CN117903406A - 一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法及油墨组合物 - Google Patents
一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法及油墨组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法及油墨组合物,涉及聚氨酯技术领域。耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,包括:将聚醚二元醇、端羟基聚硅氧烷与多异氰酸酯单体按OH和NCO摩尔比0.55‑0.9:1进行反应,获得聚氨酯预聚物;端羟基聚硅氧烷通式为HO(CH2)mSiMe2O(SiOMe2)x(SiOMeR1)ySiMe2(CH2)mOH,其中,m=2‑8,x=10‑100,y=3‑60,Me代表甲基,R1为‑CH2CH2R2Ph,R2为不存在或C1‑C10亚烷基,Ph代表苯基;将聚氨酯预聚物进行扩链,获得聚氨酯。本发明的制备方法获得的聚氨酯具有较好的耐低温性能,而且机械性能较好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,涉及一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法及油墨组合物。
背景技术
聚氨酯材料因其卓越的性能而被广泛应用于国民经济众多领域,产品应用领域涉及轻工、化工、电子、纺织、医疗、建筑、建材、汽车、国防、航天、航空等。在一些应用场合要求聚氨酯材料具有很好的耐低温性能,比如航天航空、北方地区等。因此,开发耐低温聚氨酯材料具有重要的实际意义。现有的耐低温聚氨酯制备中一般是加入耐低温性能很好的聚硅氧烷,比如现有技术一公开一种有机硅改性聚氨酯聚合物,在A组分中采用端羟基聚硅氧烷A和聚合多元醇A进行搭配;现有技术二公开一种耐低温抗冲击的聚氨酯弹性体,采用端氨基硅烷预聚物与1,4-丁二醇一起作为聚氨酯的扩链剂。
申请人认为现有的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法还需要继续改进。
现有技术一:中国发明申请专利CN115894845A。
现有技术二:中国发明申请专利CN115873199A。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法。
本发明还提供一种油墨组合物。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,包括:
S1、将聚醚二元醇、端羟基聚硅氧烷与多异氰酸酯单体按OH和NCO摩尔比0.55-0.9:1进行反应,获得聚氨酯预聚物;
所述端羟基聚硅氧烷通式为HO(CH2)mSiMe2O(SiOMe2)x(SiOMeR1)ySiMe2(CH2)mOH,其中,m=2-8,x=10-100,y=3-60,Me代表甲基,R1为-CH2CH2R2Ph,R2为不存在或C1-C10亚烷基,Ph代表苯基;
S2、将步骤S1所述的聚氨酯预聚物进行扩链,获得所述聚氨酯;
所述扩链所用的扩链剂为二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的组合。
优选的,步骤S1中所述聚醚二元醇和所述端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的重量比为1:0.2-5。
优选的,步骤S1中所述聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为800-5000。
优选的,步骤S1中所述多异氰酸酯单体为二异氰酸酯单体。
优选的,步骤S2中所述二官能度扩链剂的通式为HOR3OH或R4NHR5NHR4,其中R3和R5独自的选自C2-C10亚烷基、含叔胺基的C4-C10亚烷基、C6-C14亚芳香基,R4选自C1-C4烷基。
优选的,步骤S2中所述三官能度扩链剂的分子量不超过200。
优选的,步骤S2中所述二官能度扩链剂和所述三官能度扩链剂的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.2。
优选的,步骤S2中所述聚氨酯预聚物中NCO基团摩尔数与所述扩链剂中活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.05。
一种油墨组合物,原料组分包含:100份上述任一项技术方案所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法制备获得的耐低温聚氨酯、50-300份有机溶剂、0-100份填料、0.5-2份附着力促进剂、0.3-2份分散剂、0.5-2份防沉剂、0.3-1份流平剂、0.5-1份消泡剂和0-5份颜料。
