CN118028010A - 废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法及转化装置 - Google Patents
废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法及转化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118028010A CN118028010A CN202311467865.4A CN202311467865A CN118028010A CN 118028010 A CN118028010 A CN 118028010A CN 202311467865 A CN202311467865 A CN 202311467865A CN 118028010 A CN118028010 A CN 118028010A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- waste plastic
- pyrolysis oil
- light olefins
- plastic pyrolysis
- high yield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 carbon cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100025840 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 86 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000932708 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 86 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- XVVLAOSRANDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Chemical compound OC=O.OC=O XVVLAOSRANDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/06—Catalytic processes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
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- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,所述方法包括:第一步骤,将废塑料热解油加入到反应器中;第二步骤,在所述反应器中,在包含第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂下使废塑料热解油进行反应;以及第三步骤,从所述第二步骤的产物中分离催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃。此外,本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的装置,所述装置包括:流化床反应器,其中引入废塑料热解油,并且进行催化裂化反应;旋风分离器,其中从所述流化床反应器引入产物,并且分离成催化剂和油;以及稳定塔,其中从所述旋风分离器引入油,并且分离成气体成分和液体成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法及转化装置,详细地,本发明提供一种具有高烯烃选择性的同时可使焦炭的生成最小化的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法及转化装置。
背景技术
废塑料是以石油为原料制备的,回收率低,大部分作为垃圾废弃处理。这些废弃物在自然状态下分解需要很长的时间,因此污染土壤并引发严重的环境污染。作为回收废塑料的方法,可以将废塑料进行热解而转化为可使用的油,这称为废塑料热解油。
另外,在石油基油等烃油混合物中,烯烃、特别是乙烯、丙烯等轻质烯烃正在广泛用于石油化学工业。到目前为止,大部分乙烯或丙烯主要通过以天然气或石脑油、馏分油等烃油为对象并在没有催化剂的无催化剂条件下在800℃以上的高温水蒸气气氛下进行热解来制备,但上述方法存在烯烃选择性和制备收率低的问题。
作为用于提高烯烃选择性或转化率等制备收率和反应效率的方法,正在进行流化催化裂化(Fluid Catalytic Cracking,FCC)工艺,作为代表性的实例,可以列举利用酸催化剂的催化裂化工艺。特别地,在各种酸催化剂中,沸石的使用最为广泛,作为代表性的催化裂化用沸石,正在使用ZSM-5沸石、USY沸石、β-沸石等。以石油基原料等烃油为对象,通过利用具有固体酸活性位点的沸石催化剂诱导由碳正离子引起的裂化反应来进行催化裂化工艺,但废塑料热解油是主要具有直链烃结构的烃油混合物,与石油基原料相比,碳正离子浓度相对较低,因此存在难以诱导裂化反应的问题。即,利用现有的石油基原料技术领域中使用的沸石催化剂的催化裂化工艺在应用于废塑料热解油方面存在局限性。
