CN118103558A - 具有至少三层的一件式织造气囊 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有经线和纬线的一件式织造OPW气囊,所述经线和纬线按至少三个织物层、即下织物层(UG)、上织物层(OG)和中间布置的中间织物层(MG)来织造。该气囊的特征在于,该中间织物层(MG)的经线和经线在选定的流通区域(DSB)中浮动。
Description
本发明涉及OPW气囊,其具有至少三个织物层,即下织物层、上织物层和布置在它们之间的中间织物层。
所谓的远侧气囊(也称为前中央气囊)例如布置在机动车司机座椅中,在朝向前排乘客的一侧。这些气囊将在未来被用来满足预计将于2020年生效的新欧洲NCAP测试要求。关于此的测试描述可以在互联网上例如以“euro-ncap-far-side-test-and-assessment-protocol-v10.pdf”找到。也参见www.eurocap.com上的“欧洲新车评估计划”。
迄今为止,上述气囊只能以相当复杂的方式、即所谓的切割、密封和缝合方法来制造。在这里,从一个或多个织物幅材切割出多个织物片,对其涂覆密封剂并以昂贵耗时的方式缝合在一起来形成气囊。为了能可确保对车辆乘员得到尽可能好的保护效果,这种气囊在充气状态下不得不具有独不同的形状和极高的刚度。用于该既定目的的已知气囊是复杂的解决方案并且目前通过例如从涂有硅酮的平面织物裁切出两个以上的相同或部分相同或不同的制造片而以高度组装复杂性来制造,密封化合物例如以周边珠滴形式被喷涂在边缘侧上,并且随后将两个以上的织物件相互叠置,然后将这些织物件粘接起来。此外,织物层带有接缝以确保粘合接缝有足够强度。其它部件如束带、环圈等必须在进一步的加工步骤中被缝上以便成形(有或没有密封化合物)。该方法非常耗时且昂贵并且需要大量人工加工步骤。然而,可用于整个模块的车辆座椅内安装空间十分有限。缝合的远侧气囊需要更大的安装空间要求,因为接缝和多个织物层的体积很大。
EP3127758A1披露一种远侧气囊装置,它具有两层气囊,两层气囊被缝合多次并且在其内部有平行于外层且按照既定方式具有尺寸和定位的不同织物片被缝合以便针对充气情况控制此外两层气囊的空间结构。此外,为了连接两个外织物层而加上既定的连接接缝。从上述文件的描述中可以明显看到远侧气囊的制造既费力又耗时。
DE102019002441A1公开一种OPW气囊,其具有至少三个织物层,即下织物层、上织物层和设于其间的中间织物层。在所述文献中,中间织物层的经线和纬线在OPW气囊的第一部分区域自中间织物层浮现并在下织物层和上织物层之间完全浮动并且在OPW气囊的第二部分区域被编织入下织物层或上织物层中。但此处提出的构造极其大面积,这使得在非常狭窄情况下例如在机动车内布置膝部气囊的情况下无法安装。
本发明的目的是提出一种气囊,借此避免或至少显著减少从现有技术中已知的缺点。
该目的通过一种如权利要求1所述的一件式织造(OPW)气囊来达成,即,一种具有经线和纬线的一件式织造(OPW)气囊,该气囊按照至少三个织物层、即下织物层、上织物层和布置在其间的中间织物层来织造,其特征在于,中间织物层的经线和纬线在选定的流通区域中浮动。根据本发明的OPW气囊有利地是OPW(一件式织造)气囊,其在单个工序中被一件式机织并且自织机完全编织而成地有利地已经配备并配设有其所有功能特征。根据本发明的构造可实现气囊的空间非常小且紧凑的构造和因此尤其将其用在膝部气囊布置的结构中。在流通区域中浮动的经线和没有线不通过编织连接而相连。因此,中间织物层在该区域是透气的。因此,例如在上织物层和中间织物层之间供入的空气可以流过中间织物层的流通区域并且可以进入中间织物层和下织物层之间的区域。当然,同样的情况也可适用在另一个方向上。在空气流经该流通区域的过程中,中间织物层的经线和纬线相对于各自线路径横向服,并允许流入空气流过中间织物层。本发明的气囊不需要从现有技术已知的单独布置的所谓流入区域,因此可以具有比在先前已知的气囊中的情况小得多的总体设计。为了满足各种规定的不渗透性要求,它只需在每种情况下被单独配设有密封剂。与现有技术中已知的气囊相比,这导致显著的成本节约并且可以缩短制造时间。在充气操作中,两个室可通过一个发生器或充气机被同时充气并且已经形成稳定的气囊。此外,目的是以此基本结构满足欧洲NCAP要求。
在本发明的一个有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于所选的流通区域被边界区域包围,在边界区域中存在比中间织物层的基本织纹更致密的织纹(weave)。
如果鉴于下织物层和/或上织物层的结构(关键词:结合)中间织物层不应该可以在流通区域中被设计成平纹织物,则可以在浮动的经线和纬线区域的周围部分使用比中间织物层的基本织纹更致密的织纹如平纹织物作为加强。
在本发明的另一有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于上织物层和中间织物层在选定区域中通过X系绳(X-tethers)相互连接。根据本发明的这种构造允许精确控制在上织物层与中间织物层之间的空间的单独期望成形。在此也有如下情况,在两个织物层在此通过X系绳相互连接的选定区域中,根据本发明,可以有利地以期望方式限制气囊在充气期间的局部膨胀及其尺寸。
