CN118084996A - 可逆终止核苷酸及其在dna合成测序及单分子测序中的应用 - Google Patents
可逆终止核苷酸及其在dna合成测序及单分子测序中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可逆终止核苷酸及其在DNA合成测序及单分子测序中的应用,所述荧光标记核苷酸典型结构其中Base为U,C,A,G四个不同的碱基;R是将噻唑烷连接单元与核苷酸连接在一起的化学分子基团;Cleavable Linker为噻唑烷连接单元;R1是将噻唑烷连接单元与荧光素连接在一起的化学分子基团;Dye是荧光染料。该可逆终止核苷酸在参与DNA链延伸后,可快速发生断裂。断裂后,残留在碱基上的基团较小,有利于DNA合成测序的顺利进行。在DNA合成测序及单分子测序中,连接单元可快死断裂,反应干净彻底,几乎没有观察到副反应发生;且该类化合物合成简单方便,且可以大量合成,能够极大降低测序成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程技术领域,具体地,涉及一种可逆终止核苷酸及其在DNA合成测序及单分子测序中的应用。
背景技术
DNA测序技术是现代生物学研究中重要的手段之一。人类基因组计划完成后,DNA测序技术得到了迅速发展。DNA测序(DNA sequencing)是指分析特定DNA片段的碱基序列,也就是腺嘌呤(A)、胸腺嘧啶(T)、胞嘧啶(C)与鸟嘌呤(G)的排列方式。发展精确、高通量、低成本的DNA测序方法对于生物、医药科学等具有非常重要的意义。
合成法测序(Sequencing By Synthesis,SBS)是新一代DNA测序技术之一。合成测序方法通过把大量待测的模板DNA片段进行固定,并在固定的DNA测序模板上杂交结合通用的DNA引物,分别控制四种核苷酸在DNA引物上的延伸。通过检测延伸反应过程或延伸核苷酸,实现高通量并行的DNA序列信息的检测。
在合成法测序中,首先要合成DNA链延伸所需要的四色荧光标记四种不同碱基的核苷酸,即可逆终止核苷酸(reversible terminator)。早期的可逆终止核苷酸,除了要求3ˊ-羟基阻断外,为了不影响下一个可逆终止核苷酸的延伸与识别,还要求通过一个可裂解连接单元把核苷酸和荧光素连接起来。然后,在下一个可逆终止核苷酸并入之前,在温和的条件下使这个连接单元断裂,以便继续DNA链的延长,从而读出DNA碱基的序列。该连接单元对合成法测序的读长和效率有重要的影响,因此,人们也一直致力于发展新的可裂解连接单元,以提高DNA测序的效率。目前已报道的连接单元有二硫化合物,偶氮化合物,缩酮化合物,邻硝基苄基化合物,邻二醇化合物,叠氮化合物,烯丙酯化合物等。然而,基于噻唑烷化合物的可逆终止核苷酸的合成还没有相关报道。本发明发现噻唑烷连接单元的断裂条件温和快速,非常适合作为可断裂连接单元用于DNA测序。
可裂解连接单元对DNA测序的读长和效率有重要的影响,而现有的连接单元存在裂解条件不够温和、裂解效率不高,用于测序时读长太短等缺点,因此,设计、合成新的可裂解连接单元,并探索合适的裂解条件对于提高测序的效率、发展新的测序方法有非常重要的意义。在这种情况下,本发明发展了一类基于噻唑烷连接单元的新型可逆终止核苷酸,在温和的条件下,连接单元可快速断裂,反应干净彻底,几乎没有观察到副反应发生。
发明内容
针对现有测序技术中的缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种新型可逆终止核苷酸及其在DNA合成测序及单分子测序中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸(是一种新型四色荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸测序试剂),总的结构式如下所示:
在该结构式中,Base为U,C,A,G四个不同的碱基;R是将噻唑烷连接单元与核苷酸连接在一起的化学分子基团;CleavableLinker为噻唑烷连接单元;R1是将噻唑烷连接单元与荧光素连接在一起的化学分子基团;Dye是荧光染料。Dye具体包括Cy3,Cy5,Cy2,Cy3.5,TAMRA,FITC,sulfo-Cy3,sulfo-Cy2,sulfo-Cy5,sulfo-Cy3.5等。
本发明提供了一种新型荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸,按照连接单元的种类可分为如下结构:
本发明提供的新型可逆终止核苷酸DNA测序试剂(结构式1),其中Base为U,C,A,G四个不同的碱基;R是将噻唑烷连接单元与核苷酸连接在一起的化学分子基团;R1是将噻唑烷连接单元与荧光素连接在一起的化学分子基团;Dye是荧光染料。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,R为
作为本发明的一个实施方案,R1为
优选地,结构式1具体结构如下所示:
本发明还提供了一种噻唑烷可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法;所述方法包括如下步骤:
S1、乙醛酸和化合物反应得到
S2、化合物和化合物反应后脱除三氟乙酰基保护得到化合物
