CN118120425A - Method for improving carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrient and regulating grazing - Google Patents
Method for improving carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrient and regulating grazing Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing, which relates to the technical field of regulating and controlling the organic carbon fixing capacity of grazing land soil, and comprises the following steps: determining grazing areas of a loess plateau typical grassland area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; determining plant community coverage, grass poisoning coverage, grassland biomass, community apoptosis coverage and paraquat coverage of a grazing area by an image method; dividing the grazing area into a plurality of grazing areas based on the plant community coverage, the grass poisoning coverage, the grassland biomass, the community withered object coverage and the paraquat coverage of the grazing area; grazing treatment and exogenous nutrient addition are carried out in a plurality of grazing areas. The invention has low use cost and strong technical operability, and can be widely used and popularized in grassland pasture areas; the grass yield of the typical grassland is increased, the pasture regeneration of the pasture land is promoted, and the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the soil are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of the solid state capacity of a grazing land, in particular to a method for improving the carbon content of the grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing.
Background
The release of CO 2 to 76GtC per year from soil to the atmosphere is far beyond 5GtC per year released to the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion. The technical potential of global agricultural emission reduction is as high as 5500-6000 Mt (megaton) CO 2 equivalent per year, 90% of which comes from soil carbon fixation, and agricultural soil carbon fixation emission reduction becomes a key influencing factor of global climate change.
Many methods for regulating and controlling the carbon fixation capacity of soil by improving the soil and a management method are provided, but most of the methods are concentrated on farmlands, and the greenhouse gases of the soil are reduced mainly by improving the physical structure of the farmlands and supplementing soil nutrients. For example, in agricultural production, protective cultivation is performed to avoid damage to the surface layer of soil; sand is paved on the saline-alkali soil, acid-base neutralization is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the soil grain size structure is changed while the soil permeability is improved, so that the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced. In the management aspect, physical interference to soil is reduced or soil nutrients are increased mainly through some agronomic measures so as to improve the carbon fixing capability of the soil. The common methods include covering crops, returning straw to the field, rotation of grass fields, mixed sowing, adding exogenous nutrients and the like, and improving the carbon fixation capacity of the soil by increasing the organic matters of the soil. If the organic matters in soil farmlands in China are improved by 1%, the soil can absorb CO 2 hundred million tons from the air.
However, these measures are mainly used in crop planting in basic farmlands, and their carbon fixing function is basically maintained by natural succession for natural grassland grazing land. With the development of animal husbandry and the transformation of dietary structures of people, grazing land is taken as basic production data and plays an important role in the daily-required production of meat, eggs and milk. The effect of the grassland carbon sink function is weaker and weaker due to the fact that a large amount of grasses are eaten by livestock, and the problem that how to regulate the natural grazing place carbon fixing capability to enable the grassland carbon sink function to play an inherent production ecological function is urgent to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing, which has low cost and strong operability, can be widely used and popularized in a grassland pasture area, increases the grass yield of typical grasslands, improves the grass reproducibility of the grasslands of the typical grasslands, improves the organic carbon content of soil and improves the total nitrogen content of soil compared with continuous grazing.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing, which comprises the following steps:
determining grazing areas of a loess plateau typical grassland area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle;
determining plant community coverage, grass poisoning coverage, grassland biomass, community apoptosis coverage and paraquat coverage of the grazing area by an image method;
Dividing the grazing area into a plurality of grazing areas based on the plant community coverage, the grass poisoning coverage, the grassland biomass, the community withered object coverage and the paraquat coverage of the grazing area;
grazing and exogenous nutrient addition are carried out in the plurality of grazing areas.
Preferably, the grazing is carried out in the grazing area with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60 percent for 1-3 months, grazing is carried out for one time with the grazing intensity of 1-3 sheep-month/ha, and grazing is stopped when the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage are both 40-45 percent;
Stopping grazing for 4-5 months, adding exogenous nutrients into the grazing area, wherein the selection standard of the exogenous nutrients is 40-60 kgN/ha, and the exogenous nutrients comprise: quick-acting fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
Carrying out regional grazing rotation in 6-9 months, selecting the grazing areas with the plant community coverage of more than or equal to 30% and the grass poisoning population coverage of less than or equal to 20%, and carrying out regional grazing rotation according to 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment, wherein the period of the grazing rotation is 30 days;
Stopping grazing after 10 months;
And (3) in 11-12 months, carrying out 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment on the area with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60%, and carrying out regional grazing, wherein the grazing period is 30 days.
