CN118161464A - 含阿司匹林的药物制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
含阿司匹林的药物制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供了含阿司匹林的药物制剂及其制备方法和应用,所述药物制剂中包含阿司匹林肠溶微球,所述阿司匹林肠溶微球由基质和分散在基质中的阿司匹林组成;所述基质由选自羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸树脂S100和聚丙烯酸树脂L100中至少一种的第一基质,以及选自乙基纤维素和/或聚丙烯酸树脂RS100的第二基质组成;阿司匹林占肠溶微球重量的50‑70%。本申请的药物制剂同时满足了易吞咽和胃溶出低两方面的要求,为吞咽障碍和/或胃病患者提供了良好的顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于药物制剂领域,具体地,本申请提供了含阿司匹林的药物制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
阿司匹林(通用名:乙酰水杨酸),作为预防血栓形成最有效的药物之一,常被用作止痛药(用于轻度疼痛和疼痛)、退热剂(用于发烧)和消炎药。阿司匹林还具有抗凝血(血液稀释)作用,用于长期以低剂量预防心脏病发作。
阿司匹林是胃吸收低的物质,因此需要施用超过一定量,然而,阿司匹林本身具有对胃造成损害的性质,其剂量受到严格限制,且常制备成肠溶制剂。现有技术中,阿司匹林肠溶制剂是由肠溶包衣、隔离包衣等包裹阿司匹林制备而成,不仅粒径较大不易吞咽,也使得阿司匹林肠溶制剂在胃中停留较长的时间,到达肠道需要较长的时间;制备成颗粒剂等容易吞咽的制剂时,由于接触面积大,在胃中的溶出度往往不理想,避免阿司匹林对胃刺激性造成胃损伤。
此外,阿司匹林常搭配其它的药物一起制备成复合药剂,但是阿司匹林容易与一些药物反应,产生杂质,削减药效。如,在与血小板聚集抑制剂联合(治疗外周和冠状动脉疾病,如中风、血栓形成、栓塞、心肌梗塞等)时,阿司匹林可激活肝脏中将氯吡格雷转化为活性代谢物的酶,直接接触会引起共晶现象;在首先释放阿司匹林以增加氯吡格雷代谢的剂型中,这种风险进一步加剧。
因此,本领域中需要提供改进释放性能和稳定性的阿司匹林制剂或者阿司匹林/氯吡格雷复合药剂,满足吞咽困难患者和/或患有胃溃疡患者的用药需求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,一方面,本申请提供了含阿司匹林的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂中包含阿司匹林肠溶微球,所述阿司匹林肠溶微球由基质和分散在基质中的阿司匹林组成;所述基质由选自羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸树脂S100和聚丙烯酸树脂L100中至少一种的第一基质,以及选自乙基纤维素和/或聚丙烯酸树脂RS100的第二基质组成;阿司匹林占肠溶微球重量的50-70%。
本发明提供的含阿司匹林的组合物满足肠溶制剂的要求(在酸中2h溶出小于10重量%,pH6.8缓冲液中30min溶出大于80重量%),制备更加方便。理论上,组合物中阿司匹林的含量越高(基质含量越低),在酸中的溶出越高,而本发明的发明人发现,当本发明组合物中阿司匹林含量在60重量%左右时在酸中有较低的溶出,而低于50重量%或高于70重量%时在酸中有较高的溶出;而阿司匹林肠溶微球中羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素的重量比为9:1左右时效果较好。
羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素的重量比为4-20:1,优选8-10:1,可以为4:1、8:1、8.5:1、9:1、9.5:1、10:1、15:1、20:1或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。
为了使得组合物更好的满足肠溶的条件,所述组合物中阿司匹林的含量为50-70重量%,优选55-65重量%,可以为50重量%、51重量%、52重量%、53重量%、54重量%、55重量%、56重量%、57重量%、58重量%、59重量%、60重量%、61重量%、62重量%、63重量%、64重量%、65重量%、66重量%、68重量%、69重量%、70重量%或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。
进一步地,所述阿司匹林肠溶微球由羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素基质以及分散在基质中的,占肠溶微球重量60%的阿司匹林组成;阿司匹林肠溶微球中羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素的重量比为9:1。
进一步地,所述微球的粒径为100-700μm,包封率不低于90%。
微球的平均粒径为100-700μm,可以为100μm、200μm、300μm、400μm、500μm、600μm、700μm或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值;所述微球的包封率不低于90%,可以为90%、92%、94%、95%、98%、100%或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。所述包封率为包裹在微球内部的阿司匹林的重量/(包裹在微球内部的阿司匹林的重量+微球表面阿司匹林的重量)。
