CN117904143B - 陆地棉GhDIR1基因、其编码蛋白及其表达载体和应用 - Google Patents
陆地棉GhDIR1基因、其编码蛋白及其表达载体和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
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- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8282—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for fungal resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了陆地棉GhDIR1基因、其编码蛋白及其表达载体和应用。本发明公开了从陆地棉中分离的GhDIR1基因,其多核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No.1所示,其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID No.2所示。本发明从陆地棉中分离得到GhDIR1基因,利用亚细胞定位和病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)技术、转基因过表达拟南芥技术对该基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的功能进行初步验证,结果发现所分离的GhDIR1基因可以正向调控棉花抗大丽轮枝菌反应,表明所分离的GhDIR1基因在提高植物对于黄萎病抗性或培育抗黄萎病植物品种等方面具有应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从棉花中分离的基因,尤其涉及从陆地棉中分离获得的GhDIR1基因、其编码蛋白及其过表达载体和在提高植物抗黄萎病中的应用,属于陆地棉中新分离的基因及其应用领域。
背景技术
陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)属于锦葵科(Malvaceae)棉属(Gossypium)植物,是中国重要的经济作物之一。黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)和黑白轮枝菌(V. albo-atrum)等轮枝菌属引发的土传性的真菌维管束病害(Wang P, Zhou L,Jamieson P, et al. Thecotton wall-associated kinase GhWAK7a mediatesresponses to fungal wilt pathogens by complexing with the chitin sensoryreceptors[J]. Plant Cell, 2020, 32(12): 3978-4001.),研究表明中国棉花黄萎病的致病菌多为大丽轮枝菌。土壤中大丽轮枝菌的菌核在25℃~30℃的环境下复苏,接触到棉花根系后从根系伤口或幼嫩根尖处侵染并进入维管束,大丽轮枝菌在棉花维管束内繁殖产生大量孢子,依靠维管束、导管运输扩散至棉花各个部位致使棉花叶片萎蔫脱落,严重情况下导致整株死亡。病株体内残留的大丽轮枝菌孢子可继续侵染其他植株或形成微菌核在土壤中等待适宜条件继续扩散。
大丽轮枝菌微菌核可在极端环境下存活80年之久,环境耐受性强,寄主范围广,对菊科、豆科、锦葵科等双子叶植物都有较强的侵染性,能够侵染600多种双子叶植物,其中农作物180余种。随着环境条件的改变及与寄主植物的长期互作过程中,黄萎病菌生理小种也在不断变异。黄萎病菌寄主范围广、存活时间长、发病生育时期多样、致死率高、病菌不断变异等诸多因素的影响,导致目前防治困难,被称为棉花的“癌症”。
目前已经鉴定出许多与棉花抗黄萎病相关的基因。GbNRX1、GhMLP28、GbTLP1、GhDIR1等棉花防御相关蛋白基因的转基因植株对大丽轮枝菌的抗性增强(Li Y.B, HanL.B, Wang H.Y, et al. The thioredoxin GbNRX1 plays a crucial role inhomeostasis of apoplasticreactive oxygen species in response to Verticilliumdahliae infection in cotton[J]. Plant Physiol., 2016, 170(4): 2392-2406.)。