Preferably, exogenous nutrients are added to the pasture area in the middle and late 4 months to the upper 5 months.
Preferably, the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the requirement is 18% N and 46% P 2O5, and the addition amount of the quick-acting fertilizer is 300-450 kg/ha.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure, the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction of N+P 2O5+K2 O in total nutrients is more than or equal to 4%, and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-4500 kg/ha.
Preferably, the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are added in a mode of mixed application of the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied by dissolving the quick-acting fertilizer with clear water, stirring for 3-5 minutes to fully dissolve the quick-acting fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the quick-acting fertilizer in the pasturing area by a spraying device, wherein the concentration range is 0.5% -2.0%.
Preferably, the applying of the organic fertilizer comprises manual broadcasting and mechanical broadcasting.
Preferably, after the organic fertilizer is applied, the sheep is mechanically compacted or is trampled for 2-3 days by walking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention has low use cost and strong operability, and can be widely used and popularized in grassland pasture areas;
2) Compared with continuous grazing, the method increases the grass yield of the typical grassland, improves the grass regeneration of the natural grassland, improves the organic carbon content of soil, improves the total nitrogen content of the soil, and increases the grass yield of the typical grassland by 18-33%; the natural grassland forage grass regenerative performance is improved by 8-16%, the organic carbon content of the soil is improved by 8-22%, and the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved by 6-18%;
3) Environmental protection and no pollution, and avoids ecological damages such as water and soil loss, grassland degradation and the like.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention may generally be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as provided, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing, which comprises the following steps:
determining grazing areas of a loess plateau typical grassland area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle;
determining plant community coverage, grass poisoning coverage, grassland biomass, community apoptosis coverage and paraquat coverage of the grazing area by an image method;
Dividing the grazing area into a plurality of grazing areas based on the plant community coverage, the grass poisoning coverage, the grassland biomass, the community withered object coverage and the paraquat coverage of the grazing area;
grazing and exogenous nutrient addition are carried out in the plurality of grazing areas.
Further, the grazing area with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60% is selected for grazing for 1-3 months, grazing is carried out for one time with the grazing intensity of 1-3 sheep-month/ha, and grazing is stopped when the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage are both 40-45%;
Stopping grazing for 4-5 months, adding exogenous nutrients into the grazing area, wherein the selection standard of the exogenous nutrients is 40-60 kgN/ha, and the exogenous nutrients comprise: quick-acting fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
Carrying out regional grazing rotation in 6-9 months, selecting the grazing areas with the plant community coverage of more than or equal to 30% and the grass poisoning population coverage of less than or equal to 20%, and carrying out regional grazing rotation according to 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment, wherein the period of the grazing rotation is 30 days;
Stopping grazing after 10 months;
And (3) in 11-12 months, carrying out 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment on the area with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60%, and carrying out regional grazing, wherein the grazing period is 30 days.
Further, exogenous nutrients are added to the pasture area in the middle and late 4 months to the upper 5 months.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the requirement is 18% N and 46% P 2O5, and the addition amount of the quick-acting fertilizer is 300-450 kg/ha.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure, the organic content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction of N+P 2O5+K2 O in total nutrients is more than or equal to 4%, and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-4500 kg/ha.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are added in a mode of mixed application of the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied by dissolving the quick-acting fertilizer with clear water, stirring for 3-5 minutes to enable the quick-acting fertilizer to be fully dissolved, and uniformly spraying the quick-acting fertilizer in the pasturing area by using a spraying device, wherein the concentration range of the quick-acting fertilizer is 0.5% -2.0%.
Further, the organic fertilizer application comprises manual broadcasting and mechanical broadcasting.
Further, after the organic fertilizer is applied, the soil is mechanically compacted or is trampled for 2-3 days by the shoal sheep.
The invention follows the law of conservation of energy and element circulation, defines the energy and element flow characteristics of each link in the production process of the grassland ecological system, regulates and controls the energy and element balance through grazing and exogenous nutrient addition, achieves the energy balance and nutrient balance of a land grassland system by exogenous addition on the basis of guaranteeing the grassland animal balance, achieves the aim of improving the carbon fixation capacity of the grassland, combines with ecological construction engineering implemented by China in the grassland pasture area, improves the existing grazing system, improves the ecological function of the grassland ecological system production, and provides a technology for grassland utilization management.
