CN118077498A - Method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa - Google Patents
Method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa, which comprises the following steps: 1) Optimizing the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer of the waxberry trees; 2) Removing pruned and in-garden weeds of the waxberry tree; 3) Spreading alfalfa base fertilizer on the ground surface and ditching strips on the section of the ground; 4) Sowing and drill sowing alfalfa seeds; 5) And (5) earthing. According to the invention, the waxberry is optimally fertilized and combined with alfalfa planting to cover the ground surface, so that the purposes of pollution control, emission reduction, soil conservation and fertilizer conservation can be achieved, the evaporation of water on the ground surface can be reduced, the effective accumulation temperature increase of the ground surface can be promoted, the growth of weeds in a garden can be inhibited, and the yield and quality of the waxberries can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa.
Background
The fruit tree planting generally adopts a clear tillage system, large area of land in an orchard is exposed, and many areas of fruit trees are planted on a bench or a sloping field, so that the erosion effect of rainfall exacerbates the loss of nutrient substances in soil from a surface runoff path to cause agricultural non-point source pollution. The conventional fertilization can increase the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural surface runoff, and the nitrogen and phosphorus have poor mobility and low diffusion rate in soil, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus easily enter a water body along with water and soil loss, and serious harm is caused to the water environment. Therefore, how to improve water and soil loss and reduce environmental pollution caused by water and soil loss is a problem to be solved currently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa, so as to realize optimized fertilization nutrients and realize pollution control and emission reduction through high-efficiency utilization.
A method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa comprises the following steps:
Step 1: planting waxberry trees;
step 2: optimizing the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer of the waxberry trees;
step 3: removing pruned and in-garden weeds of the waxberry tree;
Step 4: spreading alfalfa base fertilizer on the ground surface and ditching strips on the section of the ground;
Step 5: sowing and drill sowing alfalfa seeds;
Step 6: and (5) earthing.
Further, the method for intercropping optimized fertilization of the waxberry and the alfalfa, as described above, wherein the step 1 comprises the following steps: the planting specification of the waxberry tree is that the row spacing of the waxberry tree is 400cm, the plant spacing is 400cm, and the cultivation density is 41 plants/mu.
Further, the method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of the waxberries and the alfalfa, which is described above, comprises the following steps of: the base fertilizer is applied once during planting, and the waxberry tree is topdressed in 3 months and 6 months each year.
Further, according to the method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of the waxberries and the alfalfa, the base fertilizer of the waxberries is a biological organic fertilizer, and a mode of pit digging and deep turning is adopted, wherein the organic fertilizer is 150 kg/mu;
topdressing: gao Jia water-soluble fertilizer 22.5 kg/mu is sprayed to the waxberry tree every 3 months; 450 kg/mu of biological organic fertilizer, 135 kg/mu of biological bacterial fertilizer and 22.5 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer are applied in 6-month ditches each year.
Further, the method for intercropping optimized fertilization of the waxberry and the alfalfa as described above, wherein the step 3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of applying alfalfa bottom fertilizer into two parts, firstly, spreading biological bacterial fertilizer on a ground plane, secondly, cutting grooves with the depth of 5.5-7.5 cm on the section of the ground under the waxberry tree by using a spade on the ground, wherein the distance between the grooves is 8-12 cm, and uniformly spreading a layer of biological bacterial fertilizer with the depth of 0.2-0.4 cm into the grooves.
Further, the method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of the waxberry and the alfalfa as described above, wherein the step 5 of sowing alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
The artificial sowing quantity is 2 kg/mu, and the artificial drill sowing quantity is 3 kg/mu;
Sowing alfalfa into two parts, namely sowing the alfalfa into the grooves by using a spade, wherein the depth of the grooves is 5.5-7.5 cm in the section of the bench under the waxberry tree, the distance between the grooves is 8-12 cm, uniformly spreading a layer of biological bacterial fertilizer of 0.2-0.4 cm into the grooves, sowing alfalfa seeds in the grooves in a strip mode, and covering soil for 2-3 cm;
secondly, spreading biological bacterial fertilizer on the ground plane, then spreading alfalfa seeds, and turning the soil back and forth by using an iron nail rake to cover the alfalfa seeds by 2-3 cm; and (5) the alfalfa seeds are sowed in a complementary mode for 4-5 months in the next year.