S3、化合物和Sulf-Cy3-NHS、Cy3-NHS、Cy5-NHS、FITC-NHS或Cy3.5-NHS反应,即得所述荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,所述化合物(n=1-10)是通过包括如下步骤的方法制备而得:N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸与二胺化合物经过酰胺缩合反应得化合物再和三氟乙酸乙酯反应保护氨基,得到化合物使用三氟乙酸和三乙基硅烷脱除Trt和Boc保护基团得到所述化合物
作为本发明的一个实施方案,所述化合物是通过包括如下步骤的方法制备而得:化合物与N-炔丙基三氟乙酰胺偶联后得到化合物再与2-氯-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮、三正丁胺焦磷酸盐反应,反应物醇沉取固体,加入浓氨水反应,旋干溶剂后加水溶解,分离纯化,即得。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,步骤S1是在乙醇和吡啶存在的条件下进行反应。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,步骤S2是在N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐和三乙胺存在的条件下进行反应。
本发明提供的噻唑烷荧光标记核苷酸,在参与DNA链延伸后,只需要在催化剂钯作用下,即可使连接单元快速断裂,反应干净彻底,几乎没有观察到副反应发生。
本发明还提供了该类荧光标记核苷酸在DNA合成测序以及单分子测序中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1)本发明的基于噻唑烷化合物的可逆终止核苷酸还没有相关报道,是新颖且高效的。
2)本发明的可逆终止核苷酸在参与DNA链延伸断裂后,残留在碱基上的基团较小,有利于DNA合成测序的进行。
3)通过对延伸产物和断裂产物的变性胶电泳和质谱分析,本发明的新型可逆终止核苷酸在DNA合成测序及单分子测序中,在钯离子作用下连接单元1min内即可快速断裂。断裂时无需氧化剂/还原剂参与,并且在中性条件下进行。该断裂条件对于DNA是温和的,DNA没有明显的损伤。反应干净彻底,几乎没有观察到副反应发生。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明所述荧光标记核苷酸的总结构式;
图2为本发明所述噻唑烷可逆终止核苷酸结构式;
图3为本发明实施例1所述的噻唑烷dUTP荧光标记核苷酸及其合成方法;
图4为本发明实施例2所述的噻唑烷dATP荧光标记核苷酸及其合成方法;
图5为本发明实施例3所述的噻唑烷dCTP荧光标记核苷酸及其合成方法;
图6为本发明实施例4所述的噻唑烷dGTP荧光标记核苷酸及其合成方法;
图7为本发明所述的荧光标记核苷酸在钯作用下快速完全断裂的路线图;
图8为实施例中可逆终止核苷酸的DNA链延伸反应的反应产物电泳分析图;其中,Lane l:引物,Lane 2:25个碱基引物作为参照物,Lane 3:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板1的延伸产物,Lane 4:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板2的延伸产物,Lane 5:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板3延伸,Lane 6:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板4延伸,Lane7:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板5延伸;
图9为实施例中可逆终止核苷酸的断裂反应的反应产物电泳分析图;其中,Lanel:引物,Lane 2:25个碱基引物作为对照,Lane 3:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸参与模板2延伸,Lane 4:dUTP可逆终止核苷酸延伸产物在钯作用下的断裂产物,Lane 5:上述断裂产物再次延伸的产物,Lane 6:上述延伸产物再次断裂的产物。
图10为本实施例1所述的MALDI-MS谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明涉及的荧光标记核苷酸的总结构式如图1所示,以下实施例均为噻唑烷可逆终止核苷酸,其结构式如图2所示。
实施例1:荧光标记核苷酸(结构式I)的合成路线
合成路线如图3所示,具体包括:
化合物1的合成:
将化合物N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸(11mmol,5.0g)和N,N-羰基二咪唑(13mmol,2.1g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中反应30min后,加入无水乙二胺(54mmol,3.2g),混合物室温下反应1h,柱层析纯化后以86%产率得化合物。