According to plant growth characteristics, the optimal grazing time of a typical grassland area is 6-9 months and 11-12 months, nutrients of the grazing land can be supplied and insufficient at any time along with livestock feeding, nutrient flow can be carried out between soil and pasture in the whole growing season, partial nutrients fed by livestock can be transferred along with movement of the grazing livestock, nutrient loss can be caused, and the soil and the grassland need to be fed with exogenous nutrients in the period to ensure nutrient balance, so that the exogenous nutrient feeding time is required to be within 6-12 months in the grazing process or the initial period of grazing finishing, and the exogenous nutrient feeding time can be determined according to the grazing time.
Firstly, determining areas of grazing and exogenous nutrient addition in a loess plateau typical grassland area, determining the areas by using an unmanned plane, and determining plant community coverage, grass poisoning coverage and grassland biomass of a treatment area by an image method, wherein the community coverage is more than or equal to 30 percent, the grass poisoning population coverage is less than or equal to 20 percent, and the community dry matter biomass is 100-180 g/m 2.
And secondly, dividing the determined treatment area into a plurality of pasture areas, wherein the division principle is that the operation is easy to control, and the pasture areas are ordered according to the spatial distribution and the number of the pasture areas for the beach sheep.
Then, specific operations of grazing and exogenous nutrient addition are performed.
Grazing is carried out in a region with community withered objects and paraquat coverage of more than 60% for 1-3 months, grazing is carried out by treating with grazing intensity of 1-3 sheep/month/ha, grazing is carried out once, and grazing can be stopped when the forage coverage is between 40% and 45%.
Stopping grazing for 4-5 months, and inputting exogenous nutrients. The selection standard of the exogenous nutrient is that the exogenous nutrient is added in the middle and late 4 months to the upper 5 months for 40-60 kgN/ha.; 2 kinds of exogenous nutrients, namely quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the requirements are N18%, P 2O5% and 46%, and the addition amount of the exogenous nutrients is 300-450 kg/ha; the organic fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure as a raw material, wherein the content fraction (based on a drying basis) of organic matters is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction (based on a drying basis) of total nutrients (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 4%, and the addition amount of exogenous nutrients is 1500-4500 kg/ha; the adding mode is to apply quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer in a mixing way.
Firstly, quick-acting fertilizer is applied, the quick-acting fertilizer is dissolved by clear water, and stirred for 3 to 5 minutes to enable the quick-acting fertilizer to be fully dissolved, the concentration range is 0.5 to 2.0 percent, and the quick-acting fertilizer is uniformly sprayed by a spraying device.
Then the organic fertilizer is manually or mechanically broadcast, and after broadcast, the organic fertilizer is mechanically compacted or is trampled by the beach sheep for 2 to 3 days.
And (3) carrying out regional grazing rotation in 6-9 months, wherein the community coverage of the grazing area is more than or equal to 30%, the coverage of the toxic grass population is less than or equal to 20%, and the regional grazing rotation is carried out according to 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment, and the period of the grazing rotation is 30 days.
Grazing was stopped for 10 months.
And (3) 11-12 months, carrying out 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment in the region with the coverage of more than 60% for regional grazing, and carrying out the grazing cycle for 30 days.
Example 1
The application of the invention is carried out on the Longdong loess plateau in the typical grassland area, and the Longdong loess plateau belongs to the typical grassland area, and the precipitation amount is 330-460 mm. Grazing land community coverage is 65%, grass poisoning population coverage is 12%, and community dry matter biomass is 140g/m 2.
The method comprises the steps of dividing 3 pasture areas, carrying out a rotation period for 30 days, and setting 3 hectares in each pasture area.
Grazing is carried out in a region with community withered objects and paraquat coverage of more than 60% for 1-3 months, grazing is carried out by 2.7 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment, the grazing is carried out for 22 days, the forage coverage reaches 40%, and grazing can be stopped.