本发明提供的含阿司匹林的组合物粒径较小,使得组合物在胃中停留时间更短,可制备的药剂比较多变,如干混悬剂、片剂、胶囊剂、分散片和口崩片等,服用更加方便,更有利于吞咽障碍的患者。
进一步地,所述药物制剂为干混悬剂。
进一步地,所述干混悬剂中还包含助悬剂、矫味剂、填充剂和芳香剂中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述助悬剂、矫味剂、填充剂和芳香剂的重量比为1:0.5-1.5:1-3:0.1-1。
进一步地,所述助悬剂选自黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、胶体微晶纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、阿拉伯胶和西黄蓍胶中的至少一种;所述矫味剂选自蔗糖、阿司帕坦、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、糖精钠、柠檬酸和酒石酸中的至少一种;所述填充剂选自蔗糖、玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、乳糖和麦芽糖醇中的至少一种;所述芳香剂选自薄荷香精、桃子香精、草莓香精、桔子香精和柠檬香精中的至少一种。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述药物制剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括(1)在有机溶剂的存在下,将阿司匹林和基质混合;(2)在乳化剂的存在下,将步骤(1)的混合产物加入到水中进行成型。
混合体系中所述阿司匹林的含量为10-30重量%,可以为10重量%、15重量%、20重量%、25重量%、30重量%或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。
所述乳化剂与水的重量比为1:10-1000,可以为1:10、1:50、1:100、1:200、1:300、1:400、1:500、1:600、1:700、1:800、1:900、1:1000或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。
所述混合的条件包括:温度为10℃-30℃,可以为10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值;时间为0.1-3h,可以为0.1h、0.5h、1h、1.5h、2h、2.5h、3h或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值;更优选的,所述成型的条件包括:温度为10℃-30℃,可以为10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值;时间为1-5h,可以为1h、1.5h、2h、2.5h、3h、3.5h、4h、4.5h、5h或以上任意两数值形成的范围及范围内的值。
所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异戊酯、甲基异丁基酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇和丙三醇中的至少一种;进一步优选的,所述乳化剂选自所述乳化剂选自十二烷基磺酸钠、吐温20、吐温80、司盘60、司盘80、聚乙烯醇、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和泊洛沙姆中的至少一种,优选为吐温80、十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
进一步地,混合的温度为10℃-30℃;时间为0.1-3小时,优选1-5小时。
进一步地,所述药物制剂还包括选自氯吡格雷、硫酸氢氯吡格雷、双嘧达莫、对乙酰氨基酚、替格瑞洛、甘羟铝和重质碳酸镁中的至少一种的第二有效成分。
进一步地,所述第二有效成分为氯吡格雷。
进一步地,阿司匹林与所述第二有效成分重量比为1:0.05-5,可以为1:0.05、1:0.1、1:0.5、1:1、1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5、1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、1:5,优选1:0.2-2,再优选1:1。
所述方法还可以包括对步骤(2)获得的产物进行固液分离,并对固液分离得到的固体进行清洗和干燥。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷和乙醇;所述乳化剂为聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇和水的比例为1:300-500。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述药物制剂在制备吞咽障碍和/或胃病患者用阿司匹林制剂中的应用。
吞咽为食物经口摄入并经咽腔和食管传送入胃的全过程。吞咽障碍是指由于下颌、双唇、舌、软腭、咽喉、食管等器官结构和(或)功能受损,不能安全有效地把食物送到胃内的过程。广义的吞咽障碍概念应包含认知和精神心神等方面的问题引起的行为异常导致的吞咽和进食问题,即摄食-吞咽障碍。本发明中,吞咽障碍指多种原因所致口咽部及食管结构与功能异常而造成,不包括认知和精神心神等方面的问题引起的行为异常导致的吞咽和进食问题。
本申请中所述胃病患者包括但不限于胃溃疡、胃癌、胃炎、胃息肉、胃酸过多等疾病,这些患者对于减少阿司匹林带来的胃不良反应的需求较非胃病患者更高。