沉默跨膜受体蛋白基因GbaVd1和GbaVd2后,棉花植株对VW的抗性降低,过表达GbaVd1和GbaVd2可显著增加维管束的木质化,增强棉花对大丽轮枝菌的抗性(Chen J, Li N, Ma X,et al. The ectopic overexpression of the cotton Ve1 andVe2-Homolog sequencesleads to resistance response to Verticillium Wilt in Arabidopsis[J]. Front.Plant Sci., 2017, 8: 844)。茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)的生物合成和信号转导途径是植物抗大丽轮枝菌的重要组成部分,经鉴定,GhCDKE和GhCPK33可通过JA途径增强棉花对大丽轮枝菌的抗性(Song Y, Zhai Y, Li L, et al. BIN2negatively regulates plantdefence against Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis and cotton[J]. PlantBiotechnol. J., 2021, 19(10): 2097-2112.)。几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在抗病过程中应用最为广泛,主要是通过降解病原体细胞壁中的主要成分几丁质和葡聚糖,抑制病原体对植物的侵染,从而提高植物的抗性。因此,植物可以通过细胞壁修饰、胞外酶、模式识别受体和信号转导途径等多种机制对大丽轮枝菌产生抗性。虽然许多基因已被鉴定并证实与棉花对大丽轮枝菌抗性有关,但其具体调控网络仍不清楚。转录因子作为一种多功能蛋白,可以同时参与多种信号通路的调控,包括应激信号的感知和相应基因的表达,在信号转导网络中发挥重要作用(Hrmova M, Hussain S S. Plant transcription factorsinvolved in drought and associatedstresses[J]. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(11): 5662.)。因此挖掘棉花抗黄萎病相关基因具有重要的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是从棉花中分离获得与调控黄萎病抗性的基因及其编码蛋白;
本发明的目的之二是提供含有所述从棉花中分离获得与调控抗黄萎病相关的基因的表达载体或重组宿主菌;
本发明的目的之三是将所棉花中分离获得的基因应用于调控植物抗黄萎病或用于培育黄萎病植物品种。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案包括:
本发明的一方面是提供了从陆地棉中分离的与调控抗黄萎病有关的GhDIR1基因,所述GhDIR1基因的CDS的核苷酸序列选自(a)-(d)中的任何一种:
(a)SEQ ID No.1所示的多核苷酸序列;(b)与SEQ ID No.1的互补序列在严谨杂交条件能够进行杂交的多核苷酸;(c)与SEQ ID No.1所示的多核苷酸至少有95%或以上同源性的多核苷酸;(d)在SEQ ID No.1所示的多核苷酸的基础上进行一个或多个碱基的缺失、取代或插入的突变体,且该突变体仍具有调控黄萎病抗性的功能或活性。
本发明的另一方面是提供了从陆地棉中分离的与调控抗黄萎病有关的GhDIR1基因的编码蛋白,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID No.2所示。
另外,本领域技术人员可以将SEQ ID No.1所示的核苷酸进行优化以增强在植物中的表达效率。例如,可采用目标植物的偏爱密码子进行优化来合成多核苷酸以增强在目标植物中的表达效率。
将本发明的SEQ ID No.1所示的基因与其他基因相嵌合或连接得到的嵌合基因或表达盒均属于本发明的保护范畴;含有所述的嵌合基因或表达盒的重组表达载体同样也属于本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明还公开了含有所述GhDIR1基因的重组表达载体;优选的,所述重组表达载体可以为重组原核表达载体或重组真核表达载体。
本发明进一步公开了含有所述GhDIR1基因的重组宿主细胞或重组菌;其中,所述重组菌包括但不限于重组大肠杆菌或重组真核细胞;所述的重组真核细胞包括但不限于重组真菌或重组植物细胞。