优选的,所述填料选自有机填料和无机填料中的一种或几种组合。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的耐低温聚氨酯采用的端羟基聚硅氧烷结构中含有苯基烷基结构,离硅氧烷主链更远和活动性更高的苯基结构既可以进一步提高聚硅氧烷的低温性能,也可以阻碍聚氨酯硬段的结晶性,提高聚氨酯的耐低温性能,而且聚氨酯的伸长率更高。
2、本发明的耐低温聚氨酯采用三官能度扩链剂作为扩链剂之一,因此聚氨酯为支化结构,可以进一步提高聚氨酯的耐低温性能,并且提高聚氨酯的机械强度。因此,本发明的耐低温聚氨酯虽然由于聚硅氧烷和苯基的原因,降低了机械强度,但是支化结构提高了聚氨酯的机械强度。因此,综合下来,本发明的耐低温聚氨酯在具有较优的耐低温和伸长率下,仍然维持了较高的机械强度。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
一方面,本发明提出一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,包括:
S1、将聚醚二元醇、端羟基聚硅氧烷与多异氰酸酯单体按OH和NCO摩尔比0.55-0.9:1进行反应,获得聚氨酯预聚物;
端羟基聚硅氧烷通式为HO(CH2)mSiMe2O(SiOMe2)x(SiOMeR1)ySiMe2(CH2)mOH,其中,m=2-8,x=10-100,y=3-60,Me代表甲基,R1为-CH2CH2R2Ph,R2为不存在或C1-C10亚烷基,Ph代表苯基;
S2、将步骤S1的聚氨酯预聚物进行扩链,获得耐低温聚氨酯;
上述步骤S2中扩链所用的扩链剂为二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的组合。
本发明采用侧链含有苯基烷基(-CH2CH2R2Ph)的端羟基聚硅氧烷作为聚合物二元醇之一,聚硅氧烷具有较好的耐低温性能和柔顺性,可以明显提高聚氨酯的耐低温性能和断裂伸长率,侧链的苯基烷基既可以进一步提高聚硅氧烷的耐低温性能,也可以由于苯基的大体积结构以及与聚氨酯结构的相互作用,破坏聚氨酯硬段的结晶性,从而进一步提高聚氨酯的耐低温性能;另外,扩链剂中含有三官能度扩链剂,使得本发明的聚氨酯为支化结构,支化结构的聚氨酯相比直链结构的聚氨酯具有更好的耐低温性能。而且支化结构的聚氨酯也可以弥补由于聚氨酯硬段结晶性降低导致的聚氨酯机械强度的降低,同时维持本发明的聚氨酯较高的断裂伸长率,即,本发明的聚氨酯也具有较高的机械强度和较长的断裂伸长率。
本发明中的端羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法没有具体的限制,其中一个方法可以如下:采用1,3-二羟烷基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷作为封端剂,以八甲基环四硅氧烷D4和苯基环体D4 Ph(可以由四甲基环四硅氧烷D4 H和CH2=CHR2Ph按摩尔比1:4-10进行硅氢加成反应获得,多余的CH2=CHR2Ph可以通过减压蒸馏等方式去除)在酸性或碱性催化剂下进行开环反应获得。比如,将一定重量配比的二羟烷基四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷D4和苯基环体D4 Ph加入到反应容器中,升温至80℃,加入四甲基氢氧化铵硅醇盐(以四甲基氢氧化铵量计,加入量为100-500ppm),在90-110℃反应2-8小时,升温至135-140℃恒温半小时或以上分解催化剂,再在150-165℃、-0.099MPa以下脱除低沸物,即得端羟基聚硅氧烷。
本发明中,扩链剂的官能度是指扩链剂分子中与NCO基团在不超过100℃下可以反应的活泼氢的数量,OH中含有1个活泼氢,比如乙二醇为二官能度扩链剂,丙三醇和三乙醇胺为三官能度扩链剂,-NH-中含有1个活泼氢,比如N,N’-二甲基乙二胺为二官能度扩链剂,NH2中含有2个活泼氢,比如1,4-丁二胺为四官能度扩链剂。
优选的实施例中,步骤S1中聚醚二元醇和端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的重量比为1:0.2-5,举例的,重量比可以是1:0.2、1:0.5、1:0.7、1:1、1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5、1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、1:5等中的任一值。进一步优选的,聚醚二元醇和端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的重量比可以为1:0.3-3。采用聚醚二元醇和端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的组合,聚醚具有较好的耐低温性能,聚硅氧烷的耐低温性能更好,可以使得本发明的聚氨酯具有较好的耐低温性能。