化合物2的合成:
将化合物1(5mmol,2.5g)、三氟乙酸乙酯(10mmol,1.4g)和三乙胺(15mmol,1.5g)在甲醇(100mL)中反应24h,柱层析纯化后以82%产率得化合物。1H NMR(700MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78(s,1H),7.41(d,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.30(t,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),6.43(s,1H),4.78(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.55-3.23(m,4H),2.72(dd,J=13.2,7.1Hz,1H),2.52(dd,J=13.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.40(s,9H).13C NMR(176MHz,Chloroform-d)δ172.50,157.69(q,J=37.2Hz),155.61,144.19,129.49,128.14,127.02,115.78(q,J=287.7Hz),80.81,67.41,53.86,40.59,38.68,33.34,28.18.
化合物3的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物2(0.5mmol,300.0mg)和三乙基硅烷(0.5mmol,58.1mg)在三氟乙酸(1mL)和二氯甲烷(2mL)的混合溶剂中反应1h,去除Boc保护基和Trt保护基后柱层析纯化以64%产率得化合物。
化合物4的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物3(0.2mmol,51.9mg)和乙醛酸(50%in H2O,0.4mmol,29.6mg)溶解在乙醇(1.5mL)和吡啶(0.6mL)的混合溶剂中反应3h,柱层析纯化后以53%产率得化合物;1H NMR(700MHz,Methanol-d4)δ4.79(s,0.47H),4.71(s,0.52H),4.40(dd,J=6.7,2.6Hz,0.53H),3.79(dd,J=8.5,6.1Hz,0.46H),3.56-3.33(m,4H),3.10(m,1H),2.89(m,1H).13C NMR(176MHz,Methanol-d4)δ176.27,176.06,173.24,172.16,158.61-157.29(m),120.48-112.16(m),67.80,67.40,67.20,67.06,39.11,38.93,37.90,37.85,36.91,34.51.
化合物5的合成:
在碘化铜(0.2mmol,38mg)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.04mmol,46mg)和三乙胺(1.6mL)存在的条件下,三氟乙酰基丙炔胺(3mmol,0.45g)和碘苷(2mmol,0.71g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(14mL)中氮气保护下反应24h,柱层析纯化以61%的产率得化合物。
化合物6的合成:
将三正丁胺焦磷酸盐(0.75mmol,411mg)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)和三正丁胺(1mL)的混合溶剂中,向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)的2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷-4-酮(0.5mmol,101mg),混合物搅拌30min。反应后,再向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)的化合物5(0.5mmol,188mg)。反应3h后,加入3%碘溶液(吡啶/水=9/1),反应15min棕褐色不褪色,再加入水(10mL)反应3h。加入适量饱和氯化钠和乙醇沉降出粗产物。粗产物溶于浓氨水(5mL)中反应6h以脱除三氟乙酰基。通过制备HPLC分离,以45%的产率得化合物。1H NMR(700MHz,Deuterium Oxide)δ8.33(s,1H),6.14(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.52(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.20-4.09(m,2H),4.04(s,1H),3.86(d,J=2.9Hz,2H),2.34-2.21(m,2H).31P NMR(283MHz,Deuterium Oxide)δ-7.03(d,J=20.2Hz),-11.43(d,J=19.0Hz),-22.05(t,J=19.1Hz).
