JPH083721A - Surface treatment of piston rod - Google Patents
Surface treatment of piston rodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH083721A JPH083721A JP15420594A JP15420594A JPH083721A JP H083721 A JPH083721 A JP H083721A JP 15420594 A JP15420594 A JP 15420594A JP 15420594 A JP15420594 A JP 15420594A JP H083721 A JPH083721 A JP H083721A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piston rod
- layer
- treatment
- pretreatment
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、各種の産業用機械や
車両等で使用されている油圧シリンダのピストンロッド
表面を改善するための処理方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a treatment method for improving the surface of a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder used in various industrial machines and vehicles.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】産業用や建設機械等で使用されている油
圧シリンダのピストンロッドは、常にロッド表面がシリ
ンダのシールと摺接して摩擦を受けるだけでなく、埃や
風雨に晒された場所で使用される場合が多い。2. Description of the Related Art The piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder used in industrial and construction machinery is not only subject to friction by friction of the rod surface with the seal of the cylinder, but also in places exposed to dust, wind and rain. Often used.
【０００３】そのために、当該ピストンロッド表面は、
平滑で摺動摩擦の少ない鏡面仕上げにすると共に、耐食
性および耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性に富んだものとしなけ
ればならない。Therefore, the surface of the piston rod is
It must be smooth and mirror-finished with little sliding friction, and must also be highly resistant to corrosion, abrasion and scratches.
【０００４】そこで、従来は、ピストンロッドの製作に
当って、先づ、丸棒の鋼材を旋盤でピーリングして表面
の荒皮を剥ぎ、かつ、歪み取りを行ったのちにこれを所
定の長さに切断し、外径をピストンロッドのかたちに合
わせて切削加工する。Therefore, conventionally, in manufacturing a piston rod, first, a round bar steel material is peeled off by a lathe to remove rough skin on the surface, and strain is removed. Cut into pieces, and cut the outer diameter according to the shape of the piston rod.
【０００５】そして、このようにして作ったピストンロ
ッドのロッド表面に硬質クロムメッキを施し、当該メッ
キによって耐食性および耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性を確保
すると同時に、メッキ面に仕上げのバフ掛けを行ってロ
ッド表面を平滑な鏡面に仕上げるのが主流であった。The rod surface of the piston rod thus manufactured is plated with hard chrome to ensure corrosion resistance, wear resistance and scratch resistance, and at the same time, the plated surface is buffed. It was the mainstream to finish the rod surface to a smooth mirror surface.
【０００６】しかし、上記した従来のメッキによるピス
トンロッドの表面処理方法にあっては、ピストンロッド
とメッキ層の密着性を上げて防錆力を保持するために、
メッキ前のピストンロッドに研磨やバフ掛け等の前処理
を施して平滑面にしてやる必要があり、これら研磨やバ
フ掛け等の前処理に多大の作業工数を要することにな
る。However, in the above-mentioned conventional method of treating the surface of the piston rod by plating, in order to increase the adhesion between the piston rod and the plating layer and maintain the rust preventive power,
It is necessary to perform a pretreatment such as polishing and buffing on the piston rod before plating to make it a smooth surface, and a great number of man-hours are required for the pretreatment such as polishing and buffing.
【０００７】そこで、上記前処理工程の作業工数の低減
を図るために、切削加工したピストンロッドに前処理と
して、作業性に優れたローラバニシング加工を施す方法
も行われている。Therefore, in order to reduce the number of man-hours required for the above-mentioned pretreatment process, a method of performing roller burnishing which is excellent in workability is also performed as a pretreatment on the piston rod which has been cut.
【０００８】このローラバニシング加工は、切削加工し
た金属表面をローラで転圧して僅かに塑性変形させ、切
削痕をつぶして精密に仕上げる塑性加工の一種であり、
それによって、表面粗さが向上すると同時に表面が加工
硬化し、さらに、圧縮残留応力が生じて耐久性の優れた
仕上げ面となる。This roller burnishing is a kind of plastic working in which a metal surface that has been cut is pressed by a roller to be slightly plastically deformed and the cutting marks are crushed to finish precisely.
As a result, the surface roughness is improved, and at the same time, the surface is work hardened, and further, compressive residual stress is generated to provide a finished surface having excellent durability.
【０００９】しかも、研磨やバフ掛け等の研削加工に比
べて加工時間が短く、したがって、極めて高品質の加工
面を高能率で作ることができる。Moreover, the processing time is shorter than that of the grinding processing such as polishing and buffing, and therefore a very high quality processed surface can be produced with high efficiency.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記したように、メッ
キ前処理としてのローラバニシング加工は、研磨やバフ
掛け等の研削による前処理手段に比べて作業性および品
質の面で著しく優れてはいるが、以下の点で未だ充分と
は言えない。As described above, the roller burnishing process as the pretreatment for plating is remarkably excellent in workability and quality as compared with the pretreatment means by grinding such as polishing and buffing. However, the following points are still not sufficient.
