CN117958101A - Plant seedling raising method for repairing degraded grassland - Google Patents
Plant seedling raising method for repairing degraded grassland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant seedling raising method for repairing a degraded grassland, which comprises the steps of selecting a place close to the degraded grassland for raising seedlings, leveling the land, removing stones and weeds, and setting the shape and the size of the seedling raising land according to the seedling raising amount and the topography of the seedling raising land; fully and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer added in the seedling raising land with the local soil; filling the seedling pot with matrix soil, and placing the seedling pot in a seedling land; if the leguminous species grows seedlings, inoculating relevant rhizobia; sowing the treated seeds in a seedling pot filled with matrix soil, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-5mm to enable the seeds to be fully contacted with the soil; adding a layer of sunshade net to the seedling land block; s7, supplementing water to the seedling pot every 1-2 days; weeds are removed in time after seedlings emerge, and 3 seedlings are reserved in each seedling pot. The method is simple, the requirements on the seedling raising land are not high, the seedling raising pot does not pollute the environment, water and fertilizer can be kept to the greatest extent, seedlings in the seedling raising pot are convenient to transplant, and the survival rate of the seedlings is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling raising methods for repairing degraded grasslands, in particular to a plant seedling raising method for repairing degraded grasslands.
Background
The complementary sowing is an important mode for recovering degraded grasslands, and no-tillage complementary sowing is mainly carried out by adopting a seed direct sowing mode at home and abroad. The method has the advantages of unsatisfactory supplementary seeding effect, low species survival rate and poor recovery effect of degraded grasslands due to the reasons of relative drought, rare effective rainfall, weak soil water retention capacity, unreasonable supplementary seeding time and mode and the like. The invention designs a seedling method suitable for the implantation type complementary sowing of degraded grasslands by taking the experience of crop and tree seedling as a reference, but distinguishing the seedling method.
The seedling raising technology in the aspects of domestic forest, crops, medicinal materials, vegetables, melons and fruits is relatively mature, and the technology is developed from the manufacture of seedling raising containers, seedling raising bases and seedling raising supporting facilities to the research and development of a series of seedling raising technologies, such as soilless culture seedling raising technology, plug seedling raising technology and the like. Seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation technology are suitable for transplanting on lands with good cultivation conditions and soil conditions, and good moisture conditions and fine management measures are also required, so that the seedling cultivation technology has few reports on pasture seedling cultivation. Therefore, the other plant seedling raising methods cannot be mastered, otherwise the seedling raising is easy to fail, and manpower, material resources and financial resources are wasted. For example, in the method for cultivating the pinus sylvestris seedlings (CN 200710011581.9), germination acceleration, seedling matrix allocation, multiple fertilizer addition, adjustment of different fertilizer concentrations and later management are needed, the operation process is complex, the management is fine, and more manpower and material resources are needed to be consumed; the patent (CN 200510010479.8) of Yang Yulin and the like requires to remove plastic seedling bags in the transplanting process of the pinus sylvestris seedlings, and the plastic seedling bags scatter on the land to cause environmental pollution; in a crop seedling method (CN 201810721482.8), a seedling device is specially designed for crop seedling, but the device has preset limitation in the aspect of cultivating a large number of seedlings and preset requirements and limitations on seedling facilities and sites; the ginger plug seedling method (201911323672.5) is a common vegetable and fruit seedling method, is simple and easy to implement, but the seedling with the matrix is suitable for cultivated lands and cultivated lands with good moisture. If applied in natural grasses, the seedlings transplanted in this way carry less soil or substrate and cannot resist the harsh environment of the natural grasses (drought, competition of the species already in the habitat). Therefore, some current seedling raising techniques are not suitable for raising pasture seedlings, and a new efficient, convenient and applicable method is needed for raising pasture seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a seedling raising method which is simple, good in seedling growth, long in survival time, free from influencing root growth, low in requirements on seedling raising sites and facilities, environment-friendly, pollution-free, convenient and fast in seedling transplantation and high in seedling survival rate.
