CN117966082A - Surface strengthening method of bearing - Google Patents
Surface strengthening method of bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN117966082A CN117966082A CN202410389510.6A CN202410389510A CN117966082A CN 117966082 A CN117966082 A CN 117966082A CN 202410389510 A CN202410389510 A CN 202410389510A CN 117966082 A CN117966082 A CN 117966082A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface strengthening method of a bearing, and belongs to the technical field of bearing surface strengthening. The surface strengthening method of the bearing provided by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out ion sulfurization treatment on the bearing; uniformly mixing the coating powder with shot blasting microparticles to obtain mixed powder, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bearing subjected to the ion sulfurization treatment through a high-speed microparticle spraying process; the coating powder includes molybdenum disulfide and a rare earth oxide. The surface strengthening method provided by the invention can enable the bearing to have high wear resistance, high hardness, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and also has good self-lubricating performance, low friction coefficient, stable performance and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing surface strengthening, in particular to a surface strengthening method of a bearing.
Background
The information disclosed in the background of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The bearing is widely applied to various high-end mechanical equipment as a basic part, the bearing support shaft rotates, friction is required to be reduced in the process, certain precision is ensured, the working environment is complex, the working condition is sometimes bad, and the bearing can be subjected to larger impact or even corrosion. Bearings are therefore required to have suitable hardness, toughness, strength and high wear resistance.
There are many techniques for strengthening the bearing surface, such as plasma spraying, laser cladding, ultrasonic rolling and shot blasting, carburization, nitriding, etc. Wherein, the input of heat during processing such as plasma spraying, laser cladding and the like can possibly cause deformation; the ultrasonic rolling process is difficult to master and is easy to cause waste; shot blasting can lead to stress concentration and wear resistance reduction, and the surface roughness is higher; coarse carbides may occur during carburization and nitriding to reduce toughness, and an excessively high carbon content bearing may cause an increase in brittleness after carburization. Single surface strengthening techniques have difficulty meeting the higher demands of bearings, and researchers have developed compound process studies.
The patent with publication number CN105177256A discloses a reinforced method for the surface of a Cr4Mo4V steel bearing by adopting reinforced shot blasting, grinding and heating carbon nitrogen ion infiltration treatment, which has the advantages that compared with an untreated Cr4Mo4V steel bearing, the fatigue life is improved by more than 3 times, the corrosion resistance is improved by 50%, the surface hardness is improved by more than 20%, the ultimate bearing is improved by 500MPa, the dry friction coefficient is reduced from 0.8 to 0.2, and the wear rate is 25%. In the patent, the strong shot blasting can deform the material, the dislocation density of the material is increased, and in the link of heating up and injecting infiltration, if the temperature is too high, the plastic deformation part generated in the shot blasting process is recovered, so that the effect of the shot blasting is reduced.
The patent with publication number CN108251786A discloses a surface strengthening treatment process for a metal bearing of a numerical control machine tool, which adopts plasma beam cladding to coat composite metal powder on the outer layer of the metal bearing after nitrocarburizing, and the friction coefficient after treatment is less than 0.35, the rust-proof time is prolonged by more than 1.5 times, and the service life is prolonged by more than 2 times. However, the excessive heat input of the plasma beam cladding in the patent can lead to deformation of materials, and the requirement on the process precision is high.
The patent with publication number CN116083915A discloses an ultra-high hardness surface strengthening GCr15 steel and a preparation method thereof, which adopts a multi-stage composite carbonitriding process and quenching tempering treatment to obtain CGr steel with a carbon-nitrogen compound dispersed hardening layer on the surface, and the processed CGr steel has high surface hardness. The treatment process of the patent is complex, multiple stages of carbonitriding may produce more impurities, and the quenching and tempering temperatures are poorly controlled.
The surface strengthening method for the bearing is complex in process, high in cost, high in material deformation risk and high in surface roughness, so that the problem to be solved is how to provide the surface strengthening method for the bearing, which is simple in process, low in cost and high in controllability, so that the surface strengthening method has high surface hardness, high wear resistance, good high-temperature resistance, friction performance and corrosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a surface strengthening method of a bearing, which adopts a composite treatment method of firstly sulfurizing treatment and then high-speed particle peening to treat the surface of the bearing, so that the surface hardness, antifriction and antiwear properties and high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of the bearing can be improved.