为了解决上述问题,以往在催化裂化催化剂中引入可进行脱氢/加氢反应且具有强氢转移活性的镍、铁、钒、钯或铂等活性金属进行催化裂化工艺,但是活性金属的引入所带来的氢转移反应的增加虽然可以提高裂化活性,但同时使烯烃饱和,因此存在烯烃选择性降低而导致轻质烯烃的制备收率显著降低的严重问题。
此外,由于热解过程中生成的焦炭,导致催化剂失活,因此转化收率低,并且质量降低,因此热解油转化为轻质烯烃的工艺难以在经济上和商业上实际应用。
因此,需要一种可从废塑料热解油中以高收率制备轻质烯烃的技术。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高烯烃选择性且可使焦炭的生成最小化的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法及转化装置。
技术方案
本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,所述方法包括:第一步骤,将废塑料热解油加入到反应器中;第二步骤,在所述反应器中,在包含第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂下使废塑料热解油进行反应;以及第三步骤,从所述第二步骤的产物中分离催化裂化催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第一金属可以包含选自锰、锡或锌中的至少一种以上的金属。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第二金属可以包含选自钛、锆、铪、铌或钒中的至少一种以上。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂可以进一步包含沸石、黏土和粘合剂。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述沸石可以包含ZSM-5、ZSM-11、Y型沸石、镁碱沸石(Ferrierite)、丝光沸石(Mordenite)、MCM-22、SUZ-4或L型沸石。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂的第一金属和第二金属的重量比可以为6:0.1至6:1。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂可以包含20-70重量%的沸石、10-60重量%的黏土、10-50重量%的粘合剂、1-6重量%的第一金属及0.1-1重量%的第二金属。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂的平均颗粒尺寸可以为50-2000μm。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述废塑料热解油可以包含常压下的沸点为340℃以上的减压馏分油(VGO)成分。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述反应器可以为流化床反应器。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第二步骤可以在400-600℃的温度和50-200kPa的反应压力下进行。
此外,本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的装置,所述装置包括:流化床反应器,其中引入废塑料热解油,并且进行催化裂化反应;旋风分离器,其中从所述流化床反应器引入产物,并且分离成催化剂和油;以及稳定塔,其中从所述旋风分离器引入油,并且分离成气体成分和液体成分。
有益效果
根据本发明的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法可以从废塑料热解油中以高收率获得轻质烯烃。
根据本发明的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法具有高烯烃选择性的同时可使焦炭的生成最小化。
具体实施方式
除非另有特别说明,否则本说明书中使用的术语的单数形式可以解释为包括复数形式。
本说明书中使用的数值范围包括下限值和上限值以及该范围内的所有值、其中限定的所有值以及以彼此不同的形式限定的数值范围的上限和下限的所有可能的组合。除非另有特别定义,否则本说明书中由于实验误差或值的四舍五入而可能会产生的数值范围之外的值也包括在定义的数值范围内。
本说明书中提及的“包含/包括”是与“具备”、“含有”、“具有”、“特征在于”等表述具有等效含义的开放型记载,并不排除未进一步列出的要素、材料或工艺。
除非另有定义,否则本说明书中在没有特别说明的情况下使用的%的单位是指重量%。
本说明书中在没有特别说明的情况下使用的沸点以常压为基准,bP等表述是指沸点。
除非另有定义,否则本说明书中在没有特别说明的情况下使用的ppm单位是指质量ppm。
以往,以石油基原料等烃油为对象,通过利用具有固体酸活性位点的沸石催化剂诱导由碳正离子(carbenium ion)引起的裂化反应来进行催化裂化工艺,但废塑料热解油是主要具有直链烃结构的烃油混合物,与石油基原料相比,碳正离子浓度相对较低,因此存在难以诱导裂化反应的问题。即,利用现有的石油基原料技术领域中使用的沸石催化剂的催化裂化工艺在应用于废塑料热解油方面存在局限性。