化合物7的合成:
化合物4(0.1mmol,31.5mg)在N,N,N,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(0.12mmol,36.1mg)、三乙胺(0.3mmol,30.4mg)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)中活化30min后,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(1.5mL)中氨基化的dNTP化合物6(0.1mmol,52.1mg),混合物反应3h。产物溶于氨水(2mL)中反应3h脱除三氟乙酰基,通过制备HPLC分离,以42%产率得化合物;MALDI-MS:calc.for C19H30N6O16P3S+[M]+723.0646,found723.0683.
化合物8的合成:
将荧光染料Cy3(0.016mmol,10mg)溶于三乙胺(0.016mmol,1.6mg)和无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(2mL)中的化合物7(0.008mmol,5.8mg),混合物反应3h,通过制备HPLC分离,以55%产率得到所述可逆终止核苷酸。如图10,MALDI-MS:calc.for C49H64N8O17P3S+[M]+1161.3317,found1161.3299.
实施例2:荧光标记核苷酸(结构式II)的合成路线
合成路线如图4所示,具体包括:
化合物1的合成:
将化合物N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸(11mmol,5.0g)和N,N-羰基二咪唑(13mmol,2.1g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中反应30min后,加入无水乙二胺(54mmol,3.2g),混合物室温下反应1h,柱层析纯化后以86%产率得化合物。
化合物2的合成:
将化合物1(5mmol,2.5g)、三氟乙酸乙酯(10mmol,1.4g)和三乙胺(15mmol,1.5g)在甲醇(100mL)中反应24h,柱层析纯化后以82%产率得化合物。1H NMR(700MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78(s,1H),7.41(d,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.30(t,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),6.43(s,1H),4.78(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.55-3.23(m,4H),2.72(dd,J=13.2,7.1Hz,1H),2.52(dd,J=13.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.40(s,9H).13C NMR(176MHz,Chloroform-d)δ172.50,157.69(q,J=37.2Hz),155.61,144.19,129.49,128.14,127.02,115.78(q,J=287.7Hz),80.81,67.41,53.86,40.59,38.68,33.34,28.18.
化合物3的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物2(0.5mmol,300.0mg)和三乙基硅烷(0.5mmol,58.1mg)在三氟乙酸(1mL)和二氯甲烷(2mL)的混合溶剂中反应1h,去除Boc保护基和Trt保护基后柱层析纯化以64%产率得化合物。
化合物4的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物3(0.2mmol,51.9mg)和乙醛酸(50%in H2O,0.4mmol,29.6mg)溶解在乙醇(1.5mL)和吡啶(0.6mL)的混合溶剂中反应3h,柱层析纯化后以53%产率得化合物;1H NMR(700MHz,Methanol-d4)δ4.79(s,0.47H),4.71(s,0.52H),4.40(dd,J=6.7,2.6Hz,0.53H),3.79(dd,J=8.5,6.1Hz,0.46H),3.56-3.33(m,4H),3.10(m,1H),2.89(m,1H).13C NMR(176MHz,Methanol-d4)δ176.27,176.06,173.24,172.16,158.61-157.29(m),120.48-112.16(m),67.80,67.40,67.20,67.06,39.11,38.93,37.90,37.85,36.91,34.51.
化合物9的合成:
在碘化铜(0.2mmol,38mg)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.04mmol,46mg)和三乙胺(1.6mL)存在的条件下,三氟乙酰基丙炔胺(3mmol,0.45g)和碘苷(2mmol,0.75g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(14mL)中氮气保护下反应24h,柱层析纯化以67%的产率得化合物。
化合物10的合成:
将三正丁胺焦磷酸盐(0.75mmol,411mg)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)和三正丁胺(1mL)的混合溶剂中,向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)的2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷-4-酮(0.5mmol,101mg),混合物搅拌30min。反应后,再向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)的化合物9(0.5mmol,199mg)。反应3h后,加入3%碘溶液(吡啶/水=9/1),反应15min棕褐色不褪色,再加入水(10mL)反应3h。加入适量饱和氯化钠和乙醇沉降出粗产物。粗产物溶于浓氨水(5mL)中反应6h以脱除三氟乙酰基。通过制备HPLC分离,以41%的产率得化合物。MALDI-MS:calc.for C14H21N5O12P3 +[M]+544.0394,found544.0389.