The invention provides a surface strengthening method of a bearing, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out ion sulfurization treatment on the bearing;
uniformly mixing the coating powder with shot blasting microparticles to obtain mixed powder, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bearing subjected to the ion sulfurization treatment through a high-speed microparticle spraying process; the coating powder includes molybdenum disulfide and a rare earth oxide.
Preferably, in the process of the ion sulfurizing treatment, the thickness of the ion sulfurizing layer is controlled to be 1-5 mu m.
Further, the temperature of the ion sulfurization treatment is 150-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-6 hours.
Preferably, after the ion sulfurization treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, wherein the cooling process is performed in an inert atmosphere.
Preferably, the spraying time of the high-speed particle spraying process is 30-120 s, the spraying pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the spraying speed is 150-300 m/s, and the working distance is 80-120 mm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the coating powder to the shot blasting microparticles is 6-8: 2-4.
Preferably, the particle diameters of the coating powder and shot-blasting particles are 100 μm or less.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the molybdenum disulfide to the rare earth oxide is 5-7: 3-5.
Preferably, the rare earth oxide comprises one or more of yttria, ceria, or lanthana.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of naturally aging the bearing treated by the high-speed particle spraying process.
Preferably, the step of ion sulfurizing further comprises the steps of polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and drying the bearing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention firstly carries out ion sulfurization treatment and then carries out high-speed particle spraying treatment, so that the sulfurized layer can be better combined with the matrix to form a uniform coating, the quality and stability are good, and meanwhile, the grains of the subsurface layer are thinned to form a deformation zone, and deformation reinforcement occurs, thereby improving the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the bearing.
(2) The invention adopts molybdenum disulfide and rare earth oxide to form coating powder, and the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are sprayed on the surface of the bearing, so that chemical reaction between the molybdenum disulfide and the rare earth oxide can not occur, the performance advantages of the molybdenum disulfide can be exerted, such as reduction of the friction coefficient of the surface of the bearing, reduction of abrasion and high fatigue resistance, and the high hardness, high thermal stability and high oxidation resistance of the rare earth oxide can be exerted; the bearing surface obtained by final treatment has high hardness, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance; and the high-speed particle injection ensures that the uniformity of the treated bearing surface is good.
(3) The surface strengthening method of the bearing provided by the invention is simple, low in cost, strong in controllability, and good in application prospect, and the bearing is not easy to deform.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other figures may be obtained from these figures without the inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a surface scanning electron microscope image after fretting wear test of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The invention provides a surface strengthening method of a bearing, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out ion sulfurization treatment on the bearing;
uniformly mixing the coating powder with shot blasting microparticles to obtain mixed powder, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bearing subjected to the ion sulfurization treatment through a high-speed microparticle spraying process; the coating powder includes molybdenum disulfide and a rare earth oxide.
In the prior art, the diffusion layer formed by a single sulfurizing process is thinner, and abrasion is easy to occur along with the use of the bearing. In order to form a high quality sulfurized layer on the steel surface, a method of forming a nano-sized surface by shot blasting and then sulfurizing to form a high quality sulfurized layer on the steel surface is generally adopted (for example, patent CN 101914748A and CN115355172 a). However, the inventors found that, due to the high temperature and long holding time during the sulfurization, the grain growth and dislocation density of the ultra-fine grain region formed by the shot blasting are reduced, so that the excellent performance obtained by the shot blasting process is eliminated or reduced. Therefore, the invention firstly carries out ion sulfurization treatment and then carries out high-speed particle spraying treatment, so that the sulfurized layer can be better combined with the matrix to form a uniform coating, the quality and the stability are better, meanwhile, the grains of the subsurface layer can be thinned to form a deformation zone, deformation reinforcement occurs, and the performance of the material is improved. In addition, the thickness of the sulfurized layer can be controlled more conveniently and accurately by firstly performing the ion sulfurizing treatment.