【００１１】すなわち、ローラバニシング加工を行うに
際しては、工具であるローラの寿命を長く保つために、
転圧時に生じる発熱を冷却してやると同時に、この転圧
時の高い押付力にも耐えるような強い油膜を作ってやる
必要がある。That is, when performing roller burnishing, in order to keep the life of the roller, which is a tool, long,
At the same time as cooling the heat generated during rolling, it is necessary to create a strong oil film that can withstand the high pressing force during rolling.
【００１２】そのために、加工面であるピストンロッド
表面に対して工作液であるバニシングオイルを供給しな
がら転圧することになるが、当該バニシングオイルがピ
ストンロッドの表面に強固に付着して洗浄を困難にす
る。Therefore, the burnishing oil, which is a working fluid, is compressed while being supplied to the surface of the piston rod, which is the machined surface. To
【００１３】また、ミクロ的にみると、切削加工によっ
てピストンロッド表面にできた切削痕間の突起部分がロ
ーラにより完全に押し潰されて切削痕と平らな面を形作
ることなく、加工方向に向かってミクロ的な倒れを起し
ている。Further, from a microscopic point of view, the protruding portion between the cutting marks formed on the surface of the piston rod by the cutting process is not completely crushed by the roller to form a flat surface with the cutting mark, and it is directed toward the processing direction. Causing a microscopic collapse.
【００１４】このことから、前処理としてローラバニシ
ング加工を施したピストンロッド表面に仕上処理として
のメッキ加工を施した場合に、これら突起の倒れた内側
のポケット部分にメッキ液や洗浄水が残留し、これらの
部分から腐食が進んでメッキ層が早期に剥離してしまう
という問題点が生じる。Therefore, when the surface of the piston rod, which has been subjected to roller burnishing as a pretreatment, is subjected to a plating treatment as a finishing treatment, the plating solution and the cleaning water remain in the inside pocket portions where these protrusions fall. However, there is a problem in that corrosion progresses from these portions and the plating layer is peeled off early.
【００１５】また、そればかりでなく、仕上処理として
のメッキ加工に際しては、使い古しのメッキ液は勿論の
こと、水洗水も有害物質として法的な規制を受けること
になるので、それらの処理に多大な工数と費用を要する
という問題点をも有する。Not only that, but in the plating process as the finishing treatment, not only the used plating solution but also the washing water is legally regulated as a harmful substance. It also has a problem that it requires a lot of man-hours and costs.
【００１６】勿論、上記したメッキによる仕上加工の代
わりに、酸化アルミや酸化クロム等のセラミックスを溶
射して耐食性および耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性を確保する
仕上方法もあるにはある。Of course, there is a finishing method in which ceramics such as aluminum oxide or chromium oxide is sprayed instead of the above-mentioned finishing by plating to secure the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the scratch resistance.
【００１７】しかし、これらの仕上方法は、セラミック
ス粉末をピストンロッドの表面に溶射して物理的に結合
させるものであって、セラミックスとピストンロッドが
金属結合や化学結合でないために密着度が低く剥離し易
いので、この処理手段をピストンロッドに用いることは
適当でない。However, in these finishing methods, ceramic powder is sprayed on the surface of the piston rod to physically bond it, and since the ceramic and the piston rod are not metallic bond or chemical bond, the adhesion is low and peeling occurs. It is not appropriate to use this processing means on the piston rod because it is easy to do.
【００１８】したがって、この発明の目的は、切削加工
したピストンロッド表面に簡単な前処理加工と仕上加工
処理を施すだけで、平滑度に優れ、かつ、耐食性および
耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性にも富んだロッド表面とするこ
とのできるピストンロッドの表面処理方法を提供するこ
とである。Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide excellent smoothness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and scratch resistance by simply performing a simple pretreatment and finishing treatment on the surface of the cut piston rod. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating the surface of a piston rod, which can provide a rich rod surface.
【００１９】[0019]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明において、上記
した目的は、切削加工したピストンロッド表面をローラ
バニシング加工で前処理したのち、当該仕上面にイオン
窒化処理および酸化処理を順次に施して、ピストンロッ
ド表面に表層から下層に亙り酸化物層と窒化層および窒
化拡散層からなる金属間化合物層を生成することにより
達成される。In the present invention, the above-mentioned object is to pre-treat a cut piston rod surface by roller burnishing and then sequentially subject the finished surface to an ion nitriding treatment and an oxidation treatment, This is achieved by forming an intermetallic compound layer composed of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and a nitride diffusion layer from the surface layer to the lower layer on the surface of the piston rod.