化合物11的合成:
让化合物4(0.1mmol,31.5mg)在N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(0.12mmol,36.1mg)、三乙胺(0.3mmol,30.4mg)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)中活化30min后,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(1.5mL)中氨基化的dATP化合物10(0.1mmol,54.0mg),混合物反应3h。产物溶于氨水(2mL)中反应3h脱除三氟乙酰基,通过制备HPLC分离,以47%产率得化合物;MALDI-MS:calc.for C21H32N8O14P3S+[M]+745.0966,found 745.0923.
化合物12的合成:
将荧光染料CY5(0.016mmol,9.3mg)溶于三乙胺(0.016mmol,1.6mg)和无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(2mL)中的化合物11(0.008mmol,6.0mg),混合物反应3h,通过制备HPLC分离,以57%产率得到所述可逆终止核苷酸。MALDI-MS:calc.for C53H68N10O15P3S+[M]+1209.3794,found1209.3761.
实施例3:荧光标记核苷酸(结构式III)的合成路线
合成路线如图5所示,具体包括:
化合物1的合成:
将化合物N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸(11mmol,5.0g)和N,N-羰基二咪唑(13mmol,2.1g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中反应30min后,加入无水乙二胺(54mmol,3.2g),混合物室温下反应1h,柱层析纯化后以86%产率得化合物。
化合物2的合成:
将化合物1(5mmol,2.5g)、三氟乙酸乙酯(10mmol,1.4g)和三乙胺(15mmol,1.5g)在甲醇(100mL)中反应24h,柱层析纯化后以82%产率得化合物。1H NMR(700MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78(s,1H),7.41(d,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.30(t,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),6.43(s,1H),4.78(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.55-3.23(m,4H),2.72(dd,J=13.2,7.1Hz,1H),2.52(dd,J=13.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.40(s,9H).13C NMR(176MHz,Chloroform-d)δ172.50,157.69(q,J=37.2Hz),155.61,144.19,129.49,128.14,127.02,115.78(q,J=287.7Hz),80.81,67.41,53.86,40.59,38.68,33.34,28.18.
化合物3的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物2(0.5mmol,300.0mg)和三乙基硅烷(0.5mmol,58.1mg)在三氟乙酸(1mL)和二氯甲烷(2mL)的混合溶剂中反应1h,去除Boc保护基和Trt保护基后柱层析纯化以64%产率得化合物。
化合物4的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物3(0.2mmol,51.9mg)和乙醛酸(50%in H2O,0.4mmol,29.6mg)溶解在乙醇(1.5mL)和吡啶(0.6mL)的混合溶剂中反应3h,柱层析纯化后以53%产率得化合物;1H NMR(700MHz,Methanol-d4)δ4.79(s,0.47H),4.71(s,0.52H),4.40(dd,J=6.7,2.6Hz,0.53H),3.79(dd,J=8.5,6.1Hz,0.46H),3.56-3.33(m,4H),3.10(m,1H),2.89(m,1H).13C NMR(176MHz,Methanol-d4)δ176.27,176.06,173.24,172.16,158.61-157.29(m),120.48-112.16(m),67.80,67.40,67.20,67.06,39.11,38.93,37.90,37.85,36.91,34.51.
化合物13的合成:
在碘化铜(0.2mmol,38mg)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.04mmol,46mg)和三乙胺(1.6mL)存在的条件下,三氟乙酰基丙炔胺(3mmol,0.45g)和碘苷(2mmol,0.70g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(14mL)中氮气保护下反应24h,柱层析纯化以57%的产率得化合物。
化合物14的合成:
将三正丁胺焦磷酸盐(0.75mmol,411mg)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)和三正丁胺(1mL)的混合溶剂中,向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)的2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷-4-酮(0.5mmol,101mg),混合物搅拌30min。反应后,再向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)的化合物13(0.5mmol,188mg)。反应3h后,加入3%碘溶液(吡啶/水=9/1),反应15min棕褐色不褪色,再加入水(10mL)反应3h。加入适量饱和氯化钠和乙醇沉降出粗产物。粗产物溶于浓氨水(5mL)中反应6h以脱除三氟乙酰基。通过制备HPLC分离,以49%的产率得化合物。MALDI-MS:calc.for C12H20N4O13P3 +[M]+521.0234,found521.0256.