优选的实施例中,步骤S1中聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为800-5000。举例的,聚醚二元醇的数均分子量可以是800、1000、1200、1500、1800、2000、2300、2500、2700、3000、3300、3500、3700、4000、4500、5000等中的任一值。
优选的实施例中,步骤S1中多异氰酸酯单体为二异氰酸酯单体。举例的,二异氰酸酯单体可以是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、四甲基间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯TMXDI、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯XDI、萘二异氰酸酯NDI、4,4’-二环己基甲烷HMDI等。
优选的实施例中,步骤S2中二官能度扩链剂的通式为HOR3OH或R4NHR5NHR4,其中R3和R5独自的选自C2-C10亚烷基、含叔胺基的C4-C10亚烷基、C6-C14亚芳香基,R4选自C1-C4烷基。举例的,二官能度扩链剂可以是乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇,或者N,N-二甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,4-二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、N,N-二乙基-1,4-二胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、4,4-二氨基二苯醚、3,4’-二氨基二苯醚等。
优选的实施例中,步骤S2中三官能度扩链剂的分子量不超过200,可以选自甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、季戊四醇单烷基酯等,或者其中两种及以上的组合。
优选的实施例中,步骤S2中二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.2。采用上述技术方案,可以避免由于三官能度扩链剂用量过大导致聚氨酯发生交联。举例的,二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的摩尔比可以为1:0.05、1:0.06、1:0.07、1:0.08、1:0.09、1:0.1、1:0.11、1:0.12、1:0.13、1:0.14、1:0.15、1:0.16、1:0.17、1:0.18、1:0.19、1:0.2等中的任一值。进一步的,二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的摩尔比可以为1:0.05-0.15。
优选的的实施例中,步骤S2中聚氨酯预聚物中NCO基团摩尔数与扩链剂中活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.05。采用上述技术方案,可以获得机械性能较为合适的聚氨酯。举例的,NCO基团和活泼氢的摩尔比可以是1:0.8、1:0.82、1:0.85、1:0.88、1:0.9、1:0.93、1:0.95、1:0.98、1:1、1:1.02、1:1.05等中的任一值。进一步的,NCO基团和活泼氢的摩尔比可以是1:0.9-1.05。
另一方面,本发明还提出一种油墨组合物,原料组分包含:100份上述任一项技术方案所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法制备获得的耐低温聚氨酯、50-300份有机溶剂、0-100份填料、0.5-2份附着力促进剂、0.3-2份分散剂、0.5-2份防沉剂、0.3-1份流平剂、0.5-1份消泡剂和0-5份颜料。
优选的的实施例中,填料选自有机填料和无机填料中的一种或几种组合。举例的,有机填料可以是聚四氟乙烯微粉PTFE、聚乙烯微粉PE等,无机填料可以是滑石粉、高岭土、硅灰石、二氧化硅、实心玻璃微珠、空心玻璃微珠、二氧化钛等。填料的平均粒径可以是0.5-50μm。
以下根据各实施例对本发明的技术方案更进一步进行描述和说明。
制备例1-3制备端羟基聚硅氧烷
制备例1
将1mol D4 H和6mol苯乙烯加入到反应容器中,升温至80℃,加入karstedt催化剂(按Pt计,加入量为12ppm),维持反应温度在120-125℃,反应2小时,减压至-0.07MPa脱除未反应的苯乙烯,获得D4 Ph。