本发明中,所述组合物中阿司匹林的包封率比较高,表面药物比较少,直接接触口腔的药物比较少,因此相同的用药量下,因为药物带来的苦味要低很多。
如制备为口崩片,所述辅料包括填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂中的至少一种,优选为填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂,所述填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂的重量比为1-5:1-3:1-3:1。
所述崩解剂可选自交联聚维酮、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、微晶纤维素、干淀粉和低取代羟丙纤维素中的至少一种。
所述粘合剂可选自聚维酮、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉浆中的至少一种。
所述润滑剂可选自硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、胶体二氧化硅、微粉硅胶和硬脂酸中的至少一种。
本申请的药物制剂同时满足了易吞咽和胃溶出低两方面的要求,而且有良好的掩味效果,为吞咽障碍和/或胃病患者提供了良好的顺应性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1获得的含阿司匹林组合物的图片;
图2是实施例1获得的含阿司匹林组合物的电镜图;
图3是实施例1获得的含阿司匹林组合物的透射电镜图;
图4是阿司匹林和头孢呋辛酯不同含量下在酸中的溶出度;
图5是实施例10获得的阿司匹林的药物制剂和市售的阿司匹林肠溶片模拟肠道介质溶出曲线;
图6是复合混悬剂和市售品血药浓度曲线。
具体实施方式
材料:
羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯来源:LOTTE Fine chemical.Ltd;
乙基纤维素来源:亚什兰集团公司;
聚丙烯酸树脂S100来源:赢创工业集团;
聚丙烯酸树脂L100来源:赢创工业集团;
聚丙烯酸树脂RS100来源:赢创工业集团;
阿司匹林的来源:河北敬业医药科技股份有限公司;
头孢呋辛酯来源:华北制药河北华民药业有限责任公司;
市售阿司匹林肠溶片:Sanofi Winthrop Industrie,Ambares Plant;
市售阿司匹林氯吡格雷片剂:Sanofi Winthrop Industrie,Ambares Plant。
阿司匹林微球的制备及其在酸中的溶出度:
将不同基质组分一同加入到二氯甲烷和乙醇(二氯甲烷和乙醇的重量比为10:1)中溶解,再加入阿司匹林(阿司匹林的含量为20重量%)混合(温度为20℃,时间为1h),得到的液体加入至含聚乙烯醇的水相(聚乙烯醇与水的重量比1:400)中搅拌(温度为20℃,时间2h),形成阿司匹林肠溶微球(粒径为100-700μm),实施例1得到的微球图片如图1-3,固液分离后得到固体微球清洗干燥,各实施例和对比例组分如表1所示(各实施例和对比例中的微球包封率为均高于90%)。照溶出度与释放度测定法(中国药典2020年版通则0931第二法)测定,酸中溶出量的溶出条件以0.1mol/L盐酸溶液750ml为溶出介质,转速为每分钟50转,依法操作,经2h时取样,同时用0.1mol/L盐酸溶液等体积补液。限度不得过标示量的10%。结果如表1所示。
实施例10为实施例1得到的阿司匹林微球与药用辅料混合得到,其中药用辅料处方为:黄原胶20重量%,乳糖50重量%,安赛蜜10重量%、柠檬酸10重量%,香精10重量%;制备方法为:取1/2处方量黄原胶、乳糖、安赛蜜、柠檬酸于湿法制粒机制粒,干燥、24目整粒;所得颗粒与剩余1/2处方量黄原胶和香精混合,最后与实施例1阿司匹林肠溶微球以重量比2:1混合均匀,得到实施例10的含阿司匹林的干混悬剂。
表1:各实施例的配方及在酸中的溶出度
表1结果显示,本发明的含阿司匹林组合物在酸性条件下,有更少的阿司匹林溶出,说明其在胃中也会有更少的溶出,更有利于保护胃不受阿司匹林的刺激。
按照实施例1的方法,不同的是,改变阿司匹林的含量,在模拟胃液的溶出介质0.1mol/L盐酸溶液中2h的溶出度(%)如表1和图4所示。阿司匹林含量在小于50%或大于70%时溶出都明显高于限度10%,阿司匹林含量在50-70重量%之间时酸中溶出符合小于10%的限度要求。
按照实施例1的方法,不同的是,将阿司匹林更换成头孢呋辛酯,并且改变头孢呋辛酯的含量,在酸中2h的溶出度(%)如表2和图4所示。
表2:
根据图4显示,即便是同样的基质,负载不同的药物时,在酸中的溶出情况并不相同,在负载头孢呋辛酯时,含药量越低才会有更低的溶出,在负载阿司匹林时,需要在本发明的范围内才可以有较低的溶出。
模拟肠液中的溶出度:
将实施例和对比例得到的微球、实施例10得到的干混悬剂与市售阿司匹林肠溶片进行模拟肠液的实验对比,通过中国药典2020年版通则0931第二法缓冲液中溶出量测定不同时间模拟肠液溶出度,结果如表3和图5所示。
表3:
注:单位为%。
由表3和图5的结果显示,本发明获得的阿司匹林肠溶干混悬剂与市售阿司匹林肠溶片体外溶出曲线变化一致,累积溶出度更高。
复合混悬剂的制备和效果:
将实施例1中的微球与氯吡格雷混合均匀2h,其中,阿司匹林与氯吡格雷的重量比为1:1。获得的复合混悬剂中阿司匹林的溶出效果与实施例1基本一致。
测试通过HPLC测得阿司匹林和氯吡格雷反应产物氯吡格雷酸含量,氯吡格雷酸的含量=氯吡格雷酸/氯吡格雷,结果如表4和表5所示:其中,无基质为将阿司匹林与氯吡格雷直接混合后的结果。
表4:
表5:
通过表4和表5可知,本发明中得到的阿司匹林微球与氯吡格雷产生比较少的氯吡格雷酸,两者可以直接混合使用混合后使用。
