CN117942957A - 一种耐酸反相色谱固定相及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种耐酸反相色谱固定相及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及液相色谱固定相,其特征在于键合相中含有双官能团结构并在低pH条件下具有良好的稳定性,其结构式如下:其中Silica Gel为硅胶,R为苯基或碳数为1‑8的烷基链,n=0‑27。本发明还提供了上述色谱固定相的制备方法,通过硅烷化反应制备得到新型双链反相谱固定相。本发明提供的分离材料制备方法简单高效,固定相中含有疏水双官能团结构,可提供多种作用力,并在低pH条件下具有良好的耐受性,可应用于不同种类化合物的分离分析。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及液相色谱固定相,具体地说是一种含有疏水双官能团结构的耐酸反相色谱固定相。
技术背景
液相色谱一类分离与分析技术,根据被测物种不同物质与固定相的相互作用不同,按照不同的物质顺序离开色谱柱,应用非常广泛,由于具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、速度快、色谱柱可反复利用,流出组分易收集等优点,因而被广泛应用各种领域,并已成为解决生化分析问题最有前途的方法。反相色谱具有柱效高、分离能力强、保留机理清楚等优点,是液相色谱分离模式中使用最为广泛的一种,反相固定相中最具代表性的是以硅胶为基质,主要通过表面键合C8、C12、C18、苯基、五氟苯基等基团。在反相色谱中,为了改善碱性药物、酚酸类化合物,多肽和蛋白质等样品的峰形,通常会在流动相中加入甲酸、三氟乙酸等酸性添加剂,用于抑制化合物本身或者硅胶表面硅醇基的电离,从而降低这些样品与反相固定相之间的次级相互作用,达到改善峰形和提高柱效的目的。同时,酸性添加剂能够改变带电溶质的电离状态,从而提供与中性或者碱性条件不同的分离选择性。但流动相pH小于2时,键合相与二氧化硅表面之间的硅氧烷键会水解,从而导致键合相的流失,因此常规反相色谱柱在低pH条件下的稳定性较差,严重阻碍了以pH作为流动相变量条件对样品进行分离纯化[McCalley,D.V.LC-GC,1999,17,440-455]。本发明设计出一种双官能团结构的新型反相色谱固定相,该结构作为液相色谱固定相并未被报道过,可在低pH条件下具有良好的稳定性,由于含有不同种作用力,对样品具有不同的分离效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐酸液相色谱固定相及其制备方法。该键合相含有疏水双官能团结构,其制备方法简单,适用性广泛。
本发明的技术方案是:液相色谱固定相,其特征在于结构为:
其中Silica Gel为硅胶,R为苯基或碳数为1-8的烷基链,n=0-27。
本发明还提供了上述固定相的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a.硅胶预处理:硅胶加入浓度为10~40wt%的强酸溶液中,加热回流搅拌1~48小时,过滤,用水洗涤至pH=6~7,所得固体于干燥箱中80~160℃条件下真空干燥8~24小时,得酸化后硅;
以每克硅胶计,强酸溶液的用量5-20mL;
b.硅烷化反应:在氮气或氩气保护下,在有机溶剂中加入硅烷偶联剂、碱性催化剂和经80-200℃干燥8~18小时的酸化后硅胶,在40~150℃下反应3~24小时,过滤,依次用二甲苯、甲醇、甲醇水、甲醇、四氢呋喃洗涤,所得固体于干燥箱中40~80℃条件下真空干燥8~24小时,得到色谱固定相;
以每克硅胶计,有机溶剂的用量为5-20mL,硅烷偶联剂的用量为1-10mmol,碱性催化剂的用量为1-30mmol。
本发明提供的分离材料制备方法简单高效,固定相中含有疏水双官能团结构,可提供多种作用力,并在低pH条件下具有良好的耐受性,可应用于不同种类化合物的分离分析。
本发明具有如下优点:
1.固定相结构新颖。本发明首次提出将疏水双官能团结构修饰到硅胶表面,制备得到新型耐酸反相色谱固定相。
2.本发明提供的液相色谱固定相对不同极性的化合物具有很好的分离选择性,可广泛用于各类样品的分离分析,并在低pH条件下具有良好的稳定性,耐酸性能优于常规反相填料。
3.本发明提供的液相色谱固定相制备过程简单可靠,反应条件温和,有利于实现产业化。
附图说明
图1为实施例4的色谱图;
图2为实施例5的色谱图;
图3为实施例6的色谱图之一(■标记为实施例1中的固定相,×标记为常规C18色谱柱);
图4为实施例6的色谱图之二(■标记为实施例1中的固定相,×标记为常规C18色谱柱);
图5为实施例7的色谱图;
图6为实施例8的色谱图之一;