将250g 1,3-二(3-羟丙基)1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、3060g D4和840g上述D4 Ph加入到反应容器中,升温至90℃,加入四甲基氢氧化铵硅氧烷醇(按四甲基氢氧化铵计,加入量为200ppm),升温至100-105℃反应4小时,继续升温至135℃,从反应器底部通入流量为100ml/min的氮气,恒温135-140℃分解催化剂半小时,停止通入氮气,减压至-0.099MPa以下,升温至150-155℃脱除低沸物,获得端羟基聚硅氧烷,结构为HO(CH2)3SiMe2O(SiOMe2)40.3(SiOMeR1)4.5SiMe2(CH2)3OH,R1为-CH2CH2Ph。
制备例2
将250g 1,3-二(3-羟丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、4500g D4和3300g实施例1中的D4 Ph加入到反应容器中,升温至90℃,加入四甲基氢氧化铵硅氧烷醇(按四甲基氢氧化铵计,加入量为200ppm),升温至100-105℃反应5小时,继续升温至135℃,从反应器底部通入流量为100ml/min的氮气,恒温135-140℃分解催化剂半小时,停止通入氮气,减压至-0.099MPa以下,升温至150-155℃脱除低沸物,获得端羟基聚硅氧烷,结构为HO(CH2)3SiMe2O(SiOMe2)58.7(SiOMeR1)19.3SiMe2(CH2)3OH,R1为-CH2CH2Ph。
制备例3
将1mol D4 H和7mol对-1-丁烯基甲苯加入到反应容器中,升温至80℃,加入karstedt催化剂(按Pt计,加入量为12ppm),维持反应温度在125-130℃,反应3小时,减压至-0.095MPa脱除未反应的对-1-丁烯基甲苯,获得D4 Ph。
将278g 1,3-二(3-羟丁基)1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、3900g D4和1650g上述D4 Ph加入到反应容器中,升温至90℃,加入四甲基氢氧化铵硅氧烷醇(按四甲基氢氧化铵计,加入量为200ppm),升温至100-105℃反应4小时,继续升温至135℃,从反应器底部通入流量为100ml/min的氮气,恒温135-140℃分解催化剂半小时,停止通入氮气,减压至-0.099MPa以下,升温至150-155℃脱除低沸物,获得端羟基聚硅氧烷,结构为HO(CH2)4SiMe2O(SiOMe2)50.7(SiOMeR1)7.2SiMe2(CH2)4OH,R1为-CH2CH2CH2CH2Ph。
实施例1-7制备耐低温聚氨酯
实施例1
聚丙二醇和端羟基聚硅氧烷预先进行干燥除水。
将0.5mol聚丙二醇(数均分子量1000)、0.25mol制备例1的端羟基聚硅氧烷和1molIPDI加入到反应容器中,室温下搅拌反应1小时,升温至80℃反应1小时,加入2g二月桂酸二丁基锡,继续恒温反应1小时,获得聚氨酯预聚物,继续加入0.2mol乙二醇和0.02mol丙三醇,继续反应3小时,获得聚氨酯。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,乙二醇由0.2mol调整为0.18mol,丙三醇由0.02mol调整为0.03mol。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,聚丙二醇由0.5mol调整为0.25mol,端羟基聚硅氧烷由0.25mol调整为0.5mol。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,聚丙二醇由0.5mol调整为0.35mol,端羟基聚硅氧烷由0.25mol调整为0.4mol。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,制备例1的端羟基聚硅氧烷替换为等摩尔的制备例2的端羟基聚硅氧烷。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,制备例1的端羟基聚硅氧烷替换为等摩尔的制备例3的端羟基聚硅氧烷。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例7
聚四氢呋喃二醇和端羟基聚硅氧烷预先进行干燥除水。