The invention provides a technical scheme based on the technical problems:
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: selecting a region near the distance degradation grassland to turn over and harrow; dividing a land block into equal-width areas according to the topography;
S2, blending seedling substrates: adding a compound fertilizer according to the land area and the ratio of 12-15g/m 2, and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer and soil in the land for later use;
S3, laying seedling pot: selecting degradable seedling raising bowls, loading prepared seedling raising soil into the seedling raising bowls, wherein the loading height is 12cm, placing a plurality of seedling raising bowls in each row, filling gaps among the seedling raising bowls with peripheral soil, and soaking the seedling raising bowls for later use;
S4, seeds are of Gramineae species or leguminous species, and rhizobium is inoculated to the leguminous forage seedlings.
S5, sowing: placing the seeds of the Gramineae or leguminous species on the soil in a seedling pot filled with a matrix, paving a soil layer of 3-5mm on the surface of the seedling pot to cover the seeds and keeping the seeds moist;
s6, sun-shading treatment is carried out on seedling pots of gramineous species or leguminous species;
S7, water management: watering seedling pots of Gramineae species or Leguminosae species every 1-2 days to keep soil and seeds moist;
S8, seedling management: observing the growth condition of the seedlings, and transplanting when the seedlings grow to a preset height.
Further, the ploughing and harrowing depth in the step S1 is 20-30cm.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the S2 is a mixture obtained by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a water-retaining agent according to a mass ratio of 10:5:4:0.00045, and the water-retaining agent is a super absorbent resin SAP.
Further, the soil and the compound fertilizer in the step S2 are screened by a 2cm screen before being mixed.
Further, the seedling raising pot in the step S3 is made of polylactic acid or polyester biodegradable materials.
Further, the rhizobia in the S4 is rhizobia multiflorum, and the mass ratio of the seeds to the rhizobia powder is 1000:5-8.
Further, the seed in S5 is selected from the group consisting of alfalfa 3, alfalfa and Lespedeza, and the grass is selected from the group consisting of brome, wheatgrass, poncho, and leymus chinensis.
Further, the shading rate of the sunshade net in the step S6 is about 60%. Gramineae species or leguminous species
Further, the seedlings in the step S8 can be transplanted when growing to a preset height, wherein gramineous species grow for 25-35 days, the plant height is 20-25cm, and the lateral wall of a seedling pot with no main root system growing can be transplanted; the leguminous species grows for 20-30 days, the plant height is 20-30cm, and the main root system can be transplanted when reaching the bottom of the degradable seedling pot but not extending out of the seedling pot.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the seedling raising method can obviously promote the growth of seedlings in the early growth stage by adding the nutrients and the water-retaining agent, and reduces the evaporation and dispersion of water by combining the use of the sunshade net; by using the degradable seedling pot, a microenvironment for seedling growth is formed, the growth of seedling root systems is not affected, the seedlings can maintain normal growth in 10-15 days without nutrient and water supply, and the adaptability of the seedlings in a new environment is improved; the seedling pot can be degraded in soil, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free; the seedling raising pot and the seedlings are transplanted together, the transplanted seedlings are not damaged, the transportation and the transplanting operation are convenient, and the survival rate of the seedlings in the degraded grassland can be improved to the greatest extent by combining the conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the seedling raising land and the placement of the seedling raising pot of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the growth of seedlings in the seedling pot of the invention;
Wherein A is grassland 3 mixed flower Melissitus ruthenicus B is brome.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are fully described in detail, and the embodiments are only some embodiments, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments that may be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A plant seedling method for degraded grassland restoration, comprising the steps of:
S1, soil preparation: selecting a place near the degraded grassland or a place near the degraded grassland, finding a piece of abandoned land and a piece of abandoned land, turning over and raking the abandoned land, wherein the depth is 20-30cm, crushing and leveling soil, and removing weeds, grass roots and broken stones; dividing a land block into cells with the width of 100cm-120cm according to the topography, and determining the land block length according to the actual seedling raising amount;
