CN110683890A - Efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting and application of efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting - Google Patents
Efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting and application of efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110683890A CN110683890A CN201911158594.8A CN201911158594A CN110683890A CN 110683890 A CN110683890 A CN 110683890A CN 201911158594 A CN201911158594 A CN 201911158594A CN 110683890 A CN110683890 A CN 110683890A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, particularly relates to a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, and further discloses application of the synergist in rice planting. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist takes the water extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the ethanol extract of the clematis chinensis as effective components, and utilizes a proper organic substance mixture contained in the plant extract, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, and the nitrogen adsorption performance of the soil can be improved; particularly, the organic substances contained in the extract of the fimbriated orostachys herb and the extract of the clematis root can effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, reduce the loss condition of a nitrogen fertilizer, obviously improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice; compared with the chemical nitrogen fertilizer synergist known in the prior art, the synergistic synergist has similar or more remarkable synergistic advantages; moreover, the whole plant resource has rich sources, simple and convenient operation, lower cost and higher agricultural popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, particularly relates to a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, and further discloses application of the synergist in rice planting.
Background
Rice is one of important grain crops in China, plays an important role in national economy, and is the first of rice planting countries and rice annual output in the world. According to research, nitrogen fertilizer plays a very important role in rice growth, and not only is nitrogen an important structural substance in plants, such as protein, nucleic acid, chlorophyll and the like, but also nitrogen is a component of a plurality of endogenous hormones and enzymes. Therefore, nitrogen is one of the important nutrient elements influencing the growth and development of rice, and is one of the important factors determining the yield, namely the quality of the nitrogen nutrition of the rice directly influences the growth and development of the rice and finally influences the yield of the rice.
However, in actual planting, the unreasonable application of the fertilizer can cause the utilization rate of the fertilizer to be low, and particularly the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is generally low and is only about 30-35%. After the N fertilizer is applied to irrigated rice fields, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and nutrient elements thereof which are not absorbed by the rice can be lost and enter water, so that not only is the nutrient resource wasted, but also the environmental problems such as surface water eutrophication, lake pollution, underground water pollution and the like can be caused, and the ecological balance is seriously damaged. Therefore, the improvement of the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen fertilizers, and the reduction of the loss of fertilizer nutrients are important research hotspots in rice planting.
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist is a substance which can affect the biochemical environment of soil, regulate the activity of partial soil enzymes and affect the action of soil microorganisms on nitrogen fertilizer after entering the soil, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. Through a great deal of research in recent years, the types of nitrogen fertilizer synergists at home and abroad are nearly hundreds, and the nitrogen fertilizer synergists can be divided into nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, ammonia stabilizers and the like according to the action mode. Wherein, the nitrification inhibitor is characterized by being capable of inhibiting the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil and having the function of inhibiting the nitrifying bacteria in the soil; the urease inhibitor can inhibit the activity of urease in soil and slow down the hydrolysis of urea, and is specially matched with urea for application; the action mechanism of the ammonia stabilizer is that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, the adsorption performance of the soil to nitrogen can be improved, and the ammonia volatilization loss and leaching loss of the nitrogen can be reduced. Therefore, the development of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist has important significance for increasing yield and efficiency in rice planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for rice planting in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting comprises an extract of herba orostachyos and an extract of radix clematidis.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the herba orostachyos extract to the radix clematidis extract is 1-5: 1-3.
Specifically, the herba orostachyos extract is a water extract of herba orostachyos.
Specifically, the clematis root extract is an ethanol extract of clematis root rhizomes, and preferably a 70 wt% ethanol extract.
Specifically, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist further comprises a nitrification inhibitor, a urease inhibitor and/or an ammonia stabilizer.
The nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and/or ammonia stabilizer may all be additive materials known in the art.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, which comprises the step of mixing a selected amount of the extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the extract of the clematis root.
The invention also discloses application of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the field of rice planting.
The invention also discloses a method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting, which comprises the steps of mixing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting with the nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizing the base fertilizer.
Specifically, the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting accounts for 2-8% of the pure nitrogen application amount in the nitrogen fertilizer.