为了解决上述问题,以往在催化裂化催化剂中引入可进行脱氢/加氢反应且具有强氢转移活性的镍、铁、钒、钯或铂等活性金属进行催化裂化工艺,但是活性金属的引入所带来的氢转移反应的增加虽然可以提高裂化活性,但同时使烯烃饱和,因此存在烯烃选择性降低而导致轻质烯烃的制备收率显著降低的严重问题。
此外,由于热解过程中生成的焦炭,导致催化剂失活,因此转化收率低,并且质量降低,因此热解油转化为轻质烯烃的工艺难以在经济上和商业上实际应用。
根据本发明的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法具有高烯烃选择性的同时使焦炭的生成最小化,从而可以显著提高轻质烯烃的转化收率。具体地,本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,所述方法包括:第一步骤,将废塑料热解油加入到反应器中;第二步骤,在所述反应器中,在包含第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂下使废塑料热解油进行反应;以及第三步骤,从所述第二步骤的产物中分离催化裂化催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃。
所述废塑料热解油包含烃油的混合物,例如,可以包含常压下的沸点为80-150℃的碳原子数为C7至C9的石脑油(Naphtha)、沸点为150-265℃的碳原子数为C10至C17的煤油(Kero)、沸点为265-340℃的碳原子数为C18至C20的LGO、沸点为340℃以上的碳原子数为C21以上的VGO/AR等具有各种沸点和分子量分布的烃油的混合物。如下所述,以往,在VGO转化为轻质烯烃的工艺时,与煤油和石脑油相比,转化效率过低,从而难以应用,因此主要以除VGO之外的煤油和石脑油为原料进行转化工艺,但本发明的以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的工艺的优点在于,即使以包含减压馏分油(VGO)成分的废塑料热解油为原料,也具有非常优异的裂化效率和轻质烯烃的转化效率。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第一金属可以包含选自锰、锡、锌或钴中的至少一种以上。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第二金属可以包含选自钛、锆、铪、铌或钒中的至少一种以上。
同时包含所述第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂以最佳效率控制氢转移活性(或者氢转移反应活性),从而可以抑制生成的烯烃的焦炭生成反应,同时可以防止烯烃饱和,因此可以抑制烷烃生成反应。因此,烯烃选择性高,并且可以通过降低焦炭的生成量来防止催化剂的失活,从而可以从废塑料热解油中以高收率获得轻质烯烃。优选地,在上述效果方面,所述第一金属可以为锰或锡,第二金属可以为锆或钛。更优选地,所述第一金属可以为锰,第二金属可以为锆。此时,烯烃选择性和焦炭减少效果可以最优异。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂可以进一步包含沸石、黏土和粘合剂。由于所述催化裂化催化剂进一步包含沸石、黏土和粘合剂而形成复合物,从而可以具有高机械强度,因此可以用于废塑料热解油的轻质化工艺等大规模石油化学工艺。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述沸石可以包含ZSM-5、ZSM-11、Y型沸石、镁碱沸石、丝光沸石、MCM-22、SUZ-4或L型沸石。沸石是一种具有丰富的孔结构和大比表面积的多孔分子筛,并且具有活性位点多且催化裂化效率优异的优点。根据所述沸石的构成孔的原子的数量、孔尺寸或孔的立体结构(一维、二维或三维),可以调节裂化活性。虽然可以不受限制地利用除上述沸石之外的以往公知的沸石,但考虑到废塑料热解油的轻质烯烃转化特性,优选可以利用ZSM-5或Y型沸石。
所述催化裂化催化剂可以包含粘合剂作为结合剂。所述粘合剂可以包含Al2O3、SiO2或Al2O3-SiO2,但这只是一个例示,所述粘合剂并不必须受限于此。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂的第一金属和第二金属的重量比可以为6:0.1至6:1。当满足上述重量比时,可以优化烯烃选择性和焦炭减少效果,因此可以以高收率获得烯烃。当第一金属和第二金属的重量比为6:0.1至6:1时,由于第二金属含量的增加,提高烯烃选择性的效果反而可能会降低。所述重量比具体可以为6:0.1至6:0.8,更具体可以为6:0.2至6:0.6。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂可以包含20-70重量%的沸石、10-60重量%的黏土、10-50重量%的粘合剂、1-6重量%的第一金属及0.1-1重量%的第二金属。满足所有上述重量范围的催化裂化催化剂可以显著提高轻质烯烃转化收率,并且可以有效地防止催化剂的失活,从而可以长时间稳定地进行流化催化裂化工艺。