The method comprises the steps of inputting exogenous nutrients in the late 4 th month, wherein the selection standard of the exogenous nutrients is that 40-60 kgN/ha. general exogenous nutrients are added in the late 4 th month to the early 5 th month; 2 kinds of exogenous nutrients, namely quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the requirements are N18%, P 2O5% and 46%, and the addition amount of the exogenous nutrients is 300-450 kg/ha; the organic fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure as a raw material, wherein the content fraction (based on a drying basis) of organic matters is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction (based on a drying basis) of total nutrients (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 4%, and the addition amount of exogenous nutrients is 1500-4500 kg/ha; the adding mode is to mix quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Firstly, quick-acting fertilizer diammonium phosphate (N18%, P 2O5% and exogenous nutrient addition amount is 450 kg/ha) is applied; and (3) dissolving the quick-acting fertilizer by using clear water, stirring for 3-5 minutes to enable the quick-acting fertilizer to be fully dissolved, wherein the concentration range is 1.5%, and uniformly spraying by using a spraying device.
Then applying organic fertilizer, wherein the content fraction (based on a drying basis) of the organic matters is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction (based on a drying basis) of the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 4%, and the addition amount of the exogenous nutrient is 3000kg/ha; the sheep were manually sprinkled and applied to step on the mud flat for 3 days.
The grazing is carried out in the middle ten days of 6 months, the grazing intensity is 5.3 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity, the grazing period is 30 days, the grazing is stopped in the late ten days of 9 months, the grazing is carried out in the upper ten days of 11, the grazing intensity is 5.3 sheep-month/ha grazing in the region with the grass coverage of more than 60%, the grazing period is 30 days, and the grazing is stopped in the late ten days of 12 months.
Compared with continuous grazing, the yield of hay in grazing land is increased by 23%; the regenerative property of the natural grassland forage grass is improved by 11 percent, the organic carbon content of the soil is improved by 14 percent, and the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved by 9 percent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions. Are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining grazing areas of a loess plateau typical grassland area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle;
determining plant community coverage, grass poisoning coverage, grassland biomass, community apoptosis coverage and paraquat coverage of the grazing area by an image method;
Dividing the grazing area into a plurality of grazing areas based on the plant community coverage, the grass poisoning coverage, the grassland biomass, the community withered object coverage and the paraquat coverage of the grazing area;
grazing and exogenous nutrient addition are carried out in the plurality of grazing areas.
2. The method for increasing the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and controlling grazing according to claim 1,
1-3 Months, selecting the grazing areas with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60%, grazing for one time with the grazing intensity of 1-3 sheep-month/ha, and stopping grazing when the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage are both 40-45%;
Stopping grazing for 4-5 months, adding exogenous nutrients into the grazing area, wherein the selection standard of the exogenous nutrients is 40-60 kgN/ha, and the exogenous nutrients comprise: quick-acting fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
Carrying out regional grazing rotation in 6-9 months, selecting the grazing areas with the plant community coverage of more than or equal to 30% and the grass poisoning population coverage of less than or equal to 20%, and carrying out regional grazing rotation according to 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment, wherein the period of the grazing rotation is 30 days;
Stopping grazing after 10 months;
And (3) in 11-12 months, carrying out 4.0-6.0 sheep-month/ha grazing intensity treatment on the area with the community apoptosis coverage and the paraquat coverage of more than 60%, and carrying out regional grazing, wherein the grazing period is 30 days.
3. The method of increasing the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and controlling grazing as recited in claim 2, wherein exogenous nutrients are added to the grazing area in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months.
4. The method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, 18% of N and 46% of P 2O5 are required, and the adding amount of the quick-acting fertilizer is 300-450 kg/ha.
5. The method for improving the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and regulating grazing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure, the organic content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 30%, the mass fraction of N+P 2O5+K2 O in total nutrients is more than or equal to 4%, and the adding amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-4500 kg/ha.
6. The method for increasing the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and controlling grazing as recited in claim 2, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are added in a manner of mixed application of the quick-acting fertilizer and the organic fertilizer.
7. The method for increasing grazing land carbon content by adding exogenous nutrient and controlling grazing as recited in claim 6, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer is applied by dissolving the quick-acting fertilizer with clear water, stirring for 3-5 minutes to make it fully dissolved, and uniformly spraying in the grazing area with a spraying device, wherein the concentration range is 0.5% -2.0%.
8. The method for increasing the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and controlling grazing as recited in claim 6, wherein applying the organic fertilizer comprises manual and mechanical broadcasting.
9. The method for increasing the carbon content of grazing land by adding exogenous nutrients and controlling grazing as recited in claim 8, wherein after the organic fertilizer is applied, the soil is mechanically compacted or is trampled by a beach sheep for 2-3 days.
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| CN114332657A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 兰州大学 | Method for regulating and controlling ligularia virgaurea population density |
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