【００２０】[0020]
【作用】すなわち、ピストンロッドの表面処理方法とし
て上記した手段をとることにより、前処理であるローラ
バニシング加工時にローラの転圧によってピストンロッ
ド表面に強固に付着したバニシングオイルは、それに続
く仕上処理としてのイオン窒化処理の初期段階（予熱段
階）で起るスパッタリング作用で叩き出され、このスパ
ッタリングによってピストンロッド表面のクリーニング
が自動的に図られる。In other words, by taking the above-mentioned means as the surface treatment method of the piston rod, the burnishing oil firmly adhered to the piston rod surface by the roller rolling pressure during the roller burnishing processing which is the pretreatment is used as the subsequent finishing treatment. It is knocked out by the sputtering action that occurs in the initial stage (preheating stage) of the ion nitriding treatment of 1., and the surface of the piston rod is automatically cleaned by this sputtering.
【００２１】続いて、イオン窒化処理の中期以降におい
てピストンロッド表面には、ローラバニシング加工時の
ローラの転圧によってできたミクロ的な切削痕間の突起
の倒れをも含めて窒化層が生成される。Subsequently, after the middle stage of the ion nitriding treatment, a nitrided layer is formed on the surface of the piston rod, including the microscopic collapse of the projections between the cutting marks formed by the roller rolling during the roller burnishing. It
【００２２】しかも、上記窒化層の生成時において、ミ
クロ的な切削痕間の突起の倒れ部分にピストンロッド素
材の腐食を促進するような物質が入り込むこともない。Moreover, at the time of forming the above-mentioned nitrided layer, a substance that promotes corrosion of the piston rod material does not enter into the collapsed portion of the protrusion between the microscopic cutting marks.
【００２３】したがって、ピストンロッドの表面は、上
記窒化層の生成によって耐食性および耐摩耗性並びに耐
傷付性に優れたものとなる。Therefore, the surface of the piston rod becomes excellent in corrosion resistance, wear resistance and scratch resistance due to the formation of the nitrided layer.
【００２４】そして、さらにその上から酸化処理を施す
ことにより、ピストンロッドの表面の耐食性はより一層
向上したものになる。Further, by further subjecting it to oxidation treatment, the corrosion resistance of the surface of the piston rod is further improved.
【００２５】かくして、前処理としてローラバニシング
加工を行ったピストンロッドにイオン窒化処理と酸化処
理を順次に施してやることにより、平滑度に優れ、か
つ、耐食性および耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性にも優れたピ
ストンロッドを効率的に作ることが可能になるのであ
る。Thus, the piston rod subjected to the roller burnishing process as the pretreatment is subjected to the ion nitriding treatment and the oxidation treatment in sequence, whereby the smoothness is excellent and the corrosion resistance, the abrasion resistance and the scratch resistance are also excellent. It is possible to efficiently make a piston rod.
【００２６】[0026]
【実施例】ピストンロッド素材としてＳ４３Ｃの材質か
らなる直径５０ｍｍの丸棒の鋼材を用い、当該ピストン
ロッド素材の表面を旋盤によりピーリングして荒皮を削
り取る。[Example] As a piston rod material, a round bar steel material of S43C having a diameter of 50 mm is used, and the surface of the piston rod material is peeled by a lathe to scrape off the rough skin.
【００２７】そして、このピストンロッド素材を摂氏６
００度に加熱・放冷して歪み取りを行ったのち、これを
所定の長さに切断して外径をピストンロッドのかたちに
合わせて切削加工する。Then, this piston rod material is made into 6 degrees Celsius.
After heating and cooling to 00 degrees to remove strain, this is cut into a predetermined length and the outer diameter is cut in accordance with the shape of the piston rod.
【００２８】次いで、軸径２０ｍｍの加工ローラを用
い、これを回転数５００ｒｐｍおよび送り０．３ｍｍ／
ｒｅｖで駆動しつつピストンロッド表面にローラバニシ
ング加工を加えて前処理を施した。Next, a processing roller having a shaft diameter of 20 mm was used, which was rotated at 500 rpm and fed at 0.3 mm /
While being driven by rev, roller burnishing was applied to the surface of the piston rod for pretreatment.