对所述催化裂化催化剂中包含的各成分分别进行分析时,在第一金属和第二金属的重量比满足上述6:0.1至6:1的前提下,当各成分的含量在上述重量%范围内时,由于弱氢转移反应,可以通过调节裂化活性和烯烃选择性来使轻质烯烃的转化收率最大化。具体地,所述第一金属的含量可以为1-5重量%,所述第二金属的含量可以为0.1-0.8重量%,更具体地,第一金属的含量可以为1-4重量%,第二金属的含量可以为0.1-0.6重量%。
当沸石的含量在上述重量范围内时,可以提高催化裂化效率,从而可以提高轻质烯烃的转化收率。所述沸石的含量具体可以为20-60重量%,更具体可以为30-50重量%。
当黏土的含量在上述重量范围内时,可以优化催化剂比重和整体催化剂活性。所述黏土的含量具体可以为10-50重量%,更具体可以为20-40重量%。
当粘合剂的含量在上述重量范围内时,可以很好地保持催化裂化催化剂的磨损强度等物理特性。所述粘合剂的含量具体可以为10-40重量%,更具体可以为15-35重量%。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂的平均颗粒尺寸可以为50-2000μm。根据废塑料热解油的粘度、密度等固有特性,筛选并利用具有上述尺寸的催化裂化催化剂时,可以显著提高烯烃选择性和催化剂活性。所述平均颗粒尺寸具体可以为50-1000μm,更具体可以为50-700μm。所述平均颗粒尺寸优选可以为50-200μm,更优选可以为80-150μm。
所述催化裂化催化剂的总比表面积可以为50-150m2/g,并且表观密度可以为0.5-1g/cm3。在上述范围内,可以优化与原料的接触面积,因此可以提高催化裂化效率。具体地,所述总比表面积可以为50-130m2/g,所述表观密度可以为0.5-0.8g/cm3,更具体地,所述总比表面积可以为70-100m2/g,所述表观密度可以为0.6-0.7g/cm3。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述催化裂化催化剂可以满足以下式1。
[式1]
2<(D90-D10)/D50<5
(所述式1表示催化裂化催化剂的用激光衍射法粒度分布测量装置测量的基于体积的分布中的粒度分布宽度,D10是累计10%处的直径,D50是累计50%处的直径,D90是累计90%处的直径。)
当不满足所述式1时,可能会存在由于浆料分散性降低而导致催化裂化催化剂的稳定性降低和催化裂化效率降低等问题。通过满足所述式1,可以提高催化剂稳定性和催化裂化效率,具体地,所述式1可以为2<(D90-D10)/D50<4,更具体地,所述式1可以为2<(D90-D10)/D50<3。通过粒度分布宽度满足上述数值范围,更优选地,可以在流化床反应器中显著提高稳定性和催化裂化效率。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述废塑料热解油可以包含常压下的沸点为340℃以上的减压馏分油(VGO)成分。以往,在VGO转化为轻质烯烃的工艺时,与煤油和石脑油相比,转化效率过低,从而难以应用,因此主要以除VGO之外的煤油和石脑油为原料进行转化工艺,但本发明的以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的工艺的优点在于,即使以包含减压馏分油(VGO)成分的废塑料热解油为原料,也具有非常优异的裂化效率和轻质烯烃的转化效率。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述反应器可以为流化床反应器。在利用固定床反应器的情况下,尽管在烃与催化裂化催化剂接触的反应初期烯烃的收率高,但随着时间的推移,由于催化裂化催化剂的失活和产生过多的焦炭,烃的转化率和烯烃的收率可能整体上降低,并且可能会存在再生工艺消耗大量能量的问题。通过利用流化床反应器,可以解决上述问题,同时可以经济且有效地生产轻质烯烃。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述第二步骤可以在400-600℃的温度和50-200kPa的反应压力下进行。所述第二步骤的反应效率高度依赖于温度和压力,因此可以在上述条件下使能量消耗最小化,并且可以有效地抑制催化裂化催化剂的失活。具体地,所述温度可以为400-550℃,所述压力可以为50-150kPa,更具体地,所述温度可以为400-500℃,所述压力可以为50-100kPa。
此外,所述第二步骤的反应效率可以依赖于停留时间、催化剂/热解油比或热解油/蒸汽比。所述停留时间可以为约0.1-600秒,所述催化剂/热解油比可以为1至50,所述热解油/蒸汽比可以为0.01至10,具体地,所述停留时间可以为约0.5-120秒,所述催化剂/热解油比可以为5至30,所述热解油/蒸汽比可以为0.1至2.0,更具体地,所述停留时间可以为约1-20秒,所述催化剂/热解油比可以为10至20,所述热解油/蒸汽比可以为0.3至1。
在进行所述催化裂化反应之后,可以通过第三步骤从反应产物中分离催化裂化催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃。具体地,所述第二步骤的反应产物可以引入到后述的旋风分离器中,并且可以在短时间内分离反应产物和催化裂化催化剂。如上所述,通过在所述第三步骤中分离催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃,最终可以从废塑料热解油中获得轻质烯烃。