S2, blending seedling substrates: adding 12g/m 2 of effective components of a compound fertilizer according to the land area, wherein the compound fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a water-retaining agent according to a mass ratio of 10:5:4:0.00045, sieving soil in a seedling raising land by a screen with holes of 2cm in diameter, and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer and the soil in the land for later use;
S3, filling a seedling pot: selecting degradable seedling raising bowls with the caliber of 10cm and the height of 15cm, loading the prepared seedling raising matrix into the seedling raising bowls, loading soil with the height of 12cm, lightly compacting the matrix in the seedling raising cup by using a plastic cup bottom with the diameter of 9cm, orderly arranging the seedling raising bowls with the matrix in a land area where soil is taken out, arranging 10 seedling raising bowls in each row, orderly arranging, reducing gaps among the seedling raising bowls as much as possible, so as to prevent water from being lost too fast, filling the gaps among the seedling raising bowls with peripheral soil after one area is filled, fully watering, and soaking all the seedling raising bowls for standby;
s4, seed treatment: inoculating multiple rhizobium to the alfalfa seeds in the grassland No. 3, and completely mixing the seeds and rhizobium powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:5 to uniformly distribute rhizobium on the surfaces of the seeds for later use;
S5, sowing: uniformly spot-sowing 5-8 treated seeds on soil in a seedling pot filled with a matrix, lightly pressing with fingers, spreading a layer of 3mm soil on the surface of the seedling pot filled with the seeds to cover the seeds, immediately wetting the soil surface by using a watering can, fully contacting the seeds with the soil, and keeping the seeds wet;
s6, sun shading treatment: placing a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% at a position 1m above a seedling pot on which seeds are sown, inserting wooden sticks with the height of 1m around a land block to support the sunshade net, binding the edge of the sunshade net on the wooden sticks, and preventing the sunshade net from covering and pressing seedlings due to wind blowing;
S7, water management: watering with a watering pot every 1 day to keep the soil and seeds moist;
S8, seedling management: observing the growth condition of seedlings, timely removing weeds, preventing the weeds from robbing water and nutrient resources, reserving 3 plants in each seedling pot, and transplanting when the main root system reaches the bottom of the degradable seedling pot but does not extend out of the seedling pot when the seedlings grow to 30 cm;
example 2
A plant seedling method for degraded grassland restoration, comprising the steps of:
S1, soil preparation: selecting a place near the degraded grassland or a place near the degraded grassland, finding a piece of abandoned land and a piece of abandoned land, turning over and raking the abandoned land, cutting and leveling soil to a depth of 30cm, and removing weeds, grass roots and broken stones; dividing a land block into cells with the width of 120cm according to the topography, and determining the land block length according to the actual seedling raising amount;
S2, blending seedling substrates: adding 15g/m 2 of effective components of a compound fertilizer according to the land area, wherein the compound fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a water-retaining agent according to a mass ratio of 10:5:4:0.00045, sieving soil in a seedling raising land by a sieve with 2cm holes in diameter, and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer and the soil in the land for later use;
S3, filling a seedling pot: selecting degradable seedling raising bowls with the caliber of 10cm and the height of 15cm, loading the prepared seedling raising matrix into the seedling raising bowls, loading soil with the height of 12cm, lightly compacting the matrix in the seedling raising cup by using a plastic cup bottom with the diameter of 9cm, orderly arranging the seedling raising bowls with the matrix in a land area where soil is taken out, arranging 10-12 seedling raising bowls in each row, orderly arranging, reducing gaps among the seedling raising bowls as much as possible, so as to avoid too fast water loss, filling the gaps among the seedling raising bowls with peripheral soil after one area is filled, fully watering, and soaking all the seedling raising bowls for standby;
S4, seed treatment: before the brome seeds are sown, individual full seeds without diseases and insect pests are selected, the empty seeds are removed, the brome seeds are soaked in water at 40 ℃ for 2 hours in advance, and the seeds are promoted to germinate neatly and quickly.