【００２９】続いて、この前処理したピストンロッドに
耐摩耗性および耐食性を付与するために、当該ピストン
ロッドを「水素：窒素：一酸化炭素：Ｃｏ＝２０：６
４：１６（％）」の比率からなるガス雰囲気の真空炉に
入れ、かつ、１０００ボルトの電圧を印加して摂氏５５
０度で加熱しつつ３時間保持してイオン窒化処理を施し
た。Then, in order to impart wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the pretreated piston rod, the piston rod was treated with "hydrogen: nitrogen: carbon monoxide: Co = 20: 6".
It was put in a vacuum furnace in a gas atmosphere with a ratio of 4:16 (%) and a voltage of 1000 V was applied to the temperature of 55 ° C.
An ion nitriding treatment was performed by heating for 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 0 degree.
【００３０】このイオン窒化処理により、グロー放電で
電離した窒素と水素ガスの電子がピストンロッド表面の
急激な電圧降下によって高速に加速され、当該ピストン
ロッドの表面に激しく衝突してその表面を加熱するだけ
でなく、一部は直接イオンをピストンロッド表面に注入
し、さらに、一部はカソード・スパッタリングを起して
ピストンロッド表面から電子および鉄，炭素並びに酸素
等の元素を叩き出し、ピストンロッド表面に「ε（Ｆｅ
3 −２Ｎ）」の組成からなる深さ２５μｍの窒化層を
生成した。By this ion nitriding treatment, the electrons of nitrogen and hydrogen gas ionized by glow discharge are accelerated at a high speed due to a rapid voltage drop on the surface of the piston rod and violently collide with the surface of the piston rod to heat the surface. Not only that, some of them directly implant ions into the piston rod surface, and some of them cause cathode sputtering to knock out electrons and elements such as iron, carbon and oxygen from the piston rod surface. To "ε (Fe
3 -2N) to produce a nitride layer of depth 25μm having the composition ".
【００３１】しかも、このスパッタリング作用はイオン
窒化処理の予熱段階から起るので、先の前処理であるロ
ーラバニシング加工時においてピストンロッド表面に強
固に付着したバニシングオイルはこの予熱段階において
同時に叩き出され、当該ピストンロッド表面のクリーニ
ングが自動的に行われると同時に、当該表面が活性化さ
れてイオン窒化処理前の洗浄作業が不要となった。Moreover, since this sputtering action occurs from the preheating stage of the ion nitriding process, the burnishing oil firmly adhered to the piston rod surface during the roller pre-burnishing process, which is the pretreatment, is struck out simultaneously during this preheating stage. At the same time, the surface of the piston rod is automatically cleaned, and at the same time, the surface is activated so that the cleaning work before the ion nitriding process becomes unnecessary.
【００３２】次いで、イオン窒化処理したピストンロッ
ド表面に「水素：窒素：アルゴン：一酸化炭素＝２５：
２５：３０：２０（％）」の比率かならる雰囲気ガスを
用いて酸化処理を施し、窒化層の表面を「Ｆｅ3 Ｏ
4 」の組成からなる深さ２μｍの酸化物層で覆った。Then, "hydrogen: nitrogen: argon: carbon monoxide = 25:
Oxidation treatment was performed using an atmosphere gas having a ratio of 25:30:20 (%), and the surface of the nitride layer was made of “Fe 3 O”.
It was covered with an oxide layer having a depth of 2 μm and having a composition of 4 ″.
【００３３】これにより、ピストンロッド表面に対して
表層から下層に亙り酸化物層と窒化層および窒化拡散層
からなる金属間化合物層を生成した。As a result, an intermetallic compound layer composed of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and a nitride diffusion layer was formed from the surface layer to the lower layer on the surface of the piston rod.
【００３４】そして、その上から仕上バフを掛けてピス
トンロッドの表面を鏡面状の平滑面に仕上げたのであ
る。Then, a finishing buff was applied from above to finish the surface of the piston rod into a mirror-like smooth surface.
【００３５】かくして、上記の表面処理を施したピスト
ンロッドをＣＡＳＳ試験に掛けてそのレーティングナン
バーを調べたところ「２４時間後〜１０，４８時間後〜
９，９６時間後〜８」となり、従来のメッキによる表面
処理の場合の「２４時間後〜８，４８時間後〜７，９６
時間後〜５」に比べて、耐摩耗性および耐傷付性は勿論
のこと耐食性の点でも著しく向上することを確認した。Thus, the piston rod subjected to the above-mentioned surface treatment was subjected to the CASS test and its rating number was examined. "After 24 hours-10, after 48 hours-
After 9,96 hours to 8 ", it is" after 24 hours to 8,48 hours to 7,96 "in the case of the conventional surface treatment by plating.