所述催化裂化催化剂的制备方法可以包括以下步骤:制备包含氧化铝凝胶的粘合剂;将沸石和黏土进行混合以制备固体微粉;将所述混合固体微粉和粘合剂进行均匀混合以制备混合浆料;将所述混合浆料进行喷雾干燥后煅烧以制备球形催化剂;通过筛分回收平均颗粒尺寸为5-200μm的催化剂;将回收的催化剂用包含铈和镧的稀土金属(RE)氯化物的水溶液进行离子交换处理后煅烧;用第一金属前驱体和第二金属前驱体水溶液负载在催化剂表面后煅烧。
从所述废塑料热解油转化为轻质烯烃的收率可以为5%以上。利用所述包含第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂时,从废塑料热解油转化为轻质烯烃的收率为5%以上,从而可以以高收率获得轻质烯烃。具体地,转化为轻质烯烃的收率可以为10%以上。
此外,本发明提供一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的装置,所述装置包括:流化床反应器,其中引入废塑料热解油,并且进行催化裂化反应;旋风分离器,其中从所述流化床反应器引入产物,并且分离成催化剂和油;以及稳定塔,其中从所述旋风分离器引入油,并且分离成气体成分和液体成分。
所述废塑料热解油供应到流化床反应器内部,为了更顺利的反应,可以被加热至30-600℃的温度并供应。所述废塑料热解油可以与设置在流化床反应器中的催化裂化催化剂混合或者可以与通过从再生器连接到流化床反应器的管件供应的再生的催化剂混合。此外,供应原料和催化剂的混合工艺可以通过本领域已知的各种方法进行设置,这些设置都包括在本发明的领域内。
在所述流化床反应器中,可以在400-600℃的温度条件和50-200kPa的压力条件下进行催化裂化反应,由此生成的反应产物和催化剂可以引入到旋风分离器中进行分离。为了提高所述分离过程的效率,可以选择性地利用旋风分离器。从所述旋风分离器中分离的反应产物可以引入到稳定塔中,并且可以通过冷却分离成气体成分和液体成分。
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些实施例用于更详细地说明本发明,本发明的权利范围并不受限于以下实施例。
实施例1
1)供应原料
将200g的废塑料加入到间歇式(Batch)热解反应器中,并在500℃下进行热解,从而获得热解油。所述热解油中包含的烃油混合物的分布示于下表1中。
[表1]
通过蒸馏装置对所述热解油按照不同沸点进行分离,然后仅选择性地回收C21以上的VGO,由此准备热解油原料。
2)催化剂的制备
将70g的拟薄水铝石(Pseudoboehmite)加入到500g的水中,在常温下搅拌的同时,加入10g的甲酸(formic acid)后保持3小时,从而制备氧化铝凝胶(alumina gel)。将黏土(Clay)(高岭土(Kaoline))和ZSM-5加入到混合器中并搅拌10分钟。在黏土中加入43重量%的ZSM-5。在混合器中,将黏土、ZSM-5、MgO的混合物进行搅拌以均匀地制成小颗粒,然后加入所述氧化铝凝胶,并再次用混合器进行搅拌。在搅拌过程中加入60g的Ludox(AS 40),然后通过粘度计测量浆料(slurry)的粘度。
之后,在浆料的粘度从溶胶(sol)转换为凝胶(gel)的过程中,通过喷雾干燥制成球形催化剂,然后在120℃的烘箱(oven)中进行干燥12小时,并在550℃下煅烧3小时,从而制备流化床催化剂。对于回收的催化剂,通过筛分(sieving)仅筛选和分离颗粒尺寸为30-200μm的催化剂,然后用5%的稀土金属溶液(RE-metal solution)在60℃下离子交换3小时,然后将催化剂进行干燥,并在550℃下煅烧3小时,从而制备离子交换的流化床催化剂。将回收的催化剂与MnCl2·4H2O和ZrO(NO3)2·H2O溶解在定量的水中,以整体水溶液为基准,加入1%的HNO3,通过初湿含浸(incipient wetness)方法负载在催化剂上,使得引入3重量%的锰(Mn)和0.1重量%的锆(Zr)。负载的催化剂在120℃下干燥后在500℃下煅烧3小时。
3)催化裂化工艺
通过DCR反应系统(system)评价催化剂活性。裂化(Cracking)反应和再生器(Regenerator)中的催化剂再生反应分别在530℃和730℃下进行,发生裂化反应的汽提器(Stripper)保持在527℃并进行反应。在反应部中分别以850g/h和80g/h引入进料(Feed)和蒸汽(steam),在汽提器中以180升/秒(lps)引入N2,在反应器(Reactor)中以40升/秒引入N2,以总计220升/秒的速度引入N2,在旋风分离器(cyclon)中分离的催化剂引入到再生器中再生。为了再生器中的催化剂的再生,以900升/秒的速度引入空气(Air)。在作为催化剂和加入的原料的比例的催化剂/油比(Cat/Oil ratio)为11至20的条件下运行。产物在稳定塔(stabilzer)中分离成气体(gas)和液体(liquid),对回收的气体通过GC进行分析,对液体通过simdist进行分析。通过CO/CO2分析仪(Analyzer)对焦炭(Coke)、CO2、H2进行分析。
实施例2
除了在实施例1中制备催化裂化催化剂时利用Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4来代替ZrO(NO3)2·H2O制备催化裂化催化剂之外,在与实施例1相同的条件下进行工艺。
实施例3
除了在实施例1中制备催化裂化催化剂时利用SnCl2·2H2O来代替MnCl2·4H2O制备催化裂化催化剂之外,在与实施例1相同的条件下进行工艺。