本领域人员可以通过常规的基因编辑技术或基因敲除载体的构建方法构建GhDIR1基因的编辑载体,或者按照本领域的常规方法构建含有GhDIR1基因的重组表达载体,这些方法均为本领域技术人员所熟练掌握。譬如,将所述GhDIR1基因与表达调控元件相连接,得到可以在植物中表达该基因的重组表达载体;该重组表达载体包含启动子,GhDIR1基因的CDS序列和终止子;所述的启动子可以是组成性启动子、诱导型启动子、组织或器官特异性启动子,终止子序列可取自根癌农杆菌的Ti-质粒,例如,章鱼碱合成酶和胭脂碱合成酶终止区。载体还可含有用于选择转化细胞的选择性标记基因,用于选择经转化的细胞或组织。所述标记基因包括:编码抗生素抗性的基因以及赋予除草化合物抗性的基因等。此外,所述的标记基因还包括表型标记,例如β-半乳糖苷酶和荧光蛋白等。
本发明的另一方面是提供了GhDIR1基因在调控植物黄萎病抗性中的应用,包括:通过调控GhDIR1基因在植物中的转录和翻译水平实现对黄萎病抗性调控;相应的,通过改变GhDIR1基因在植物中转录和翻译的水平来实现对黄萎病抗性的调控都应属于本发明的保护范围。
关于如何提高或者降低GhDIR1基因在棉花或其他植物中的表达水平,均是本领域技术人员可以通过各种常规的技术手段来实现,譬如,通过构建GhDIR1基因的超表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化法转化植物,获得GhDIR1基因的超表达株系,提高棉花或其他植物对于黄萎病抗性;或者通过CRISPR、RNAi方法敲除或者干涉棉花或其他植物体内的GhDIR1基因,使GhDIR1基因功能缺失突变,降低其对于黄萎病抗性。
作为本发明的一种优选的具体实施方案,本发明提供了一种提高植物对于黄萎病抗性的方法,包括:构建GhDIR1基因过表达载体;将所述GhDIR1基因在植物中进行过表达,所得到的转基因植物对于黄萎病抗性提高。
作为本发明的另一种优选的具体实施方案,本发明提供了一种培育抗黄萎病植物品种的方法,包括:构建GhDIR1基因过表达载体;将GhDIR1基因在在植物中进行过表达;从获得的转基因阳性植株中,筛选得到对黄萎病抗性提高的植物新品种。
在本发明中,可以采用任何植物转化方法将本发明所构建的重组表达载体转化到目标植物的组织、细胞中,得到转化体,再由转化体通过植物组织培养的方法再生得到完整的植物及其无性系或其后代,所述的转化方法包括农杆菌介导的遗传转化、原生质体转化、植物病毒载体、显微注射法、电击法等。
本发明中所述的目标植物包括但不限于:单子叶植物或双子叶植物。所述的最优选目标植物是棉花或拟南芥。
本发明从陆地棉中分离得到GhDIR1基因,利用亚细胞定位和病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术、转基因过表达拟南芥技术对该基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的功能进行初步探究,结果发现所分离的GhDIR1基因可以正向调控棉花抗大丽轮枝菌反应,表明GhDIR1基因在提高植物对于黄萎病抗性或培育抗黄萎病植物品种等方面具有应用前景。
本发明所涉及到的术语定义
除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术及科学术语都具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所了解相同的含义。虽然在本发明的实践或测试中可使用与本文所述者类似或等效的任何方法、装置和材料,但现在描述优选方法、装置和材料。
术语“多核苷酸”或“核苷酸”意指单股或双股形式的脱氧核糖核苷酸、脱氧核糖核苷、核糖核苷或核糖核苷酸及其聚合物。除非特定限制,否则所述术语涵盖含有天然核苷酸的已知类似物的核酸,所述类似物具有类似于参考核酸的结合特性并以类似于天然产生的核苷酸的方式进行代谢。除非另外特定限制,否则所述术语也意指寡核苷酸类似物,其包括PNA(肽核酸)、在反义技术中所用的DNA类似物(硫代磷酸酯、磷酰胺酸酯等等)。除非另外指定,否则特定核酸序列也隐含地涵盖其保守修饰的变异体(包括(但不限于)简并密码子取代)和互补序列以及明确指定的序列。特定而言,可通过产生其中一个或一个以上所选(或所有)密码子的第3位经混合碱基和/或脱氧肌苷残基取代的序列来实现简并密码子取代。
术语“同源性”指多核苷酸序列之间在百分比核苷酸位置同一性(即序列相似性或同一性)方面的相似性或百分同一性的水平。此处所用的术语同源性也指不同多核苷酸分子之间相似的功能特性的概念,例如具有相似功能的启动子可能具有同源的顺式元件。当多核苷酸分子在特定条件下特异性地杂交以形成双链体分子时,它们是同源的。在这些条件下(称为严谨杂交条件)一个多核苷酸分子可以用作鉴定共有同源性的另一个多核苷酸分子的探针或引物。