对雄性比格犬(9-10kg)分别给予使用实施例10的微球制备得到的阿司匹林与氯吡格雷复合混悬剂(6只)与市售阿司匹林氯吡格雷片剂(6只)给药(阿司匹林量为100mg/只)15min、30min、45min、1h、1.5h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h时由前肢静脉采血约1mL于抗凝管(抗凝剂:ETDA+NaF)2000g(4℃)离心10min,分离血浆,-70℃放置待处理,通过LC-MS/MS测得血药(阿司匹林)浓度如图6所示,由WinNonlin得到的结果如表6。其中,Cmax表示给药后出现的血药浓度最高值;AUClast代表从给药时间开始到最后一个点的这段时间的血药浓度曲线对时间轴所包围的面积,用于评价药物吸收程度;AUCINF_obs表示0-无穷大时间段血药浓度曲线对时间轴所包围的面积,用于预测药物吸收程度,Tmax表示血药浓度最高时的时间。
表6:
注:经过T检验均有显著差异。
由表6和图6的结果显示:Cmax和Tmax低于市售品,AUClast和AUCINF_obs均高于市售品,说明本发明的复合药物组合物相对于市售品药物发挥比较平缓,相对生物利用度达105%(实施例10AUClast/市售AUClast×100%),药物的起效时间快,吸收效果好,减少不良反应。
Claims (10)
1.含阿司匹林的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂中包含阿司匹林肠溶微球,所述阿司匹林肠溶微球由基质和分散在基质中的阿司匹林组成;所述基质由选自羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸树脂S100和聚丙烯酸树脂L100中至少一种的第一基质,以及选自乙基纤维素和/或聚丙烯酸树脂RS100的第二基质组成;阿司匹林占肠溶微球重量的50-70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,所述基质由羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素组成,羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙基纤维素的重量比为4-20:1;
和/或,阿司匹林占肠溶微球重量的55-65%;
和/或,其中所述微球的粒径为100-700μm,包封率不低于90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其中所述药物制剂为干混悬剂、片剂、胶囊剂、分散片或口崩片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物制剂,其中所述干混悬剂中还包含助悬剂、矫味剂、填充剂和芳香剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物制剂,其中所述助悬剂、矫味剂、填充剂和芳香剂的重量比为1:0.5-1.5:1-3:0.1-1;
和/或,其中所述助悬剂选自黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、胶体微晶纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、阿拉伯胶和西黄蓍胶中的至少一种;
和/或,所述矫味剂选自蔗糖、阿司帕坦、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、糖精钠、柠檬酸和酒石酸中的至少一种;
和/或,所述填充剂选自蔗糖、玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、乳糖和麦芽糖醇中的至少一种;
和/或,所述芳香剂选自薄荷香精、桃子香精、草莓香精、桔子香精和柠檬香精中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的药物制剂,其中还包括选自氯吡格雷、硫酸氢氯吡格雷、双嘧达莫、对乙酰氨基酚、替格瑞洛、甘羟铝和重质碳酸镁中的至少一种的第二有效成分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其中阿司匹林与所述第二有效成分重量比为1:0.05-5。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的药物制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括(1)在有机溶剂的存在下,将阿司匹林和基质混合;(2)在乳化剂的存在下,将步骤(1)的混合产物加入到水中进行成型。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其中所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷和乙醇;
和/或,所述乳化剂为聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇和水的比例为1:300-500;
和/或,其中混合的温度为10℃-30℃;时间为0.1-3小时;
和/或,所述方法还包括将所述阿司匹林肠溶微球与所述第二有效成分混合均匀的步骤。
10.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的药物制剂在制备吞咽障碍和/或胃病患者用阿司匹林制剂中的应用。
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