图7为实施例8的色谱图之二。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例,对本发明做进一步说明。实例仅限于说明本发明,而非对本发明的限定。
实施例1
向250mL烧瓶中加入10g硅胶,加入100mL浓度为25wt%的盐酸溶液中,加热回流搅拌5小时,过滤,用水洗涤至pH=6~7,所得固体于真空干燥箱中160℃条件下干燥24小时,得酸化后硅胶。
在氮气保护下,向100mL烧瓶中加入10g经160℃干燥24小时的酸化后硅胶(粒径为10μm,孔径为10nm)、10.3g十八烷基苯基二氯硅烷、3g N,N-二甲基吡啶和80mL二甲苯,在115℃下反应3小时,过滤,依次用二甲苯、甲醇、50%(V/V)甲醇水、甲醇、四氢呋喃洗涤,所得固体在真空干燥箱中80℃条件下干燥16个小时,得到色谱固定相1,结构如下:
实施例2
向250mL烧瓶中加入10g硅胶,加入100mL浓度为30wt%的硝酸溶液中,加热回流搅拌2小时,过滤,用水洗涤至pH=6~7,所得固体于真空干燥箱中160℃条件下干燥24小时,得酸化后硅胶。
在氮气保护下,向250mL烧瓶中加入10g经160℃干燥24小时的酸化后硅胶(粒径为10μm,孔径为10nm)、20g三十烷基苯基二氯硅烷、4.84g三乙胺和80mL二甲苯,在120℃下反应16小时,过滤,依次用二甲苯、甲醇、50%(V/V)甲醇水、甲醇、四氢呋喃洗涤,所得固体在真空干燥箱中80℃条件下干燥16个小时,得到色谱固定相2,结构如下:
实施例3
向250mL烧瓶中加入10g硅胶,加入100mL浓度为25wt%的盐酸溶液中,加热回流搅拌5小时,过滤,用水洗涤至pH=6~7,所得固体于真空干燥箱中160℃条件下干燥24小时,得酸化后硅胶。
在氮气保护下,向100mL烧瓶中加入10g经160℃干燥24小时的酸化后硅胶(粒径为10μm,孔径为10nm)、9.46g十八烷基丙基二氯硅烷、3g N,N-二甲基吡啶和80mL二甲苯,在130℃下反应12小时,过滤,依次用二甲苯、甲醇、50%(V/V)甲醇水、甲醇、四氢呋喃洗涤,所得固体在真空干燥箱中80℃条件下干燥16个小时,得到色谱固定相3,结构如下:
实施例4
使用实施例1所得色谱固定相1装填4.6×50mm(直径×长度)色谱柱,用于液相色谱模式下的非极性化合物的分离分析,该固定相对极性化合物具有良好的选择性。如图1所示,色谱条件为:
色谱柱:4.6×50mm;
样品:混标(尿嘧啶1mg/mL,硝基苯1mg/mL,萘2mg/mL,芴2.2mg/mL,50%甲醇水(体积比)为溶剂);
溶剂:A:乙腈,D:水;
洗脱:A:D=70:30(体积比);
流速:1.0mL/min;
柱温:30℃;
检测:PDA(190nm-400nm)&UV(254nm);
进样:1.0μL。
实施例5
使用实施例1所得色谱固定相1装填4.6×50mm(直径×长度)色谱柱,用于液相色谱模式下的极性与非极性化合物的分离分析,并具有良好的分离选择性。如图2所示,色谱条件为:
色谱柱:4.6×50mm;
样品:混标(尿嘧啶1mg/mL,阿米替林2mg/mL,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯1mg/mL,50%甲醇水(体积比)为溶剂);
溶剂:A:乙腈,B:水,D:100mM甲酸铵(pH=3.2);
洗脱:A:B:D=45:45:10(体积比);
流速:1.0mL/min;
柱温:30℃;
检测:DAD(190nm-400nm)&UV(254nm);
进样:1μL。
实施例6
使用实施例1所得色谱固定相1装填4.6×50mm(直径×长度)色谱柱及4.6×50mm规格的常规C18固定相色谱柱,分别用于低pH条件下填料耐受性评价。如图3和图4所示,本发明中的固定相可在pH=1的条件下色谱柱可耐受28800倍柱体积且柱效及保留时间变化较小,而常规C18色谱柱只能耐受15360倍柱体积,说明该固定相具有良好的耐酸性能,色谱条件为:
色谱柱:4.6×150mm;
样品:芴1mg/mL,甲醇为溶剂;
溶剂:A-甲醇,B-体积浓度1%三氟乙酸水(pH=1);
洗脱:A:B=50:50(体积比);
流速:2.0mL/min;运行时间60min,为一个破坏循环,记录芴的保留,柱效;
柱温:50℃;
检测:PDA(190nm-400nm)&UV(254nm);
进样:3μL。
实施例7
使用实施例1所得色谱固定相1装填4.6×150mm(直径×长度)色谱柱,用于低pH条件下越橘提取物中花色苷成分选择性评价。如图5所示,本发明中的固定相可在1%三氟乙酸体系下具有良好的耐酸性能,且提高载样量后对花色苷成分依然有良好的分离选择性,色谱条件为:
色谱柱:4.6×150mm;
样品:越橘提取物(购买于緑之健公司),取适量加入质量浓度2%HCl-甲醇溶液溶解至25mg/mL,用质量浓度10%磷酸水溶液稀释得到5mg/mL样品;
流动相:A-体积浓度1%三氟乙酸乙腈;B-体积浓度1%三氟乙酸水;