The invention also discloses a high-efficiency rice planting method, which further comprises the step of adding the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the step of applying the base fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist takes the water extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the ethanol extract of the clematis chinensis as effective components, and utilizes a proper organic substance mixture contained in the plant extract, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, and the nitrogen adsorption performance of the soil can be improved; particularly, the organic substances contained in the extract of the fimbriated orostachys herb and the extract of the clematis root can effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, reduce the loss condition of a nitrogen fertilizer, obviously improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice; compared with the chemical nitrogen fertilizer synergist known in the prior art, the synergistic synergist has similar or more remarkable synergistic advantages; moreover, the whole plant resource has rich sources, simple and convenient operation, lower cost and higher agricultural popularization.
Detailed Description
Preparation example 1 preparation of extract of Orostachys japonicus
Cleaning whole herba Orostachyos, air drying, pulverizing, adding water 5 times of the weight of herba Orostachyos pulverized particles, soaking for 30min, and heating for decocting for 30 min; and (3) after solid-liquid separation, collecting decoction, continuously adding the same amount of water into the collected residues for secondary decoction extraction, collecting the decoction, combining the decoction with the previous decoction, concentrating the mixture by rotary evaporation to obtain an extract, and stopping concentration when the mass of the extract is the same as the using amount of the orostachys fimbriatus so as to obtain the required orostachys fimbriatus extract.
Preparation example 2 extract of Clematis chinensis
Taking radix clematidis rhizome parts, cleaning, airing and crushing, adding an ethanol water solution with the mass concentration of 70 wt% which is 4 times of the mass of the radix clematidis rhizome crushed particles into the radix clematidis rhizome crushed particles, soaking for 30min, then carrying out reflux extraction at normal temperature for 1h, carrying out solid-liquid separation to collect an ethanol extracting solution, continuously adding the ethanol solution with the same amount into collected residues, carrying out secondary reflux extraction, collecting the ethanol extracting solution, combining the ethanol extracting solution with the previous extracting solution, concentrating by rotary evaporation to obtain an extract, and stopping concentration when the mass of the extract is the same as the amount of the radix clematidis rhizome to obtain the required radix clematidis extract.
Example 1
The high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the embodiment comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1 (preparation example 1) and clematis root extract (preparation example 2).
Example 2
The high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the embodiment comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 3 (preparation example 1) and clematis root extract (preparation example 2).
Example 3
The high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 5: 1 (preparation example 1) and clematis root extract (preparation example 2).
Example 4
The high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 5: 3 (preparation example 1) and clematis root extract (preparation example 2).
Example 5
The high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 3: 2 (preparation example 1) and clematis root extract (preparation example 2).
Examples of the experiments
Selecting rice seeds with full grains, consistent maturity and regular grain types, spreading in the sun before planting, sunning for 2 days, then soaking in 0.5 wt% lime water for 1 hour for disinfection, fishing out, draining water and naturally drying for later use.
Selecting Liaoning Panjin area as a test field, selecting a neutral field with flat terrain, leeward and sunny exposure, good drainage, convenient water source and fertile soil as a rice field planting field before the rice planting season, ploughing and raking to be fine according to the depth of 12cm, then drying the field in the sun, applying farmyard base fertilizer according to 50 kg/mu and ploughing twice, performing secondary drying of the field, simultaneously making a drainage ditch, a bed head ditch and a footpath ditch, and irrigating shallow water for planting 5-7 days before planting, wherein the farmyard base fertilizer comprises the following components in mass ratio of 2: 3: 5 straw, cow dung and urea.
Adding conventional nutrient soil which occupies 1/3 of hole points into a seedling raising plug tray, then sowing the treated rice seeds into the hole points according to grains, filling the holes with the nutrient soil and scraping the nutrient soil, removing the redundant nutrient soil, moving the plug tray to a seedbed to be flat, drying the plug tray with water according to 1 kg/tray, finally covering a layer of mulching film on the plug tray, punching holes on the mulching film corresponding to the hole holes when seedlings with one leaf and one core appear, removing the mulching film when seedlings with two leaves and one core appear, applying nitrogen fertilizer according to 0.3 kg/tray every 7 days, and transplanting when seedlings with four leaves and one core appear; the nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2: 3: 2: 0.5: 10 humic acid, organic matters, soybean meal, urea, zinc sulfate and soil.