化合物15的合成:
让化合物4(0.1mmol,31.5mg)在N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(0.12mmol,36.1mg)、三乙胺(0.3mmol,30.4mg)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)中活化30min后,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(1.5mL)中氨基化的dCTP化合物14(0.1mmol,52.0mg),混合物反应3h。产物溶于氨水(2mL)中反应3h脱除三氟乙酰基,通过制备HPLC分离,以43%产率得化合物;MALDI-MS:calc.for C19H31N7O15P3S+[M]+722.0806,found 722.0863.
化合物16的合成:
将荧光染料FITC(0.016mmol,9.7mg)溶于三乙胺(0.016mmol,1.6mg)和无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(2mL)中的化合物15(0.008mmol,5.8mg),混合物反应3h,通过制备HPLC分离,以59%产率得到所述可逆终止核苷酸。MALDI-MS:calc.for C45H51N9O21P3S2 +[M]+1210.1848,found1210.1841.
实施例4:荧光标记核苷酸(结构式IV)的合成路线
合成路线如图6所示,具体包括:
化合物1的合成:
将化合物N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸(11mmol,5.0g)和N,N-羰基二咪唑(13mmol,2.1g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中反应30min后,加入无水乙二胺(54mmol,3.2g),混合物室温下反应1h,柱层析纯化后以86%产率得化合物。
化合物2的合成:
将化合物1(5mmol,2.5g)、三氟乙酸乙酯(10mmol,1.4g)和三乙胺(15mmol,1.5g)在甲醇(100mL)中反应24h,柱层析纯化后以82%产率得化合物。1H NMR(700MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78(s,1H),7.41(d,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.30(t,J=7.8Hz,6H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),6.43(s,1H),4.78(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.55-3.23(m,4H),2.72(dd,J=13.2,7.1Hz,1H),2.52(dd,J=13.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.40(s,9H).13C NMR(176MHz,Chloroform-d)δ172.50,157.69(q,J=37.2Hz),155.61,144.19,129.49,128.14,127.02,115.78(q,J=287.7Hz),80.81,67.41,53.86,40.59,38.68,33.34,28.18.
化合物3的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物2(0.5mmol,300.0mg)和三乙基硅烷(0.5mmol,58.1mg)在三氟乙酸(1mL)和二氯甲烷(2mL)的混合溶剂中反应1h,去除Boc保护基和Trt保护基后柱层析纯化以64%产率得化合物。
化合物4的合成:
在氮气保护下,将化合物3(0.2mmol,51.9mg)和乙醛酸(50%in H2O,0.4mmol,29.6mg)溶解在乙醇(1.5mL)和吡啶(0.6mL)的混合溶剂中反应3h,柱层析纯化后以53%产率得化合物;1H NMR(700MHz,Methanol-d4)δ4.79(s,0.47H),4.71(s,0.52H),4.40(dd,J=6.7,2.6Hz,0.53H),3.79(dd,J=8.5,6.1Hz,0.46H),3.56-3.33(m,4H),3.10(m,1H),2.89(m,1H).13C NMR(176MHz,Methanol-d4)δ176.27,176.06,173.24,172.16,158.61-157.29(m),120.48-112.16(m),67.80,67.40,67.20,67.06,39.11,38.93,37.90,37.85,36.91,34.51.
化合物17的合成:
在碘化铜(0.2mmol,38mg)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.04mmol,46mg)和三乙胺(1.6mL)存在的条件下,三氟乙酰基丙炔胺(3mmol,0.45g)和碘苷(2mmol,0.78g)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(14mL)中氮气保护下反应24h,柱层析纯化以52%的产率得化合物。
化合物18的合成:
将三正丁胺焦磷酸盐(0.75mmol,411mg)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)和三正丁胺(1mL)的混合溶剂中,向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)的2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷-4-酮(0.5mmol,101mg),混合物搅拌30min。反应后,再向溶液中加入溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)的化合物17(0.5mmol,208mg)。反应3h后,加入3%碘溶液(吡啶/水=9/1),反应15min棕褐色不褪色,再加入水(10mL)反应3h。加入适量饱和氯化钠和乙醇沉降出粗产物。粗产物溶于浓氨水(5mL)中反应6h以脱除三氟乙酰基。通过制备HPLC分离,以43%的产率得化合物。MALDI-MS:calc.for C14H21N5O13P3 +[M]+560.0343,found560.0380.