Further, according to the method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of the waxberries and the alfalfa, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer comprises 11% of N by mass, 6% of P 2O5 by mass and 38% of K 2 O by mass.
Further, according to the method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of the waxberries and the alfalfa, the water content in the bio-organic fertilizer is 30%, the mass percentage of N is 5%, the mass percentage of P 2O5 is 5%, and the mass percentage of K 2 O is 5%.
The water content of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 30%, the mass percentage of N is 5%, the mass percentage of P 2O5% and the mass percentage of K 2 O are 5%;
The ternary compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of N in the ternary compound fertilizer is 16%, the mass percentage of P 2 O5 is 6%, and the mass percentage of K 2 O is 24%.
Further, the method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of the waxberries and the alfalfa, which is described above, comprises the following steps of: applying a base fertilizer to alfalfa: the alfalfa base fertilizer is a biological fermentation bacterial fertilizer, the dosage of the base fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60%; the application time of the base fertilizer is 4-5 months of planting in the first year, the application is carried out once when the alfalfa is sowed and combined with soil preparation, and the alfalfa is not applied with additional fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. According to the method, the fertilization mode of the waxberry tree is optimized, and the bio-organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial fertilizer are selected to replace the application of the traditional fertilizer, so that the traditional fertilization is changed, and the phenomenon that the water environment is polluted due to the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus along with water and soil is reduced; and by intercropping the myrica rubra and the alfalfa, the plant diversity is increased, the surface coverage is increased, and the water and soil loss is reduced.
2. The method of the invention reduces the surface runoff of the Myrican forest in the hillside farmland by 31%, reduces the sediment loss of the surface runoff by 60%, reduces the total nitrogen loss of the surface runoff by 77% and reduces the total phosphorus loss of the surface runoff by 43%. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can ensure the production of the waxberries, ensure the income of the growers, achieve the effects of pollution control and emission reduction, and is an effective green ecological agricultural cultivation measure.
3. After the grass is planted, the surface water and soil loss is reduced, the soil layer thickness is increased, the soil layer moisture evaporation and heat dissipation are reduced, the effective accumulation temperature of the waxberry is increased, and the fruit ripening and coloring are promoted.
4. The method is easy to master, convenient to apply and suitable for large-area popularization and application.
5. The invention sprays Gao Jia water-soluble fertilizer to the waxberry tree in 3 months each year; the mode of applying the bio-organic fertilizer, the biological bacterial fertilizer and the ternary compound fertilizer in 6 months of the year improves the use of the bio-organic fertilizer, the biological bacterial fertilizer and the compound fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers, reduces the application of purified fertilizers and promotes the absorption of plants and the development of soil.
6. The invention adopts the modes of sowing and sowing alfalfa seeds in a bench, thereby improving the growth rate of the alfalfa.
7. The invention sprays Gao Jia water-soluble fertilizer in 3 months every year, which can promote photosynthesis of plants and fruit tree fruiting, thereby improving yield. The fertilizer is applied in 6 months each year, so that the fertilizer can supplement nutrients for the tree body, the organic fertilizer is mainly applied, the root system of the waxberry tree contains Frankia as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the biological bacterial fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials to promote the growth of root system bacterial groups.