The invention adopts a high-speed particle spraying process to spray the molybdenum disulfide and rare earth oxide mixed coating powder and shot blasting particles on the surface of the bearing after ion sulfurization treatment, and the molybdenum disulfide and the rare earth oxide are embedded into the sulfurization layer in the process of beating and pit formation of the shot blasting particles with higher hardness. The molybdenum disulfide and FeS of the sulfurized layer have synergistic effect, so that the effects of lubrication and antifriction are jointly exerted, and the coating formed under high-speed particle injection has good stability and can exert more durable antifriction effect.
The molybdenum disulfide and the rare earth oxide cannot react chemically, so that the performance advantages of the molybdenum disulfide, such as reduction of the friction coefficient of the material surface, reduction of wear, improvement of fatigue resistance, and high hardness, high thermal stability and high oxidation resistance of the rare earth oxide can be exerted; the mixed shot blasting of molybdenum disulfide, rare earth oxide and shot blasting particles can also remove oxide and dirt on the surface of the sulfurized layer, so that the surface of the sulfurized layer is cleaner, and the surface fatigue performance and corrosion resistance are improved. Therefore, the surface obtained by the final treatment has high hardness, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance.
In the invention, the main reaction gas of ion sulfurization is solid sulfur vapor, a workpiece is connected with a cathode, and a furnace wall is connected with an anode. And when the vacuum degree is extracted to a certain degree, introducing nitrogen for ventilation so as to reduce impurity gas in the furnace as much as possible. After several times of ventilation, the vacuum degree is pumped to about 10Pa, and 700-900V of voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode so that the cathode is gradually heated under the bombardment of electrons. When the temperature rises to the sublimation temperature of sulfur, the sulfur atmosphere slowly diffuses into the whole furnace, and active sulfur atoms bombard the cathode under the action of an electric field to form an ion sulfurized film. In the process of the ion sulfurizing treatment, the thickness of the ion sulfurizing layer is controlled to be 1-5 mu m. Too thick or too thin an ion-sulfurized layer may result in coating non-uniformity, affecting the quality and stability of the coating. Meanwhile, if the sulfurized layer is too thin, the sulfurized layer can be easily peeled off and lose effect, and the cost is increased due to the excessive thickness. Further preferably, the temperature of the ion sulfurization treatment is 150-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-6 hours.
In order to improve the effect of the ion sulfurization treatment of the bearing and avoid the adverse effect caused by impurities, the method further comprises the steps of polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and drying the bearing before the ion sulfurization treatment. The present invention is not particularly limited to the specific procedures of the above operations, and may employ a treatment method commonly used in the art.
In the invention, after the ion sulfurization treatment is finished, the furnace is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and the slow cooling is beneficial to forming a stable sulfurization layer. In order to avoid oxidation and desulfurization, the cooling process is carried out in an inert atmosphere selected from nitrogen, argon or mixtures thereof.
In the invention, the injection time of the high-speed particle injection process is 30-120 s, the injection pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the injection speed is 150-300 m/s, and the working distance is 80-120 mm. The overlong spraying time and the overlarge pressure can damage the microstructure on the surface of the workpiece, reduce the surface quality of the workpiece, increase the production period, reduce the production efficiency, and increase the abrasion of the shot blasting equipment, thereby increasing the maintenance cost; too short a spray time and too low a pressure can affect the adhesion and durability of the coating.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the coating powder to the shot blasting microparticles is 6-8: 2-4. More coating powder than shot blasting microparticles can enable the surface of the material to be more easily doped with the coating powder at high speed, and meanwhile, the formed coating has better quality and uniform distribution.
The particle diameters of the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles of the invention are below 100 μm. If the particle size is too large, more rebound and scattering of particles are generated in the spraying process, so that the surface roughness of the workpiece after shot blasting is increased, excessive impact and abrasion on the surface of the workpiece are caused, fine structures on the surface of the workpiece are possibly damaged, the surface quality of the workpiece is reduced, the utilization rate of shot blasting materials is reduced, and the shot blasting materials are wasted.