本发明中所述“严谨杂交条件”意指在所属领域中已知的低离子强度和高温的条件。通常,在严谨条件下,探针与其靶序列杂交的可检测程度比与其它序列杂交的可检测程度更高(例如超过本底至少2倍)。严谨杂交条件是序列依赖性的,在不同的环境条件下将会不同,较长的序列在较高温度下特异性杂交。通过控制杂交的严谨性或洗涤条件可鉴定与探针100%互补的靶序列。对于核酸杂交的详尽指导可参考有关文献(Tijssen, techniquesin biochemistry and molecular biology-hybridization with nucleic probes,"Overview of principles of hybridization and the strategy of nucleic acidassays.1993)。更具体来说,所述严谨条件通常选择低于特异序列在规定离子强度pH下的热熔点(Tm)约5-10℃。Tm为在平衡状态下50%与目标互补的探针杂交到目标序列时所处的温度。在指定离子强度、pH和核酸浓度下,因为目标序列过量存在,所以在Tm下在平衡状态下50%的探针被占据。严谨条件可为以下条件:其中在pH 7.0到8.3下盐浓度低于约1.0 M钠离子浓度,通常为约0.01到1.0 M钠离子浓度(或其它盐),并且温度对于短探针(包括但不限于10到50个核苷酸)而言为至少约30℃,而对于长探针(包括但不限于大于50个核苷酸)而言为至少约60℃。严谨条件也可通过加入诸如甲酰胺的去稳定剂来实现。对于选择性或特异性杂交而言,正信号可为至少两倍的背景杂交,视情况为10倍背景杂交。例示性严谨杂交条件可如下:50%甲酰胺,5×SSC和1% SDS,在42℃下培养;或5×SSC,1% SDS,在65℃下培养,在0.2×SSC中洗涤和在65℃下于0.1% SDS中洗涤。所述洗涤可进行5、15、30、60、120分钟或更长时间。
本发明中所述的“多个”通常意味着2-8个,优选为2-4个;所述的“替换”是指分别用不同的氨基酸残基取代一个或多个氨基酸残基;所述的“缺失”是指氨基酸残基数量的减少,也即是分别缺少其中的一个或多个氨基酸残基;所述的“插入”是指氨基酸残基序列的改变,相对天然分子而言,所述改变导致添加一个或多个氨基酸残基。
术语“启动子”指多核苷酸分子,所述多核苷酸分子在其天然状态位于可读框(或蛋白质编码区)的翻译起始密码子上游或5’端,并参与RNA聚合酶II及其它蛋白质(反式作用转录因子)的识别和结合以启动转录。
术语“可操作地连接”指第一个多核苷酸分子(例如启动子)与第二个可转录的多核苷酸分子(例如目的基因)连接,其中多核苷酸分子如此排列,从而第一个多核苷酸分子影响第二个多核苷酸分子的功能。优选地,两个多核苷酸分子是单个连续多核苷酸分子的部分,且更优选是临近的。例如,如果启动子在细胞内调节或介导目的基因的转录,则该启动子与目的基因可操作地连接。
术语“重组植物表达载体”:一种或多种用于实现植物转化的DNA载体;本领域中这些载体常被称为二元载体。二元载体连同具有辅助质粒的载体是大多常用于土壤杆菌介导转化的。二元载体通常包括:T-DNA转移所需要的顺式作用序列、经工程化处理以便能够在植物细胞中表达的选择标记物,待转录的异源性DNA序列等。
术语“转化”:将异源性DNA序列引入到宿主细胞或有机体的方法。
术语“表达”:内源性基因或转基因在植物细胞中的转录和/或翻译。
术语“重组宿主细胞株”或“宿主细胞”意指包含本发明多核苷酸的细胞,而不管使用何种方法进行插入以产生重组宿主细胞,例如直接摄取、转导、配对或所属领域中已知的其它方法。外源性多核苷酸可保持为例如质粒的非整合载体或者可整合入宿主基因组中。宿主细胞可为原核细胞或真核细胞,宿主细胞还可为单子叶或双子叶植物细胞。
附图说明
图1为GhDIR1基因表达模式图。
图2为GhDIR1的亚细胞定位结果;分别将pYBA1132-GFP、pYBA1132-GhDIR1-GFP融合表达蛋白与pCAMBIA1300-PM膜定位marker共定位于烟草;pCAMBIA1300-PM膜定位marker只在红色荧光通道mCherry中产生红色信号。
图3为目的基因扩增及GhDIR1-pTRV2重组质粒构建结果;A:目的VIGS片段扩增,其中,M:DNA marker Ⅲ;lines 1-3:‘R15’中扩增GhDIR1的VIGS片段;B:GhDIR1-pTRV2重组质粒菌液PCR检测,其中,M:DNA marker Ⅲ;lines1-3:重组质粒菌液PCR。