8. Because alfalfa is perennial herb, the alfalfa grows slowly in the first year and the second year, and has stronger growth capacity in the 3 rd to the 6 th years, the invention selects the first year to apply the base fertilizer to promote the plant growth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows total nitrogen loss in runoff under different optimized fertilization modes;
FIG. 2 shows total phosphorus loss in runoff under different optimized fertilization modes.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The unreasonable fruit and forest planting modes of over-fertilization, soil-working weeding and single vegetation on the sloping fields are emission sources causing water pollution. The fertilization is one of key technical links for improving the yield of fruit trees, the fertilizer utilization efficiency of the traditional fertilization is very low, especially the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is very low due to the leaching of nitrogen and the volatilization of nitrogen, the waste is serious, the problems of soil hardening and nutrient loss of soil and the like exist, the scientific selection of fertilizer types and the determination of proper fertilization amount are important guarantees for comprehensively improving the quality of fruit trees, and the method is also an important decision in the optimal fertilization management of fruit trees. The grass growing planting is often applied to water and soil conservation measures in fruit and forest orchards due to the advantages of low cost, long effect period, wide adaptability and the like. The herbaceous plant functional group has higher requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus than other plant functional groups, and has a certain effect when being applied to the control of pollutants. And the herbaceous plants have developed root systems, high biomass and higher production capacity and surface covering capacity. Vegetation and earth surface coverage can influence the generation of slope runoff, promote redistribution of precipitation, influence migration of moisture in soil, change the condition and the process of runoff confluence, and then influence the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The orchard grass can intercept partial precipitation, delay the time of rainwater to underground seepage to reduce the surface runoff. The vegetation can also reduce the separation of raindrops from soil particles, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, strengthen the erosion resistance of the soil, and correspondingly reduce the water and soil loss along with the increase of vegetation coverage. Reasonable agriculture and forestry intercropping mode can effectively improve economic benefit, reduce fertilizer and labor input and reduce cost of farmers while pollution control and emission reduction are achieved. Therefore, the research on the intercropping optimization fertilization technology of the waxberries and the alfalfa is helpful for reducing the water and soil loss of the sloping fields and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the water body, and an effective reference way can be provided for practical application of the vegetation recovery of mountain fruit forests on the water surface.
The invention provides a method for replacing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by matching biological bacterial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which is used for carrying out targeted optimization on the fertilizer application of waxberry trees. The biological bacterial fertilizer and the organic fertilizer can be applied to increase the content of organic matters in soil, the number and the activity of beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the degradation and conversion of the organic matters into nutrients which can be absorbed by crops, greatly improve the soil fertility, reduce the dosage of the traditional fertilizer and reduce the nutrient loss. The intercropping of fruit trees can effectively improve soil structure, fertilize land, increase soil surface coverage and promote fruit tree development. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is also called Medicago sativa and Medicago sativa, belongs to perennial grass plants of the genus Medicago, has a service life of 10 years, has higher production capacity and surface covering capacity, and is widely used for forage grass cultivation, green manure production and vegetation restoration. Vegetation and earth surface coverage can influence the generation of slope runoff, promote redistribution of precipitation, influence migration of moisture in soil, change the condition and the process of runoff confluence, and then influence the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The fruit Lin Jianzuo can intercept partial precipitation, delay the time of rainwater leakage to the underground, reduce the separation of the raindrops to soil particles, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, strengthen the erosion resistance of the soil, and reduce the generation of surface runoff. In addition, the special symbiotic nitrogen fixation system of the alfalfa root system can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere and soil, and can be converted into nitrogen nutrients directly absorbed by crops through the action of root system nitrogen fixation bacteria, so that the nitrogen utilization rate of fruit trees is improved, and the nitrogen fertilizer investment in the soil is reduced.
The invention improves vegetation coverage, improves vegetation diversity and crop interplanting effect through reasonable planting and fertilization improvement of the waxberry and alfalfa intercropping optimization fertilization, promotes the efficient utilization of the water fertilizer by the waxberry and leguminous plants, can reduce the loss of soil and nutrients in an orchard, increase the mineralization rate of the soil, improve the soil fertility, effectively control pollution output and lighten the eutrophication of a local water body while achieving stable yield.
Example 1
Experimental materials: the myrica rubra is 'Dongkui' (Morella rubra cv. Dongkui), and is harvested in the middle of 4 months to 5 months; the alfalfa variety is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.WL525HQ), belongs to perennial leguminous plants, and has stronger growth capacity in acid soil in the south. The growth period is 3-6 years, the seed input cost can be reduced, the first sowing time is 5 months, and the complementary sowing is carried out 5 months in the next year.