The material of the shot blasting particles is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be selected from conventional shot blasting materials such as metal shot, alumina particles, etc.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the molybdenum disulfide to the rare earth oxide is 3-5: 5-7. The bearing treated under the mass ratio has better comprehensive performance.
In the present invention, the rare earth oxide includes one or more of yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, or lanthanum oxide.
The invention also comprises the step of carrying out natural aging treatment on the bearing treated by the high-speed particle spraying process, namely, placing the bearing for a period of time in a natural environment to gradually stabilize the surface of the bearing. Preferably, the natural aging treatment time is 3-24 hours. The treated bearings are then inspected and, depending on the actual requirements, may also include subsequent processing steps such as painting, polishing, etc.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments. In the following examples, the material of shot blasting particles was a high-speed steel roll with an average particle diameter of 50. Mu.m; the rare earth oxide adopts yttrium oxide.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a surface strengthening method of a GCr15 bearing, wherein the size of a GCr15 bearing workpiece is 100mm multiplied by 10mm.
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 170 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) Molybdenum disulfide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm and rare earth oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm were mixed at a mass ratio of 70:30 to form a coating powder. And then the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(5) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (4). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a surface strengthening method of a GCr15 bearing, wherein the size of a GCr15 bearing workpiece is 100mm multiplied by 10mm.
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 200 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) Molybdenum disulfide powder having an average particle diameter of 25 μm and rare earth oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 25 μm were mixed at a mass ratio of 50:50 to form a coating powder. And then the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(5) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (4). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a surface strengthening method of a GCr15 bearing, wherein the size of a GCr15 bearing workpiece is 100mm multiplied by 10mm.
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 150 ℃ for 6 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 5 mu m.
(4) Molybdenum disulfide powder having an average particle diameter of 25 μm and rare earth oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 25 μm were mixed at a mass ratio of 70:30 to form a coating powder. And then the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(5) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (4). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, compared with example 1, the ion sulfurization treatment was not performed, and the specific procedure was as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Molybdenum disulfide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm and rare earth oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm were mixed at a mass ratio of 70:30 to form a coating powder. And then the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(3) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the polished and cleaned bearing workpiece into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (2). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(4) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(5) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, compared with example 1, the high-speed fine particle injection process was not performed, and the specific steps were as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 170 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(5) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the sulfurized layer is uniform, and has no defects such as bubbles, cracks and the like.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example adopts a high-speed particle injection process, and then carries out ion sulfurization treatment, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Molybdenum disulfide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm and rare earth oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 μm were mixed at a mass ratio of 70:30 to form a coating powder. And then the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(3) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (2). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(4) Ion sulfurizing: and (3) placing the workpiece sprayed with the high-speed particles into an ion sulfurizing furnace, and preserving the temperature for 4 hours at 170 ℃.
(5) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) performing appearance inspection on the cured coating to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Comparative example 4
In this comparative example, compared with example 1, the high-speed fine particle spray does not contain coating powder, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 170 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting shot blasting particles. The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Comparative example 5
In this comparative example, compared to example 1, the coating powder was all molybdenum disulfide, and the specific steps were as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 170 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) Molybdenum disulfide powder with an average particle diameter of 50 μm and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(5) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (4). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Comparative example 6
In this comparative example, compared with example 1, the coating powder was all rare earth oxide, and the specific procedure was as follows:
(1) And (3) polishing to remove oxide skin of the GCr15 bearing workpiece by 400-mesh sand paper, and removing impurities and greasy dirt on the surface of the sample by ultrasonic cleaning.
(2) Ion sulfurizing: the workpiece is put into an ion sulfurizing furnace and is kept at 170 ℃ for 4 hours.
(3) And (3) cooling: after the sulfurization is completed, the temperature in the furnace is reduced, and the workpiece is slowly cooled to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min; and cleaning the residue of the sulfurizing agent on the surface of the workpiece, exposing the sulfide layer, wherein the thickness of the sulfurizing layer is 3 mu m.
(4) Rare earth oxide powder with an average particle diameter of 50 μm and shot blasting microparticles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 7:3, mixing to form mixed powder.