图4为GhDIR1基因VIGS沉默效率检测结果;A:沉默CLA1基因后叶片出现白化;B:Real-time实时定量PCR检测GhDIR1沉默效率;***表示P<0.001差异水平极显著。
图5为GhDIR1基因沉默棉花植株黄萎病抗性鉴定结果;A:V991侵染14 d后TRV::00和TRV::GhDIR1植株表型鉴定;B:接种14 d后,TRV::00和TRV::GhDIR1棉花植株病情指数统计;C:接种14 d后,TRV::00和TRV::GhDIR1棉花植株相对真菌生物量测定;***表示P<0.001差异水平极显著。
图6为转基因棉花的实时定量检测及抗病性鉴定结果;注:A:实时荧光定量分析;B:V991侵染21 d后转基因棉花抗病性鉴定;C-D:V991侵染21 d后转基因棉花病情指数和真菌生物量统计;**和***分别表示P<0.01差异水平显著和P<0.001差异水平极显著。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
试验例1 陆地棉GhDIR1基因的分离克隆
本发明人试验室前期通过对接种大丽轮枝菌的拟南芥进行转录组和代谢组学分析,发现了大量差异表达基因(DEGs),通过生物信息学分析锚定拟南芥抗大丽轮枝菌,并从NCBI网站获得棉花基因组中与其高度同源基因GhDIR1。GhDIR1基因是一个新的、在植物界尚未有功能报道的基因,其基因长度351 bp(SEQ ID No.1),编码116个氨基酸(SEQ IDNo.2),当棉花受大丽轮枝菌侵染初期,棉花中GhDIR1基因显著上调表达。
试验例2 陆地棉GhDIR1基因的功能验证试验
1、材料方法
(1)试验材料、载体与菌株
陆地棉品种‘R15’;棉花VIGS载体pTRV1、pTRV2、pTRV2-CLA1;大丽轮枝菌强致病力菌系V991;大肠杆菌Trans1-T1感受态细胞、大肠杆菌DH5α菌株、根瘤农杆菌GV3101感受态细胞均由中国农业科学院生物技术研究所提供。
(2)试验试剂
植物总RNA小量提取试剂盒购自广州美基(Magen)生物有限公司;质粒小提试剂盒购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;DNA Marker、反转录试剂盒MonScriptTMRTIII all-in-one Mix(with dsDNase)购自莫纳(Monad)生物科技有限公司;2×Taq PCR Mix购自北京艾德莱生物科技有限公司;限制性内切酶EcoR 、BamH I购自NEB(北京)有限公司;2×Assembly Mix;荧光定量试剂盒2x ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
(3)基因表达分析
取V991菌液1 mL加入含有卡那和羧苄青霉素抗生素的CM培养基(6 g/L酵母提取物、6 g/L酸水解酪蛋白和10 g/L蔗糖)中,28℃,220 rpm培养,培养4-5 d镜检观察孢子并利用血球计数板统计孢子浓度。当孢子浓度达到107cfu/mL时用4层纱布过滤掉菌丝体,收集孢子液。当棉花长至“两叶一心”时,将其根部浸泡至V991孢子悬浮液中0 h、0.5 h、1 h、2h、4 h、8 h和12 h后,分别提取根、茎、叶组织的RNA并反转录合成cDNA。以棉花持家基因Ployubiquitin(LOC107918137)作为内参基因,检测引物为UBQ-F/R及qGhDIR1-F/R (表1),qRT-PCR扩增分析棉花根部GhDIR1基因在浸染菌液后不同时间段的相对表达水平。每个样本进行三个技术重复。反应结束后,根据目的基因和内参基因的Ct值,使用2-ΔΔCt方法计算目的基因的表达量。
(4)GhDIR1亚细胞定位
根据在线网站Cell-PLoc 2.0对GhDIR1亚细胞定位预测的结构,设计引物p1132-GhDIR1-F/R (表1)特异性扩增GhDIR1基因的ORF序列,将ORF序列插入含绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的表达载体pYBA1132中,重组质粒转化农杆菌感受态GV3101,培养2-3 d后,挑点阳性转化子进行扩繁,菌液在28℃恒温摇床中180 r/min培养至OD600为1.2左右,重悬液重悬将其OD600调整为1.0左右,室温静置3 h后对培养至5-6片真叶的烟草进行注射。注射后暗处理48 h,剪取烟草叶片下表皮在LSM980共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(Zeiss,Jena,Germany)下观察荧光亚细胞定位情况。细胞膜标记载体pCAMBIA1300- 35S-PM-mCherry购自北京庄盟国际生物基因科技有限公司。
