核标记能力,能够实现对细胞核的实时荧光成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光标记领域,具体涉及一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料及其合成和应用。
背景技术
细胞核是真核细胞最大的细胞器,是细胞的控制中心,调控着细胞的代谢、生长、分化等过程。通过对细胞核的染色,可以对细胞生长周期进行跟踪和监测,为疾病的诊断提供重要的信息。因此细胞核的实时荧光成像对于研究细胞核的化学生物学意义重大。
然而,常用的细胞核染料DAPI,Hoechst系列染料由于其激发波长短,具有一定光毒性,同时透膜慢,染色时间长,此外新开发的具有长波长的细胞核染料大多是带有正电荷的离子型染料,在成像应用中具有很高的背景。因此开发具有高选择性、优异生物相容性,低背景的细胞核染料仍然具有挑战性,而此类染料得开发也必将进一步推进细胞核化学生物学的进一步发展。
发明内容
本发明提供一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料的合成及应用,该类染料为不带电荷中性分子,以4-取代的萘酰亚胺为母体,在其4-位引入2-哌嗪酮,其酰胺键使染料具有更多与核苷酸进行氢键相互作用的位点。此类荧光染料能够与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)选择性结合,并实现结合后荧光增强;不同烷基胺的引入,进一步增加了染料的生物相容性及其与DNA的结合能力。该类染料具有快速的透膜性,高选择性的细胞核标记能力,能够实现对细胞核的实时荧光成像。
用于细胞核标记的荧光染料,该荧光染料具有如下结构:
R1为中的一种;
一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料的合成方法如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
步骤(1)不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成:
将4-溴-1,8-萘酐、伯胺溶于乙醇中,升温至60-90℃反应7-30h,冷却反应液至室温,经过抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺。
步骤(2)不同N-脂肪胺取代4-哌嗪酮萘酰亚胺的合成:
称取不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,氮气保护下加入2-哌嗪酮,升温至100-130℃反应10-30h;除溶剂,残余物用二氯甲烷溶解后,硅胶柱层析分离,得到不同N-脂肪胺取代4-哌嗪酮萘酰亚胺。
步骤(1)中,4-溴-1,8-萘酐与伯胺的质量比为1:0.3-10,4-溴-1,8-萘酐的质量与乙醇的体积比为1:10-100g/mL;
所述伯胺为中的一种或二种。
步骤(2)中,不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺与2-哌嗪酮的质量比为1:0.3-5,不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺的质量与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:0.5-60g/mL。
上述荧光染料在活细胞及活体内能够对细胞核进行特异性标记并实现荧光成像。
一类高选择性,生物相容性的细胞核荧光染料在荧光成像、分子探针及荧光传感中的应用。
该类探针拥有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
本发明提供一类用于细胞核标记的荧光染料的合成及应用,该类染料为不带电荷中性分子,以4-取代的萘酰亚胺为母体,在其4-位引入2-哌嗪酮,其酰胺键使染料具有更多与核苷酸进行氢键相互作用的位点。此类荧光染料能够与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)选择性结合,并实现结合后荧光增强;不同烷基胺的引入,进一步增加了染料的生物相容性及其与DNA的结合能力。该类染料具有快速的透膜性,高选择性的细胞核标记能力,且具有高达4.9倍的成像信噪比,能够实现对细胞核的实时荧光成像。
附图说明
图1实施例3制备的化合物3的核磁谱图氢谱。
图2实施例4制备的化合物4的核磁谱图氢谱。
图3实施例5中化合物3在不同溶剂中的归一化紫外吸收与荧光发射光谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为归一化强度,荧光染料的浓度为5μM。
图4实施例5中化合物3在不同溶剂中吸收光谱和发射光谱的数据统计。
图5实施例6中化合物3在共聚焦荧光显微镜下细胞核的免洗的成像图,以及选定区域内的平均荧光强度比。
图6实施例7中化合物4在共聚焦荧光显微镜下细胞核的免洗的成像图,以及选定区域内的平均荧光强度比。
具体实施方式
实施例1
化合物1合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取4-溴-1,8-萘酐(1g,3.6mmol)于20mL乙醇中,加入甲胺盐酸盐(0.6g,9mmol),将反应液加热至80℃反应10小时后,反应液冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到淡黄色固体0.95g,产率91%。
实施例2
化合物2合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取4-溴-1,8-萘酐(1g,3.6mmol)于20mL乙醇中,加入N,N-二甲基乙二胺(0.8g,9mmol),将反应液加热至80℃反应10小时后,反应液冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到淡黄色固体1.1g,产率90%。
实施例3
化合物3合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取化合物1(100mg,0.35mmol)于3mL干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在氮气保护下加入2-哌嗪酮(103mg,1.05mmol),升温至110℃反应20小时,反应液冷却至室温后,减压蒸除溶剂,粗产物用二氯甲烷溶解后经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷/甲醇=1/30,V/V),得到化合物3黄色固体粉末67.4mg,产率63%。
化合物3的核磁谱图氢谱如图1所示,具体数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.50(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.14(s,1H),7.83(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.85(s,2H),3.51(s,4H),3.38(s,3H).