Experiment site: the small water village of Shipingcounty in Yi nationality of red river of Harni, yunnan province belongs to the mountain area of the south face of the river basin of the Isulonghu, the relative altitude difference is 1000-1500 meters, the mountain slope is mostly a deep cut ridge-like mountain, the slope of the mountain slope is 40-50 degrees, and the partial slope can reach 60-70 degrees. The soil is meta-acid sand soil, and a small part of the soil is mountain red soil or yellow soil. The climate is the low latitude plateau monsoon climate of the south subtropical zone, and the rain and heat are the same as the season and the dry and wet are distinct.
1) Optimized base fertilizer and top dressing for waxberry trees
① The base fertilizer of the waxberry tree is a bio-organic fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied in the time of digging pits and turning over the waxberry tree when the waxberry tree is planted, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied in one time: 150 kg/mu; the topdressing is high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer, the application time of the fertilizer is 3 months and 6 months each year, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer adopts a spraying mode, the spraying time is 3 months each year, and the dosage of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 22.5 kg/mu; the bio-organic fertilizer, the bio-bacterial fertilizer and the ternary compound fertilizer adopt a ditching and fertilizing mode, the ditching and fertilizing time is 6 months each year, the dosage of the bio-organic fertilizer is 450 kg/mu, the dosage of the bio-bacterial fertilizer is 135 kg/mu, and the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is 22.5 kg/mu.
② Applying fertilisers
High-potassium water-soluble fertilizer: the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer comprises 11% of N, 6% of P 2O5 and 38% of K 2 O, wherein the percentages are in mass fraction.
Biological organic fertilizer: the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer is 30%, the content of N is 5%, the content of P 2O5% is 5%, the content of K 2 O is 5%, and the percentages are mass fractions.
Biological bacterial fertilizer: the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer is 30%, the content of N is 5%, the content of P 2O5% is 5%, the content of K 2 O is 5%, and the percentages are mass fractions.
Ternary compound fertilizer: the ternary compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the content of N in the ternary compound fertilizer is 16%, the content of P 2O5 is 6%, the content of K 2 O is 24%, and the percentages are in mass fraction.
2) Removing pruning and fallen leaves of the waxberry tree: removing branches remained after pruning before sowing, and removing fallen leaves of new and old waxberries in the garden.
3) Spreading and applying alfalfa base fertilizer on the ground surface and ditching strips on the section of the ground: the method comprises the steps of applying alfalfa bottom fertilizer into two parts, firstly, spreading biological bacterial fertilizer on a ground plane, secondly, cutting grooves with the depth of 5.5-7.5 cm on the section of the ground under the waxberry tree by using a spade on the ground, wherein the distance between the grooves is 8-12 cm, and uniformly spreading a layer of biological bacterial fertilizer with the depth of 0.2-0.4 cm into the grooves. The alfalfa base fertilizer is a biological fermentation bacterial fertilizer, the dosage of the base fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60%, and the percentage is the mass fraction. The application time of the base fertilizer is that the base fertilizer is applied once when the alfalfa is sowed and combined with soil preparation in the first year of 4 to 5 months, and the alfalfa is not applied with additional fertilizer. The effective viable count of the biological bacterial fertilizer is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60%, and the percentage is mass fraction.
4) The planting method is intercropping of waxberry and alfalfa, and the planting specification is as follows: intercropping waxberry and alfalfa, wherein the row spacing of the waxberry trees is 400cm, the plant spacing is 400cm, the cultivation density is 41 plants/mu, the sowing quantity of alfalfa seeds is 2 kg/mu, and the drill sowing quantity is 3 kg/mu.
5) And (3) earthing: and 2-3 cm of earthing after fertilization and sowing.
The pollution control and emission reduction effects of the waxberry intercropping optimization fertilization treatment on the south bench waxberries are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 control of surface runoff in hillside fields after planting
In Table 1, SS represents suspended matter, control represents a conventional fertilization mode and alfalfa is not planted, and the reduction rate (%) in the table is compared with the control as measured by the method of measuring weight method of aqueous suspended matter of GB/T11901-1989, and is shown: the method of the invention ensures that the surface runoff loss of the hillside farmland is 9.45t/hm 2, the surface runoff is reduced by 66.56 percent, and the SS loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 60.00 percent.