It was confirmed that the abrasion resistance and the scratch resistance as well as the corrosion resistance were remarkably improved as compared with those after 5 hours.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明によれば、ロー
ラバニシング加工で前処理したピストンロッド表面にイ
オン窒化処理を施すことにより、当該ローラバニシング
加工時にピストンロッド表面に強固に付着したバニシン
グオイルを、それに続くイオン窒化処理の予熱段階での
スパッタリング作用で自動的に除去することができるの
で洗浄作業の簡略化が図られる。As described above, according to the present invention, the surface of the piston rod pretreated by the roller burnishing process is subjected to the ion nitriding treatment so that the burnishing oil firmly adhered to the surface of the piston rod during the roller burnishing process. Can be automatically removed by the sputtering action in the preheating step of the subsequent ion nitriding treatment, so that the cleaning operation can be simplified.
【００３７】しかも、ローラバニシング加工によりピス
トンロッド表面に切削加工時のミクロ的な突起の倒れが
残ったとしても、これら残留突起の根本部分に腐食を促
進するような有害物が入り込むこともない。Moreover, even if microscopic protrusions of the piston rod surface remain during the cutting process due to the roller burnishing process, harmful substances that promote corrosion do not enter the roots of these residual protrusions.
【００３８】そして、さらにその上から酸化処理を施す
ことにより、ピストンロッド表面の耐食性をより一層向
上させることができる。By further subjecting it to an oxidation treatment, the corrosion resistance of the piston rod surface can be further improved.
【００３９】したがって、前処理として作業効率に優れ
たローラバニシング加工を施すだけで、平滑度に優れ、
かつ、耐食性および耐摩耗性並びに耐傷付性にも優れた
ピストンロッドを効率的に作ることが可能になるのであ
る。Therefore, as a pretreatment, only by performing roller burnishing which is excellent in work efficiency, excellent smoothness can be obtained.
In addition, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a piston rod having excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and scratch resistance.
Claims (1)
ラバニシング加工で仕上げたのち、当該仕上面にイオン
窒化処理および酸化処理を順次に施して金属間化合物層
を生成することを特徴とするピストンロッドの表面処理
方法。1. A piston rod characterized in that after the cut piston rod surface is finished by roller burnishing, an ion nitriding treatment and an oxidation treatment are sequentially applied to the finished surface to form an intermetallic compound layer. Surface treatment method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15420594A JPH083721A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Surface treatment of piston rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15420594A JPH083721A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Surface treatment of piston rod |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH083721A true JPH083721A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
Family
ID=15579146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15420594A Pending JPH083721A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Surface treatment of piston rod |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH083721A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10141172A (en) * | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-26 | Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of common rail |
| JP2001148309A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-05-29 | Heiwa Corp | Plunger of solenoid and its manufacturing method |
| KR20040013706A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of piston rod for gas spring |
| KR20040013708A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of gas spring |
| KR20040013707A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of spindle for gas spring |
| KR100512452B1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-09-05 | 김영희 | High Corrosion Resistance Steel Components And Complex Surface Modification Method for Making The Same |
| DE102004025865A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Manufacturing piston rod for vehicle suspension shock absorber, provides unhardened rod with nitrided layer using proprietary plasma process |
| JP2017503911A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2017-02-02 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトＳｉｅｍｅｎｓ Ａｋｔｉｅｎｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ | Fatigue resistant turbine through bolt |
| JP2018502220A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-01-25 | アシュ．エー．エフ | Method of surface treatment of steel parts by nitriding or soft nitriding, oxidation and subsequent impregnation |
-
1994
- 1994-06-13 JP JP15420594A patent/JPH083721A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10141172A (en) * | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-26 | Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of common rail |
| JP2001148309A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-05-29 | Heiwa Corp | Plunger of solenoid and its manufacturing method |
| KR20040013706A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of piston rod for gas spring |
| KR20040013708A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of gas spring |
| KR20040013707A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-14 | 원학규 | Surface treatment method of spindle for gas spring |
| KR100512452B1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-09-05 | 김영희 | High Corrosion Resistance Steel Components And Complex Surface Modification Method for Making The Same |
| DE102004025865A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Manufacturing piston rod for vehicle suspension shock absorber, provides unhardened rod with nitrided layer using proprietary plasma process |
| JP2017503911A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2017-02-02 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトＳｉｅｍｅｎｓ Ａｋｔｉｅｎｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ | Fatigue resistant turbine through bolt |
| JP2018502220A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-01-25 | アシュ．エー．エフ | Method of surface treatment of steel parts by nitriding or soft nitriding, oxidation and subsequent impregnation |
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