梯度:0-20min,10-30% A;20-30min,30-90% A(体积比);
流速:1mL/min;
柱温:40℃;
检测波长:535nm;
进样量:2μL,60μL。
实施例8
使用实施例1所得色谱固定相1装填4.6×150mm(直径×长度)色谱柱,用于低pH条件下丹参酚酸样品评价。如图6及图7所示,本发明中的固定相可在体积浓度1%三氟乙酸体系下具有良好的耐酸性能,丹参酚酸样品的峰形对称,且提高载样量后峰均匀向前展宽,对杂质的分离效果也较好,解决了在0.1%FA体系下峰拖尾现象,色谱条件为:
色谱柱:4.6×150mm;
样品:丹参酚酸(10mg/mL,甲醇配置);
流动相:A-体积浓度1%三氟乙酸乙腈;B-体积浓度1%三氟乙酸水;C-体积浓度0.1%甲酸乙腈;D-体积浓度0.1%甲酸水;
梯度:0-30min,10-40% A(1%三氟乙酸);0-30min,10-50% C(0.1%甲酸)(体积比);
流速:1mL/min;
柱温:40℃;
检测波长:270nm;
进样量:1μL,12μL。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐酸反相色谱固定相,其特征在于:键合相中含有疏水双官能团结构,其结构式如下:其中Silica Gel为硅胶,R为苯基或碳数为1-8的烷基链中的一种或二种以上,n=0-27正整数中的一个或二个以上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的固定相,其特征在于:
每克硅胶R的量为0.1-10mmol(优选0.5-2.4mmol,更优选1-2mmol)。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的固定相的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)硅胶预处理:硅胶加入浓度为10~40wt%(优选20~35wt%,更优选25~30wt%)的强酸溶液中,加热回流搅拌1~48(优选1~24,更优选1~5)小时,过滤,用水洗涤至pH=6~7,所得固体于80-200℃(优选80~160℃)条件下干燥8~24小时(优选8~18小时),得酸化后硅胶;
2)硅烷化反应:在氮气和/或氩气保护下,在有机溶剂中加入硅烷偶联剂、碱性催化剂和酸化后硅胶,在40~150℃下反应3~24小时,过滤,依次用二甲苯、甲醇、30-70%(V/V)甲醇水、甲醇、四氢呋喃洗涤,所得固体于干燥箱中40~80℃条件下干燥8~24小时,得到色谱固定相。
4.按照权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a所用的强酸为盐酸、硝酸、硫酸中的一种或二种以上。
5.按照权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b所用的硅烷偶联剂有如下结构:
其中,X为氯、甲氧基或乙氧基中的一种或二个以上,R为苯基或碳数为1-8的烷基链中的一种或二种以上,n=0-27正整数中的一个或二个以上。
6.按照权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b所用的有机溶剂为与水不互溶的二氯甲烷、甲苯、二甲苯、正庚烷、异辛烷中的一种或二个以上。
7.按照权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b所用的碱性催化剂为二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂环[5,4,0]十一烯-7、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯、N,N-二甲基吡啶、吡啶、咪唑中的一种或二个以上。
8.按照权利要求3-7任一所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤a所用的强酸溶液的用量为每克硅胶5-20mL(优选5-15mL,更优选10-15mL);
步骤b所用的有机溶剂的用量为每克硅胶5-20mL(优选5-15mL,更优选10-15mL);
步骤b所用的硅烷偶联剂的用量为每克硅胶1-10mmol(优选1-5mmol,更优选1-2.4mmol);
步骤b所用的碱性催化剂的用量为每克硅胶1-30mmol(优选1-15mmol,更优选2-8mmol)。
9.一种权利要求1或2所述的固定相作为液相色谱固定相的应用。
10.按照权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:其可用于流动相pH<2条件下样品的反相色谱分离。
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