TABLE 2 control of Nitrogen loss in hillside fields after planting
TN in Table 2 represents total nitrogen, DTN represents soluble total nitrogen, NH 4 + -N represents ammonium nitrogen, and the reduction (%) in the table is compared with a control, as measured by a method in measurement of total nitrogen of water quality of HJ636-2012, water and wastewater monitoring analysis method of China (fourth edition), and is shown:
The method of the invention ensures that the total nitrogen loss in the surface runoff of the hillside fields is 0.18kg/hm 2, the total nitrogen loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 61.00%, the soluble total nitrogen loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 57.14%, and the ammonia nitrogen loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 50.00%.
TABLE 3 phosphorus loss control of hillside fields after planting
In Table 3, TP represents total phosphorus, DTP represents soluble total phosphorus, PP represents particulate total phosphorus, and the percentage (%) of elimination in the table is compared with a control, as measured by the method in GB11893-89 determination of total phosphorus in water quality, water and wastewater monitoring analysis method in China (fourth edition), and is shown:
The method of the invention ensures that the total phosphorus loss in the surface runoff of the hillside fields is 0.71kg/hm 2, the total phosphorus loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 43.65%, the soluble total phosphorus loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 37.50%, and the total particulate phosphorus loss in the surface runoff is reduced by 46.51%.
The invention also determines other methods for optimizing topdressing while obtaining the waxberry optimized topdressing mode, wherein the runoff, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the waxberry yield are lower than the best mode selected by the invention, and the comparison results are shown in figures 1-2 and tables 4-5.
TABLE 4 treatment of Myrican different topdressing modes
"CK" (Control cheak) in the table refers to a conventional fertilization mode, i.e. a fertilization mode used by a local farmer throughout the year; "KF (Key factor)" means that the key factors are optimized to fertilize, namely only potash fertilizer affecting the waxberry result is applied; "BMP (Biological-microbiological-plant)" refers to comprehensive factor optimization, including the traditional fertilization mode replaced by bio-organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial fertilizer.
The test shown in fig. 1 is carried out in 2022-2023, the specific fertilization mode processed in fig. 1 is shown in table 4, a runoff sample after 10 rainfall times capable of forming surface runoff is collected altogether, the total nitrogen content in the surface runoff is measured, and in fig. 1, the total nitrogen loss of the runoff of the comprehensive factor optimized BMP is the lowest, which shows that the optimized topdressing mode of the comprehensive factor optimized BMP has the best effect on reducing the total nitrogen loss in the runoff of the waxberry.
The test shown in fig. 2 was performed in 2022 to 2023, the specific fertilization mode processed in fig. 2 is shown in table 4, a total runoff sample after 10 rainfall times capable of forming surface runoff is collected, and the total phosphorus content in the surface runoff is measured, and in fig. 2, the total phosphorus loss amount of the runoff of the comprehensive factor optimized BMP is the lowest, which shows that the optimized fertilization mode of the comprehensive factor optimized BMP has the best effect of reducing the total phosphorus loss in the runoff.
TABLE 5 waxberry yield after waxberry land optimization fertilization
Specific fertilization modes of the treatment codes in table 5 are shown in table 4, the yield of the red bayberries is the yield of fresh red bayberries produced in each mu of red bayberry land, the economic yield of the red bayberries is the yield of fresh red bayberries produced in each hectare land, the dry weight of the red bayberries is the dry weight of samples after the fresh red bayberries are deactivated at 105 ℃ and dried at 85 ℃, the numerical values of the yield of the red bayberries, the economic yield of the red bayberries and the dry weight of the red bayberries are expressed as mean values plus or minus standard error, the analysis of variance among samples is carried out on the same indexes under different fertilization treatments, and different lowercase letters indicate that obvious differences exist among the same indexes (p < 0.05). As can be seen from Table 5, the synthesis factor optimized BMP for Myrica rubra yield, myrica rubra economic yield and Myrica rubra dry weight were all superior to the other treatments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for intercropping optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: planting waxberry trees;
step 2: optimizing the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer of the waxberry trees;
step 3: removing pruned and in-garden weeds of the waxberry tree;
Step 4: spreading alfalfa base fertilizer on the ground surface and ditching strips on the section of the ground;
Step 5: sowing and drill sowing alfalfa seeds;
Step 6: and (5) earthing.