在本发明的一个相似的有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于下织物层和中间织物层层通过X系绳在选定区域相互连接。关于上述实施例的陈述在此同样适用。
在本发明的又一有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于,上织物层和中间织物层在它们之间包围出上空气室,下织物层与中间织物层在它们之间包围出下空气室,并且上空气室具有用于容纳发生器的发生器口。这种布置的优点尤其在于气囊的所有气室都可通过单个发生器口被充气。
在本发明的又一有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于它在上空气室和/或下空气室中具有加强室。这种构造允许在充气期间根据本发明控制气囊的一部分相对于气囊的另一部分的曲率。
在本发明的又一个有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于X系绳柱布置在上空气室和/或下空气室中。
通过X系绳柱和加强室的不同布置,可以在气囊充气期间有针对性地获得个别部分相对于其它部分的曲率。
最后,在本发明的又一个有利实施例中,OPW气囊的特征在于它在其外表面配设有聚合物层。具有这种密封化合物的涂层有利地增大织物层的不透气性,因此提高在充气压力下的气囊的尺寸稳定性。
本发明的主题尤其可被用在膝部气囊的领域。
为了更好地理解本发明,以下将在附图的帮助下基于一个实施例来简要描述本发明。
图1极其概略地示出处于未充气状态的OPW气囊的三层的透视图,其三层在分解视图中被示出。
图2以侧视图极其概略地示出图1的OPW气囊。
图3以平面图极其概略地示出本发明的OPW气囊连同插入的充气机的一个实施例。
图4极其概略地从左侧看地示出图3的OPW气囊。
图5极其概略地示出本发明的OPW气囊的一个实施例,其具有发生器口,充气机或发生器在上织物层和中间织物层之间被插入发生器口中。
图1示出在显著分解状态下的三个织物层的布置,即彼此叠置的上织物层OG、中间织物层MG和下织物层UG的布置。上织物层OG和下织物层UG包含经线KF和纬线SF,它们例如以平纹L1/1形式连续编织在一起;就像中间织物层MG一样,尽管那里的经线KF和纬线SF在例如通过矩形方格区被近似居中示出的流通区域DSB在中间织物层中延伸得更远,但它们没有彼此交织而是浮动的,就是说(如本领域技术人员所知),在该区域中,经线KF和纬线SF没有通过编织结合而相连,而是以如下方式位于织物中,即它们可以关于其走向平行且横向地移位。如果空气流LS应横向于中间织物层MG在流通区域DSB中被施加,则该区域中的经线KF和纬线SF横向屈服并允许在所指示的方向L上流经在该区域中的中间织物层。
在图1的左侧,经线KF和纬线SF的走向由两个箭头指示,K用于经线方向,S用于纬线方向。箭头II旨在指明根据图2的视图的织物层的观察方向。图2同样略微分解地示出织物层OG、MG、UG以便更加清楚。事实上,在静止状态下,织物层相互平放叠置以便致密相互支承。流通区域DSB可以在虚线所示的区段中被看到,就像箭头L和打算指明上述空气流LS运动的另一个箭头那样。
虽然上述图1和图2示出纯粹的概略图,但图3已表明本发明的示例性的一件式织造(OPW)气囊LUS。在平面图中能看到例如具有正方形构造的气囊LUS,并且存在上织物层OG的视图,在上织物层下方(如在观察方向上所看到地)是中间织物层MG和下织物层UG,仅指明中间织物层的在该视图中实际上看不见的流通区域DSB。上述三个织物层OG、MG、UG在其周边在织造接缝WN区域内在“一层”中被相互织造,以形成单个织造层,上织物层OG和中间织物层MG包围出被称为上室OLK的可以在图4中清楚看到的空间,图4示出根据图3的箭头IV的视图,下织物层UG和中间织物层MG包围出一个被称为下室UK的空间。三个织物层就像在织造接缝WN中一样并合并且在该区域内形成单层。发生器G以突入上室OLK中的形式布置在发生器口GM中。一旦发生器G被启动,它就将空气或气体通过例如布置在其头部中的多个开口沿箭头AL方向吹送到上室OLK中,结果是,上室被充气。大约与此同时,空气根据箭头L流过流通区域DSB,不受流通区域DSB的浮动线的阻碍地进入气囊LUS的下室UK并且也充气下室UK。下室UK的织物层、即下织物层UG和中间织物层MG通过示意性示出的织造接缝UWN被编织在一起,织造接缝以这种方式对外封闭下室UK。
如图5所示,如图4所示相当松散地布置在空气室OLK中的发生器G实际上致密支承在上织物层OG和中间织物层MG上。用实线表示的发生器G用虚线表示地布置在气囊中。根据图5的透视图示出未充气的气囊LUS连同被加入发生器口GM中的发生器G。也打算在此示出发生器G位于上织物层OG和中间织物层MG之间。在图5中用虚线表示的流通区域DSB实际上在该图中看不见,只是为了清楚起见被示出。
图4所示的情况出于简单考虑表示理想化情况,此时根据本发明的气囊被充气。与已知解决方案(来自现有技术)相比,可以看到本发明气囊的紧凑小巧结构,其有利地不具有专用流入区域,故非常适用于狭窄的空间条件例如像在用于膝部气囊的机动车脚部区域中。