化合物19的合成:
让化合物4(0.1mmol,31.5mg)在N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(0.12mmol,36.1mg)、三乙胺(0.3mmol,30.4mg)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)中活化30min后,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(1.5mL)中氨基化的dGTP化合物18(0.1mmol,56.0mg),混合物反应3h。产物溶于氨水(2mL)中反应3h脱除三氟乙酰基,通过制备HPLC分离,以49%产率得化合物;MALDI-MS:calc.for C21H32N8O15P3S+[M]+761.0915,found 761.0982.
化合物20的合成:
将荧光染料CY3.5(0.016mmol,10.5mg)溶于三乙胺(0.016mmol,1.6mg)和无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中,加入溶解在碳酸氢钠-碳酸钠缓冲溶液(2mL)中的化合物19(0.008mmol,6.0mg),混合物反应3h,通过制备HPLC分离,以51%产率得到所述可逆终止核苷酸。MALDI-MS:calc.for C59H70N10O16P3S+[M]+1299.3899,found1299.3857.
实施例5:四色荧光标记核苷酸在钯催化剂作用下快速完全断裂
断裂试验路线如图7所示。实施例1-实施例4制备的四色荧光标记核苷酸(式I-式IV结构)在钯离子作用下连接单元1min内即可快速断裂。断裂时无需氧化剂/还原剂参与,并且在中性条件下进行。反应后的产物(1H-NMR和HR-MS表征)表明,断裂效率100%。变性胶PAGE证实(图9),该该断裂条件对于DNA是温和的,DNA没有明显的损伤,断裂干净彻底,没有副产物生成。
实施例6:可逆终止剂的DNA链延伸反应
实施例1-实施例4合成的可逆终止核苷酸I-IV用测序胶证实可顺利参与DNA链延伸、断裂,具有用于DNA测序的潜力,能够满足DNA合成测序的要求。
(1)DNA链退火和延伸
取摩尔比为1:1的模板(template)和引物(primer),如表1所示,混匀,在95℃保持3min,然后以0.1℃,/min的速度缓慢降至室温,得到DNA双链(dsDNA);按照表2所列的成分配制20μL延伸反应液体系,将配制好的反应液混匀,在PCR仪(Bio-rad T100,US)上进行链延伸反应,反应条件:65℃5min→16℃保持。
(2)断裂
DNA链延伸后,乙醇沉降出DNA,加入50uM氯化烯丙基钯(II)10uL,在37℃下处理1min。反应产物用于后续的可逆终止核苷酸的延伸反应。
(3)凝胶电泳检测
将延伸及断裂后的样品,进行凝胶电泳分析,凝胶为含有7M尿素的12%变性聚丙烯酰胺。电泳前,制备的凝胶在2000V电压和40W恒定功率下运行30min。取1μL样品(约15ng/μL DNA)与2μL含有标记染料的上样缓冲液混合,然后加样电泳,在2000V电压和40W恒定功率下运行3h。然后在785nm激光激发下,使用Odyssey红外成像系统(LI-COR Biosciences,US)观察得到凝胶,图8、图9实验结果表明,在测序循环中,可逆终止核苷酸可实现100%延伸,延伸后的产物可100%断裂,第一次延伸产物断裂后,第二次仍然可以实现100%延伸以及100%断裂,并且当模板存在连续多个相同碱基时,我们合成的可逆终止核苷酸一次测序循环只延伸一个碱基。
表1DNA合成测序模板与引物
表2DNA合成测序的缓冲液体系
实施例7:四色荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸DNA单分子测序系统
本实施例提供了一种DNA单分子测序系统和测序方法,在本实施例中选择实施例1-实施例4制备的可逆终止核苷酸I-IV作为四色荧光可逆终止核苷酸测序试剂。
四条不同的待测模板序列如下:
5’-CTACGTTCGAACTACTAACTTGATGTAGCTTCGTAGTAATTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTT-3’(序列1),
5’-CTACGTTCGAACTACTAATGGCCAACTTTAGGTACAGGCTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTT-3’(序列2),
5’-CTACGTTCGAACTACTAAGCAATCCGGCAGATCGTCACTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTT-3’(序列3),