2. The method for intercropping optimal fertilization of waxberry and alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises: the planting specification of the waxberry tree is that the row spacing of the waxberry tree is 400cm, the plant spacing is 400cm, and the cultivation density is 41 plants/mu.
3. The method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 of optimizing base fertilizer and top dressing of waxberries comprises: the base fertilizer is applied once during planting, and the waxberry tree is topdressed in 3 months and 6 months each year.
4. The method for intercropping and optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer of the waxberries is a biological organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is 150 kg/mu in a pit digging and deep turning mode;
topdressing: gao Jia water-soluble fertilizer 22.5 kg/mu is sprayed to the waxberry tree every 3 months; 450 kg/mu of biological organic fertilizer, 135 kg/mu of biological bacterial fertilizer and 22.5 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer are applied in 6-month ditches each year.
5. The method for intercropping optimal fertilization of waxberry and alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises: the method comprises the steps of applying alfalfa bottom fertilizer into two parts, firstly, spreading biological bacterial fertilizer on a ground plane, secondly, cutting grooves with the depth of 5.5-7.5 cm on the section of the ground under the waxberry tree by using a spade on the ground, wherein the distance between the grooves is 8-12 cm, and uniformly spreading a layer of biological bacterial fertilizer with the depth of 0.2-0.4 cm into the grooves.
6. The method for intercropping optimal fertilization of red bayberry and alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 of sowing alfalfa seeds comprises:
The artificial sowing quantity is 2 kg/mu, and the artificial drill sowing quantity is 3 kg/mu;
Sowing alfalfa into two parts, namely sowing the alfalfa into the grooves by using a spade, wherein the depth of the grooves is 5.5-7.5 cm in the section of the bench under the waxberry tree, the distance between the grooves is 8-12 cm, uniformly spreading a layer of biological bacterial fertilizer of 0.2-0.4 cm into the grooves, sowing alfalfa seeds in the grooves in a strip mode, and covering soil for 2-3 cm;
secondly, spreading biological bacterial fertilizer on the ground plane, then spreading alfalfa seeds, and turning the soil back and forth by using an iron nail rake to cover the alfalfa seeds by 2-3 cm; and (5) the alfalfa seeds are sowed in a complementary mode for 4-5 months in the next year.
7. The method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of waxberry and alfalfa according to claim 4, wherein the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer comprises 11% of N by mass, 6% of P 2O5 by mass and 38% of K 2 O by mass.
8. The method for intercropping and optimizing fertilization of waxberry and alfalfa according to claim 4, wherein the water content in the bio-organic fertilizer is 30%, the mass percentage of N is 5%, the mass percentage of P 2O5 is 5%, and the mass percentage of K 2 O is 5%;
The water content of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 30%, the mass percentage of N is 5%, the mass percentage of P 2O5% and the mass percentage of K 2 O are 5%;
The ternary compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of N in the ternary compound fertilizer is 16%, the mass percentage of P 2 O5 is 6%, and the mass percentage of K 2 O is 24%.
9. The method for intercropping optimized fertilization of waxberries and alfalfa as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step 2 of applying the base fertilizer comprises: applying a base fertilizer to alfalfa: the alfalfa base fertilizer is a biological fermentation bacterial fertilizer, the dosage of the base fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60%; the application time of the base fertilizer is 4-5 months of planting in the first year, the application is carried out once when the alfalfa is sowed and combined with soil preparation, and the alfalfa is not applied with additional fertilizer.
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