(5)棉花VIGS
设计特异性引物GhDIR1-VIGS-F/R(表1)。PCR扩增GhDIR1基因VIGS片段,插入pTRV2多克隆位点EcoR I和BamH I间。利用电击转化法将pTRV2-GhDIR1质粒转入农杆菌GV3101。农杆菌介导的棉花VIGS操作按照GAO等方法进行(Li X, Su X, Lu G, et al.VdOGDH is involved in energy metabolism and required for virulenceofVerticillium dahliae[J]. Curr Genet, 2020, 66(2): 345-359)。注射VIGS菌液之后,观察注射pTRV2-CLAⅠ菌液植株叶片的白化情况,第二片真叶出现叶脉网格状白化即可进行沉默效率检测,取沉默植株与对照植株第一片真叶相同叶片大小一致的叶片,提取RNA并反转录合成cDNA,使用引物qGhDIR1-F/R(表1),采用RT-qPCR法检测沉默效率。
表1 本试验所用引物
注:下划线所示为酶切位点。
(6)过表达转GhDIR1基因棉花
为了获得稳定的转GhDIR1基因棉花株系,本试验使用pBI121-GhDIR1-F/R通过Gateway bp Clonase II酶混合物(Invitrogen, 11789020)和Gateway LR Clonase II酶混合物(Invitrogen, 11791020)将基因全长克隆到pBI121中。将质粒转化到农杆菌菌株LBA4404中,28℃培养阳性菌落至OD600=0.4 - 0.6。培养液8000 rpm离心10 min,上清液用液体MS培养基重悬至OD600=0.3 - 0.4。将棉花‘R15’切成6 mm的下胚轴,在农杆菌溶液中浸泡5-10 min,然后置于25℃共培养培养基中培养2 - 3 d。将下胚轴切片转移到愈伤组织诱导培养基(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和植物激素)中,在27±2℃下培养2 - 4个月。每隔30 d进行愈伤组织诱导和传代培养。当愈伤组织达到1 cm时,将其转移到分化培养基中(不添加任何植物激素或抗生素)继续增殖和诱导,直到产生胚性愈伤组织。然后用胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基诱导胚状体和植株幼苗,每30 d进行传代培养。当再生苗长到约3 cm时,移栽到生根培养基中。当在生根培养基中观察到强壮的根,并且再生苗变成半木质化时,将再生苗取出,在温室中嫁接,随后,通过实时荧光定量筛选获得T2转基因系。
(7)GhDIR1棉花沉默植株及转基因棉花黄萎病抗病性鉴定
使用1.3的棉花接菌方法,将棉花的根组织浸泡在孢子液5 min后重新移栽至营养土中。10 d后观察棉花表型及统计病情指数。病情分为5级:0级,无疾病;1级,子叶变黄,真叶无病;2级,所有子叶均发病,1-3片真叶发病;3级,包括子叶在内的5片以上棉花叶片发病;4级,所有叶子显示疾病,叶子脱落,植物死亡。
病害指数计算公式为:病情指数=[∑(每一级病株数×相应病害等级)/(10×4)]×100。提取棉花基因组DNA,在大丽轮枝菌基因组DNA中核糖体RNA基因ITS1和ITS2区域(Z29511)检测真菌生物量,使用的引物为Vd-ITS-F/R,内参基因为UBQ(表1)。qRT-PCR反应在ABI7500 Fast仪器上进行,数据通过2-ΔΔC t方法分析(Su X, Wu S, Liu L, et al.Potential antagonistic bacteria againstVerticillium dahliaeisolated fromartificially infested nursery[J].Cells, 2021, 10(12): 3588)。
2、试验结果
(1)陆地棉GhDIR1基因表达模式
为探究GhDIR1基因受大丽轮枝菌侵染后的表达模式,实时荧光定量结果显示GhDIR1在大丽轮枝菌侵染0.5 h时在棉花根部显著上调,1 h时达到峰值,随后表达水平逐渐下降;GhDIR1在棉花茎部几乎不表达(图1)。这些结果表明,GhDIR1在棉花感染大丽轮枝菌后可被诱导,并可能参与棉花对大丽轮枝菌的抗性反应。
(2)GhDIR1定位于细胞核中