实施例4
化合物4合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取化合物2(100mg,0.29mmol)于3mL干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在氮气保护下加入2-哌嗪酮(86.7mg,0.87mmol),升温至110℃反应20小时,冷却反应液至室温后,减压旋蒸除溶剂,粗产物用二氯甲烷溶解后经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷/甲醇=1/20,V/V),得到化合物4深黄色固体粉末54mg,产率51%。
化合物4的核磁谱图氢谱如图2所示,具体数据如下:1H NMR(700MHz,CDCl3)δ8.61(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.55(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83–7.61(m,1H),7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.52(s,1H),4.33(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.96(s,2H),3.66(d,J=3.7Hz,2H),3.56(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),2.68(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.37(s,6H).
将待测染料分别溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,配制成不同染料的2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,检测其吸收/荧光光谱,以及细胞内细胞核荧光成像。
实施例5
化合物3在不同溶剂中的光谱测试。取10μL化合物3的母液,加入4mL不同的溶剂中,配制成5μM的测试液,并进行紫外和荧光光谱的测试。
化合物3在不同溶剂中中的荧光光谱如图3所示,可以看出化合物3的吸收和发射波长随着溶剂极性的增大红移;化合物3在不同溶剂中的光谱数据统计如图4所示,化合物3的量子产率在弱极性溶剂中比较高,在大极性溶剂中很低。
实施例6
化合物3对活细胞染色后荧光成像检测。取1μL化合物3母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,体积浓度5% CO2空气下孵育10分钟后进行单光子荧光共聚焦成像。
化合物3浓度为2μM的细胞培养液孵育宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)10分钟后单光子荧光共聚焦成像如图5所示,化合物3能够快速的染色,并对HeLa细胞的细胞核进行精准定位,通过对选定区域平均荧光强度数据的采集,发现分子3对细胞核的染色信噪比高达2.6倍。
实施例7
化合物4对活细胞染色后荧光成像检测。取1μL化合物4母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,体积浓度5% CO2空气下孵育10分钟后进行单光子荧光共聚焦成像。
化合物4浓度为2μM的细胞培养液孵育宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)10分钟后单光子荧光共聚焦成像如图6所示,化合物4能够快速的染色,并对HeLa细胞的细胞核进行精准定位,通过对选定区域平均荧光强度数据的采集,发现化合物4对细胞核的染色信噪比高达4.9倍。与化合物3相比,脂肪胺的引入增强了化合物对细胞核的靶向能力,提高了细胞核的成像信噪比。
Claims (5)
1.用于细胞核标记的荧光染料,其特征在于,该荧光染料结构如下化合物中的一种或二种:
R1为中的一种。
2.一种权利要求1所述的用于细胞核标记的荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于,包含步骤如下:
步骤(1)不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成:
将4-溴-1,8-萘酐、伯胺溶于乙醇中,升温至60-90℃反应7-30h,冷却反应液至室温,经过抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺。
步骤(2)不同N-脂肪胺取代4-哌嗪酮萘酰亚胺的合成:
称取不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,氮气保护下加入2-哌嗪酮,升温至100-130℃反应10-30h;除溶剂,残余物用二氯甲烷溶解后,硅胶柱层析分离,得到不同N-脂肪胺取代4-哌嗪酮萘酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,4-溴-1,8-萘酐与伯胺的质量比为1:0.3-10,4-溴-1,8-萘酐的质量与乙醇的体积比为1:10-100g/mL;
所述伯胺为中的一种或二种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺与2-哌嗪酮的质量比为1:0.3-5,不同N-脂肪胺取代的4-溴1,8-萘酰亚胺的质量与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:0.5-60g/mL。
5.一种权利要求1所述的用于细胞核标记的荧光染料在荧光成像、作为分子探针或在荧光传感中的应用。
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