5’-CTACGTTCGAACTACTAAAACTGGTACAGCCAACGTCTGTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTT-3’(序列4)。
先将上述四条不同序列的模板与固定在流通池反应器表面的引物在65℃下温育5min进行杂交,然后在DNA聚合酶的作用下用四种不同荧光标记的可逆终止核苷酸延伸引物,延伸反应时间为15min,温度为60℃。第一次延伸反应结束后通过检测延伸产物的荧光信号即可得到待测碱基的信息,然后在钯作用下,去除标记在碱基上的荧光素。以第一次延伸后的荧光成像作为定位荧光,采用相同的步骤进行第二次延伸循环,以此类推,进行多次测序循环。该实施例中,使用前一次延伸产物的荧光信息作为下一次延伸产物的定位信息,不需要在待测模板的3ˊ-端标记特定的定位荧光信息。并且在我们初步的实验过程中,我们发现四色荧光单分子测序系统不需要特意在待测模板上标记定位信息的前提下,也就不存在由于定位信息的荧光淬灭。所以本发明所述单分子测序系统能够获得长读长、低错误率的高通量的单分子测序系统。
总之,本发明所述噻唑烷四色荧光标记核苷酸,用于DNA合成测序与单分子测序均具有长读长、低错误率的特点,并且测序效率高,一次测序循环就可测定一个碱基的读长。而现有单色单分子测序系统四次测序循环才能测得一个碱基的读长,测序效率提高了四倍。
需要说明的是,本发明提供的四色荧光单分子测序系统,并不限于目前提出的几类可逆终止剂,也同样适用于其他类型的可逆终止剂。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明,而并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸,结构式如下所示:
其中Base为U,C,A,G四个不同的碱基;R是将噻唑烷连接单元与核苷酸连接在一起的化学分子基团;Cleavable Linker为噻唑烷连接单元;R1是将噻唑烷连接单元与荧光素连接在一起的化学分子基团;Dye是荧光染料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸,其特征在于,所述Dye选自Cy3、Cy5、Cy2、Cy3.5、TAMRA、FITC、sulfo-Cy3、sulfo-Cy2、sulfo-Cy5或sulfo-Cy3.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸,其特征在于,其结构式为:
其中Base为U,C,A,G四个不同的碱基;R为R1为Dye是荧光染料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸,其特征在于,其结构式为:
5.一种根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸在DNA合成测序和/或单分子测序中的用途。
6.一种根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
S1、乙醛酸和化合物反应得到化合物
S2、化合物和化合物反应后脱除三氟乙酰基保护得到化合物
S3、化合物和Sulf-Cy3-NHS、Cy3-NHS、Cy5-NHS、FITC-NHS或Cy3.5-NHS反应,即得所述荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物是通过包括如下步骤的方法制备而得:N-叔丁氧羰基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸与二胺化合物经过酰胺缩合反应得化合物再和三氟乙酸乙酯反应保护氨基,得到化合物使用三氟乙酸和三乙基硅烷脱除Trt和Boc保护基团得到所述化合物
8.根据权利要求6所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物是通过包括如下步骤的方法制备而得:化合物与N-炔丙基三氟乙酰胺偶联后得到化合物再与2-氯-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮、三正丁胺焦磷酸盐反应,反应物醇沉取固体,加入浓氨水反应,旋干溶剂后加水溶解,分离纯化,即得。
9.根据权利要求6所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤S1是在乙醇和吡啶存在的条件下进行反应。
10.根据权利要求6所述的荧光标记可逆终止核苷酸的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤S2是在N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐和三乙胺存在的条件下进行反应。
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