Transplanting rice seedlings to be transplanted into a rice field according to 15 ten thousand plants per mu, keeping the water depth at 3-5cm, applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea: ammonium sulfate ═ 2: 1) according to the pure nitrogen content of 5kg per mu, simultaneously adding a proper amount of P fertilizer and K fertilizer, respectively adding the synergist of the embodiment 5 into the nitrogen fertilizer according to 5 wt% of the pure nitrogen content, simultaneously respectively adding the same amount of dicyandiamide, pyrocatechol and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine into rice planting blocks under the same condition as a comparative example, and using the rice planting blocks without any synergist as a comparative example.
Applying 15 kg/mu of urea, 8 kg/mu of potassium chloride and 3 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer 8-10 days after transplanting; after 10 days, applying NPK compound fertilizer as balance fertilizer according to 10 kg/mu; when seedlings have four fallen leaves and are exposed, applying NPK compound fertilizer as flower promoting fertilizer according to 12 kg/mu; when seedlings have two leaves and open tips, NPK compound fertilizer is applied according to 10 kg/mu to serve as flower protection fertilizer.
When each experimental group was harvested in the last 11 th month, the rice yield (kg/ha) of each experimental field was recorded, and at the same time, the nitrogen utilization (%) of the total applied nitrogen fertilizer in each experimental field was calculated and recorded in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of rice yield and nitrogen utilization in each test field
| Synergist ingredients | Rice yield (kg/ha) | Nitrogen utilization (%) |
| Example 5 | 7154 | 49.82 |
| Dicyandiamide | 6710 | 44.26 |
| Catechol as one of the most important of the chemical substances in the chemical industry | 6983 | 45.17 |
| 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine | 6607 | 44.03 |
| CK | 6025 | 40.04 |
Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist can effectively improve the yield of rice and the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and has similar or more obvious synergistic advantages compared with the known nitrogen fertilizer synergist in the prior art.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting is characterized by comprising an extract of Orostachys japonicas and an extract of radix clematidis.
2. The rice planting high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fimbriate orostachys herb extract to the clematis root extract is 1-5: 1-3.
3. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1 or 2, wherein said extract of Orostachys japonicas is an aqueous extract of Orostachys japonicas.
4. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1 or 2, wherein the radix clematidis extract is an ethanol extract of radix clematidis rhizomes.
5. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer synergist further comprises nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and/or ammonia stabilizer.
6. A method for preparing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the step of mixing selected amounts of the extract of Orostachys japonicas and the extract of Clematis chinensis.
7. The application of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5 in the field of rice planting.
8. A method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting, which is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5 with nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizing base fertilizer.
9. The method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting according to claim 8, wherein the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting accounts for 2-8% of the pure nitrogen application amount in the nitrogen fertilizer.
10. A method for planting high-efficiency rice, which is characterized in that the method further comprises the step of adding the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for planting rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 in the step of applying a base fertilizer.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110041129A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of organic nitrogenous fertilizer synergist and the fertilizer containing the organic nitrogenous fertilizer synergist |
| CN113896605A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-07 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Composition for inhibiting nitration reaction and fertilizer |
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| CN101643375A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2010-02-10 | 贵州金致农业科技有限公司 | Fertilizer synergist prepared from traditional Chinese medicinal materials and production and application methods thereof |
| US20110269627A1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2011-11-03 | Antonio Lelas | Formulation based on micronized natural calcite mineral as a plant booster and mineral fertilizer |
| CN108203353A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-06-26 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of desinsection bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112374950A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Nitrogen fertilizer synergist containing plant-derived denitrification inhibitor and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1454880A (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2003-11-12 | 西南农业大学 | Natural plant-carrying compound nitrogen fertilizer synergistic agent |
| US20110269627A1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2011-11-03 | Antonio Lelas | Formulation based on micronized natural calcite mineral as a plant booster and mineral fertilizer |
| CN101643375A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2010-02-10 | 贵州金致农业科技有限公司 | Fertilizer synergist prepared from traditional Chinese medicinal materials and production and application methods thereof |
| CN108203353A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-06-26 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of desinsection bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110041129A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of organic nitrogenous fertilizer synergist and the fertilizer containing the organic nitrogenous fertilizer synergist |
| CN113896605A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-07 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Composition for inhibiting nitration reaction and fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20200114 |