(5) High-speed particle ejection: and (3) putting the bearing workpiece subjected to the sulfurization treatment into a shot blasting device, and performing shot blasting by adopting the mixed powder in the step (4). The shot blasting device adopts compressed air as power to spray powder onto the surface of a workpiece. The shot blasting time is 60s, the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the working distance is 100mm, and the speed is 200m/s.
(6) Natural aging treatment: the workpiece is placed for 3 hours in the natural environment, so that the surface of the workpiece gradually tends to be stable.
(7) And (3) checking: and (3) carrying out appearance inspection on the treated bearing surface to ensure that the coating is uniform, free of bubbles, free of cracks and other defects.
Test examples
Untreated GCr15 bearings and GCr15 bearings treated in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were tested for surface hardness, fatigue life, friction coefficient, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance according to the following methods.
Testing the sample by using a Vickers hardness tester, a fatigue testing machine and a fretting wear testing machine; the corrosiveness was performed using a slow strain rate stress corrosion experiment.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 determination of Performance of GCr15 bearings after treatment and untreated for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6
From the above test results, it can be seen that the single shot peening or the sulfur impregnation process has lower improvement of bearing performance than the composite process, and the process of firstly shot peening and then sulfur impregnation in the composite process has remarkable improvement of bearing performance, but has poorer surface quality, poorer corrosiveness and shorter fatigue life than the process of firstly sulfur impregnation and then shot peening. The surface can form a sulfide layer through the ion sulfurization treatment, and microscopic pits are filled, so that the roughness of the surface is reduced; the micro-particle shot blasting can remove the residual sulfide layer and tiny surface protrusions, thereby further improving the surface smoothness. The simultaneous addition of the molybdenum disulfide and the rare earth oxide of the coating powder can synergistically improve the comprehensive performance of the bearing.
The obtained values of different parameters in the process of sulfurizing before shot blasting are slightly different, and the thickness of the sulfurizing layer can be doubled along with the prolongation of the heat preservation time. The increase of temperature does not affect the depth of the penetrated layer, but the content of the sulfur element on the surface is different, and the higher the treatment temperature is, the higher the content of the sulfur element on the surface is, which means that the more compact the penetrated layer is formed and the better the performance is. FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the treated bearing sample of example 3 after fretting wear testing (parameters: time 60min, frequency 15Hz, load 62N), and it can be seen that the material had a shallow wear mark and a smooth wear surface.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of surface strengthening a bearing, comprising the steps of:
carrying out ion sulfurization treatment on the bearing;
uniformly mixing the coating powder with shot blasting microparticles to obtain mixed powder, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bearing subjected to the ion sulfurization treatment through a high-speed microparticle spraying process; the coating powder includes molybdenum disulfide and a rare earth oxide.
2. The surface strengthening method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ion-sulfurized layer is controlled to be 1-5 μm in the ion-sulfurized treatment.
3. The surface strengthening method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the ion sulfurization treatment is 150-200 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4-6 hours.
4. The surface strengthening method according to claim 1, wherein after the ion sulfurization treatment is completed, the surface is cooled to room temperature with a furnace at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and the cooling process is performed in an inert atmosphere.
5. The surface strengthening method according to claim 1, wherein the high-speed particle spraying process has a spraying time of 30 to 120s, a spraying pressure of 0.3 to 0.6mpa, a spraying speed of 150 to 300m/s, and a working distance of 80 to 120mm.
6. The surface strengthening method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the coating powder to the shot blasting particles is 6 to 8: 2-4; the particle diameters of the coating powder and shot blasting microparticles are below 100 mu m.
7. The surface strengthening method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum disulfide to the rare earth oxide is 5 to 7: 3-5.
8. The surface strengthening method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth oxide comprises one or more of yttria, ceria, or lanthana.
9. The surface strengthening method of claim 1, further comprising the step of naturally aging the bearing treated by the high-speed particle spray process.
10. The surface strengthening method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of grinding, ultrasonic cleaning and drying the bearing prior to the step of ion-sulfurizing.
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