S5, sowing: uniformly spot-sowing 5-8 treated seeds on soil in a seedling pot filled with a matrix, lightly pressing with fingers, spreading a layer of 3-5mm soil on the surface of the seedling pot filled with the seeds to cover the seeds, immediately wetting the soil surface by using a watering can, fully contacting the seeds with the soil, and keeping the seeds wet;
S6, sun shading treatment: placing a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% at a position 1m above a seedling pot on which seeds are sown, inserting wooden sticks with the height of 1m around a land block to support the sunshade net, binding the edge of the sunshade net on the wooden sticks, and preventing the sunshade net from covering seedlings due to wind blowing;
s7, water management: watering with watering pot every 1-2 days to keep soil and seeds moist;
S8, seedling management: observing the growth condition of seedlings, timely removing weeds, preventing the weeds from robbing water and nutrient resources, reserving 3 seedlings in each seedling pot, and transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 20-25cm, wherein the side wall of the seedling pot is not grown out of a main root system;
the following is a table for comparing the effects of plant seedling cultivation implementation cases of degraded grassland restoration
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A plant seedling method for degraded grassland restoration, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation: selecting a region near the distance degradation grassland to turn over and harrow; dividing a land block into equal-width areas according to the topography;
S2, blending seedling substrates: adding a compound fertilizer according to the land area and the ratio of 12-15g/m 2, and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer and soil in the land for later use;
S3, laying seedling pot: selecting degradable seedling raising bowls, loading prepared seedling raising soil into the seedling raising bowls, wherein the loading height is 12cm, placing a plurality of seedling raising bowls in each row, filling gaps among the seedling raising bowls with peripheral soil, and soaking the seedling raising bowls for later use;
S4, seeds are of Gramineae species or leguminous species, and rhizobium is inoculated to the leguminous forage seedlings.
S5, sowing: placing the seeds of the Gramineae or leguminous species on the soil in a seedling pot filled with a matrix, paving a soil layer of 3-5mm on the surface of the seedling pot to cover the seeds and keeping the seeds moist;
s6, sun-shading treatment is carried out on seedling pots of gramineous species or leguminous species;
S7, water management: watering seedling pots of Gramineae species or Leguminosae species every 1-2 days to keep soil and seeds moist;
S8, seedling management: observing the growth condition of the seedlings, and transplanting when the seedlings grow to a preset height.
2. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the ploughing and harrowing depth in the step S1 is 20-30cm.
3. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and in the S2, the mixture obtained by mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the water-retaining agent according to the mass ratio of 10:5:4:0.00045 is used as the water-retaining agent, and the water-retaining agent is the super absorbent resin SAP.
4. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) sieving the soil and the compound fertilizer in the step (S2) through a 2cm screen before mixing.
5. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and S3, the seedling raising pot is made of polylactic acid or polyester biodegradable materials.
6. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the rhizobia in the S4 is rhizobia multiflorum, and the mass ratio of the seeds to the rhizobia powder is 1000:5-8.
7. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the seed in the S5 is selected from the group consisting of alfalfa, melissitus ruthenicus, and Lespedeza, and the grass is selected from the group consisting of brome, herba Binder, herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, and herba Lespedezae Cuneatae.
8. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the shading rate of the shading net in the S6 is about 60 percent.
9. A plant growing method for degraded grassland restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the seedlings in the step S8 can be transplanted when growing to a preset height, wherein gramineous species grow for 25-35 days, the plant height is 20-25cm, and the side wall of a seedling pot with no main root system growing can be transplanted; the leguminous species grows for 20-30 days, the plant height is 20-30cm, and the main root system can be transplanted when reaching the bottom of the degradable seedling pot but not extending out of the seedling pot.
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| CN202311854482.2A CN117958101A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Plant seedling raising method for repairing degraded grassland |
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| CN202311854482.2A CN117958101A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Plant seedling raising method for repairing degraded grassland |
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