实施例4
除了在实施例1中通过负载3重量%的Mn和0.6重量%的Zr来制备催化裂化催化剂之外,在与实施例1相同的条件下进行工艺。
比较例1
除了在实施例1中不使用ZrO(NO3)2·H2O来制备催化裂化催化剂之外,在与实施例1相同的条件下进行工艺。
比较例2
除了在实施例1中不使用MnCl2·4H2O来制备催化裂化催化剂之外,在与实施例1相同的条件下进行工艺。
评价例
对气体成分油通过在线(on-line)气相色谱仪(型号名称为HP 6890N)进行定量,液体成分油回收到储罐中后通过模拟蒸馏(Simdist)进行定量,通过分析来自废塑料热解油的包含乙烯和丙烯的轻质烯烃以及焦炭的重量来评价轻质烯烃的转化收率。
所述分析结果记载于下表2中。
[表2]
如所述表2所示,可以确认与比较例1和比较例2相比,在实施例1至实施例4中,从废塑料热解油转化为轻质烯烃的收率和焦炭减少效果更优异。
详细地,在实施例1的情况下,由于包含3重量%的作为第一金属的锰和0.1重量%的作为第二金属的锆,因此可以确认轻质烯烃的转化收率和焦炭减少效果最优异。
在实施例4的情况下,由于第一金属和第二金属的重量比为6:1.2(3重量%的锰、0.6重量%的锆),因此可以确认与实施例1相比,轻质烯烃的生成量有所减少,但与比较例1和比较例2相比更优异。
在实施例2的情况下,由于催化裂化催化剂包含3重量%的作为第一金属的锰和0.1重量%的作为第二金属的钛,因此可以确认与实施例1相比,轻质烯烃的转化收率和焦炭减少效果有所降低,但与比较例1和比较例2相比更优异。
在实施例3的情况下,由于催化裂化催化剂包含3重量%的作为第一金属的锡和0.1重量%的作为第二金属的锆,因此可以确认与实施例1相比,轻质烯烃的转化收率和焦炭减少效果有所降低,但与比较例1和比较例2相比更优异。
另一方面,在比较例1中,由于催化裂化催化剂仅包含3重量%的第一金属(锰)而不含第二金属(锆),因此可以确认轻质烯烃的转化收率降低,并且焦炭的生成量也增加。
在比较例2中,由于催化裂化催化剂仅包含0.1重量%的第二金属(锆)而不含第一金属,因此可以确认轻质烯烃的转化收率最低。
以上,对本发明的实施例进行了说明,但本发明并不限定于上述实施例,而是可以以彼此不同的各种方案实施,本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以理解在不更改本发明的技术思想或必要特征的情况下可以以其它具体方案实施。因此,应理解为,以上说明的实施例在所有方面都是例示性的而不是限定性的。
Claims (12)
1.一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,包括:
第一步骤,将废塑料热解油加入到反应器中;
第二步骤,在所述反应器中,在包含第一金属和第二金属的催化裂化催化剂下使废塑料热解油进行反应;以及
第三步骤,从所述第二步骤的产物中分离催化裂化催化剂和油以回收轻质烯烃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述第一金属包含选自锰、锡或锌中的至少一种以上的金属。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述第二金属包含选自钛、锆、铪、铌或钒中的至少一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂进一步包含沸石、黏土和粘合剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述沸石包含ZSM-5、ZSM-11、Y型沸石、镁碱沸石、丝光沸石、MCM-22、SUZ-4或L型沸石。
6.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂的第一金属和第二金属的重量比为6:0.1至6:1。
7.根据权利要求4所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂包含20-70重量%的沸石、10-60重量%的黏土、10-50重量%的粘合剂、1-6重量%的第一金属及0.1-1重量%的第二金属。
8.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂的平均颗粒尺寸为50-2000μm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述废塑料热解油包含常压下的沸点为340℃以上的减压馏分油(VGO)成分。
10.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述反应器为流化床反应器。
11.根据权利要求1所述的废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的方法,其中,所述第二步骤在400-600℃的温度和50-200kPa的反应压力下进行。
12.一种废塑料热解油以高收率转化为轻质烯烃的装置,包括:
流化床反应器,其中引入废塑料热解油,并且进行催化裂化反应;
旋风分离器,其中从所述流化床反应器引入产物,并且分离成催化剂和油;以及
稳定塔,其中从所述旋风分离器引入油,并且分离成气体成分和液体成分。
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