然后,上述流通区域DSB确保位于流通区域的上方或下方的空气室能在发生器启动时通过具有部分漂浮的经线和纬线KF、SF的中间织物层MG并非缓慢而是快速地且动态地被充气。在此区域中,中间织物层MG的浮动线形成空气通道,通过该空气通道可以实现在彼此叠置的两个空气室OLK、ULK之间的动态空气交换。
本发明气囊的织物层可以可选地配设有布置在既定位置上的所谓的X系绳以限制充气期间的局部膨胀。目的尤其在于提出一种气囊,可借此在充气状态下实现更高的刚性和改善的立体形状。此处的问题是即使在所在之处受限情况下也提出解决之道,其就设计而言适于通过一个或多个通过浮动的经线和纬线提供的空气通道(例如这里讨论的流通区域DSB)就流动而言将上空气室OLK和下空气室ULK彼此连通并确保快速的空气交换。
上述加强织纹例如在流通区域周围的中间织物层内的平纹旨在确保在流通区域不会出现由机械载荷或热负载造成的损坏。重要的是该流通区域DSB的横截面保持结构既定尺寸以获得彼此叠置的独立空气室的计划充气速度。
如果鉴于下织物层UG和/或上织物层OG的结构(关键词:“结合”)中间织物层MG在根据本发明空气将通过浮动的经线和纬线在此将引导经过的腔室区域中应该无法设计成平纹织物,则可以作为加强至少部分围绕浮动区域采用比中间织物层MG的基本织纹更致密的织纹如平纹。
腔室充气速度同样可以通过中间织物层内的流通区域的面积大小被影响。这例如意味着,通过增减通向下空气室的流通区域的横截面,可以更快或更慢地给在此例如通过发生器被充气的上空气室充加内压。对于没有直接通过发生器来充气而是仅通过中间织物层中的流通区域被间接充气的空气室,这同样意味着它可以在上述相互依存中被更动态或者甚至不怎么动态地充气。结果,气囊可以有针对性地更快或更慢地在下空气室或上空气室中被充气。当然,这只能在高度动态范围内看到,但可以对优化本发明气囊从气囊模块中展开/膨胀做出积极贡献。
附图标记列表
AL充气空气
DSB流通区域
G发生器
GM发生器口
L箭头
LS气流
LUS气囊
MG中间织物层
OG上织物层
OLK上空气室
UG下织物层
ULK 下空气室
UWN 下织造接缝
WN织造接缝
Claims (8)
1.一种具有经线和纬线的一件式织造OPW气囊,所述经线和纬线按至少三个织物层、即下织物层(UG)、上织物层(OG)和中间布置的中间织物层(MG)来织造,其特征在于,所述中间织物层(MG)的所述经线和所述纬线在选定的流通区域(DSB)中浮动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述选定的流通区域(DSB)被边界区域包围,在所述边界区域中存在比所述中间织物层(MG)的基本织纹更致密的织纹。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述上织物层(OG)和所述中间织物层(MG)在选定区域中通过X系绳相互连接。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述下织物层(UG)和所述中间织物层(MG)在选定区域中通过X系绳相互连接。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述上织物层(OG)和所述中间织物层(MG)在它们之间包围出上空气室(OLK),并且所述下织物层(OG)和所述中间织物层(MG)在它们之间包围出下空气室(ULK),并且所述上空气室(OLK)具有用于容纳发生器(G)的发生器口(GM)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述OPW气囊在所述上空气室和/或所述下空气室(OLK)中具有加强室。
7.根据权利要求6所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,多个X系绳柱被布置在所述上空气室和/或所述下空气室(OLK)中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的OPW气囊,其特征在于,所述OPW气囊在其外表面配设有聚合物层。
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DE102021126956.3 | 2021-10-18 | ||
DE102021126956.3A DE102021126956A1 (de) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | OPW-Luftsack |
PCT/EP2022/076840 WO2023066623A1 (de) | 2021-10-18 | 2022-09-27 | In einem stück gewebter mindestens dreilagiger luftsack |
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DE102020108396B3 (de) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-08-12 | Global Safety Textiles Gmbh | OPW-Luftsack |
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