为了确定GhDIR1的亚细胞定位,本试验构建了pYBA1132-GhDIR1-GFP融合质粒,并将对照pYBA1132-GFP载体和膜定位基因PM-mCherry转化到烟草叶片中瞬时表达,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察荧光信号。对照组pYBA1132-GFP在细胞膜及细胞核中都检测到了绿色荧光信号,而pYBA1132-GhDIR1-GFP处理组仅在细胞膜上观察到绿色荧光信号,与膜定位基因PM-mCherry的红色荧光信号高度重合(图2)。这一结果与在线预测结果相吻合,表明GhDIR1可能作为一种膜结合蛋白,在激活下游基因表达方面发挥作用。
(3)沉默GhDIR1基因提高棉苗抗黄萎病能力
VIGS重组载体构建
在棉花品种‘R15’的cDNA中扩增到带有EcoR I和BamH I酶切位点的GhDIR1(图3中的A)。将扩增得到的目的片段进行测序及与目的基因CDS库比对,结果基因序列与目标序列一致,用于VIGS载体的构建。将目的基因GhDIR1分别与VIGS载体pTRV2同时用EcoR I和BamHI两种酶进行双酶切、连接,进而获得重组载体GhDIR1-pTRV2。重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌后分别经菌液PCR鉴定(图3中的B),与预期基因片段大小一致,证明VIGS重组质粒构建成功。进一步转化农杆菌感受态GV3101后进行棉花VIGS基因沉默试验。
GhDIR1基因沉默效率检测
注射菌液一周后,CLA1对照植株的真叶出现白化现象(图4中的A),选取沉默和对照植株各五棵,提取叶片RNA进行Real-time实时定量PCR检测GhDIR1基因的沉默效率(图4中的B),结果表明GhDIR1基因被沉默,沉默效率达70%,可以对GhDIR1基因的苗期功能进行研究。
沉默GhDIR1降低棉苗植株的抗黄萎病能力
将对照组和沉默组植株接种V991 14 d后,对照组表现为个别叶片黄化叶缘向下卷曲;GhDIR1沉默组表现出更严重的植株萎蔫,叶片脱落等黄萎病症状。取GhDIR1沉默组的棉花植株与对照组的棉花植株子叶连接处进行剖杆观察,体式显微镜下观察到沉默组棉花维管束褐化,出现更加明显的褐色条纹(图5中的A)。同时,GhDIR1沉默植株的病情指数、相对真菌生物量与对照组相比显著升高(图5中的B-C)。因此,推测GhDIR1基因在棉花抵御黄萎病过程中起重要调控作用。
(4)过表达GhDIR1增强棉花苗期的抗黄萎病能力
利用pBI121-GhDIR1对棉花进行遗传转化,在转基因棉花T2代通过实时荧光定量筛选获得表达量较高两个转基因株系(OE1和OE2)用于后续的试验(图6中的A)。将大丽轮枝菌V991接种于野生型和转基因棉花,检测接种后21 d统计棉花的发病情况。在转基因植株中可以观察到抗性更强的表型,萎蔫和黄化较少(图6中的B)。与野生型相比,转基因植株的病情指数和真菌生物量明显下降(图6中的C-D)。结果表明GhDIR1基因对植物抗大丽轮枝菌起到正向的调控作用。
Claims (3)
1.GhDIR1基因在调控陆地棉黄萎病抗性中的应用,包括:使用GhDIR1-VIGS-F/R 引物扩增而得的 VIGS 片段对陆地棉进行病毒诱导基因沉默来降低陆地棉GhDIR1 基因表达以降低陆地棉植株的抗黄萎病能力;或者通过构建 GhDIR1 基因超表达重组表达载体并转入陆地棉中,通过使 GhDIR1 基因在陆地棉中超表达以提 高 陆 地 棉 植 株 的 抗 黄 萎病 能 力;
所述GhDIR1-VIGS-F/R 引物的核苷酸序列如下:
GhDIR1-VIGS-F:TCTGTGAGTAAGGTTACC GAATTC GTTCTGGGATTGATTGTGCTTATT;
GhDIR1-VIGS-R:ACGCGTGAGCTCGGTACC GGATCC ATGCTCCACATCTGTAACCGACT;
所述GhDIR1基因的CDS的多核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No.1所示。
2.一种提高陆地棉对于黄萎病抗性的方法,其特征在于,包括:构建GhDIR1基因过表达重组植物表达载体;将GhDIR1基因在陆地棉中进行过表达,所得到的转基因植物对于黄萎病抗性提高;所述GhDIR1基因的CDS的多核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No.1所示。
3.一种培育抗黄萎病陆地棉品种的方法,其特征在于,包括:构建GhDIR1基因过表达重组植物表达载体;将GhDIR1基因在陆地棉中进行过表达;从获得的转基因阳性陆地棉植株中筛选得到对于黄萎病抗性提高的陆地棉品种;所述GhDIR1基因的CDS的多核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No.1所示。
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