将0.5mol聚四氢呋喃二醇(数均分子量1500)、0.3mol制备例2的端羟基聚硅氧烷和1mol HMDI加入到反应容器中,室温下搅拌反应1小时,升温至80℃反应1小时,加入2g二月桂酸二丁基锡,继续恒温反应1小时,获得聚氨酯预聚物,继续加入0.15mol 1,4-丁二醇和0.03mol三乙醇胺,继续反应3小时,获得聚氨酯。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,制备例1的端羟基聚硅氧烷替换为等摩尔的端羟基聚硅氧烷HO(CH2)3Me2SiO(SiMe2O)42.1SiMe2(CH2)3OH。其余步骤保持不变。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,制备例1的端羟基聚硅氧烷替换为等摩尔的端羟基聚硅氧烷HO(CH2)3Me2SiO(SiMe2O)40.6(SiMePhO)4.7SiMe2(CH2)3OH。其余步骤保持不变。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的区别为:实施例1中,0.02mol丙三醇替换为0.03mol乙二醇。其余步骤保持不变。
耐低温性能测试按照TB/T3395-2015的方法分别测试-50℃的静刚度β1和23℃下的静刚度β0,低温刚度变化率=(β1-β0)/β0×100%。低温刚度变化率越低,低温性越好。结果如下表1所示。
表1
由表1的数据可知,本发明的耐低温壳聚糖具有较好的低温性能。
实施例8-10制备聚氨酯油墨组合物
实施例8
油墨组合物由1000g实施例1的耐低温聚氨酯、3000g乙酸丁酯、300g平均粒径2μm高岭土、10g KH-560偶联剂、10g司盘80、12份气相法白炭黑、5g聚醚改性硅油流平剂、8g二甲基硅油消泡剂组成。
将耐低温聚氨酯加入到乙酸丁酯中,300rpm搅拌转速下搅拌至溶解,加入高岭土,1500rpm搅拌转速下搅拌15min,在500rpm搅拌转速下依次加入司盘80、聚醚改性硅油流平剂和二甲基硅油消泡剂,搅拌15min,加入气相法白炭黑,在900rpm搅拌转速下搅拌15min,加入KH-560,搅拌5min,获得聚氨酯油墨组合物。
实施例9
实施例9与实施例8的区别为:实施例8中,实施例1中的耐低温聚氨酯替换为等重量的实施例5中的耐低温聚氨酯。其余步骤保持不变。
实施例10
实施例10与实施例8的区别为:实施例8中,实施例1中的耐低温聚氨酯替换为等重量的实施例6中的耐低温聚氨酯。其余步骤保持不变。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例8的区别为:实施例8中,实施例1中的耐低温聚氨酯替换为等重量的对比例1中的耐低温聚氨酯。其余步骤保持不变。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例8的区别为:实施例8中,实施例1中的耐低温聚氨酯替换为等重量的对比例2中的耐低温聚氨酯。其余步骤保持不变。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例8的区别为:实施例8中,实施例1中的耐低温聚氨酯替换为等重量的对比例3中的耐低温聚氨酯。其余步骤保持不变。
将实施例8-10和对比例4-6的聚氨酯油墨组合物喷涂在洁净的202不锈钢基板上,在100℃加热30min干燥成膜,膜厚25±1μm。
膜层的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率按照GB/T528-2009的方法进行测试。结果如下表2所示。
表2
因此,本发明的耐低温聚氨酯具有较好的机械强度和断裂伸长率,综合性能较好。
如上所述,显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本领域技术人员应该了解本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1、将聚醚二元醇、端羟基聚硅氧烷与多异氰酸酯单体按OH和NCO摩尔比0.55-0.9:1进行反应,获得聚氨酯预聚物;
所述端羟基聚硅氧烷通式为HO(CH2)mSiMe2O(SiOMe2)x(SiOMeR1)ySiMe2(CH2)mOH,其中,m=2-8,x=10-100,y=3-60,Me代表甲基,R1为-CH2CH2R2Ph,R2为不存在或C1-C10亚烷基,Ph代表苯基;
S2、将步骤S1所述的聚氨酯预聚物进行扩链,获得所述聚氨酯;
所述扩链所用的扩链剂为二官能度扩链剂和三官能度扩链剂的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述聚醚二元醇和所述端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的重量比为1:0.2-5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为800-5000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述多异氰酸酯单体为二异氰酸酯单体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述二官能度扩链剂的通式为HOR3OH或R4NHR5NHR4,其中R3和R5独自的选自C2-C10亚烷基、含叔胺基的C4-C10亚烷基、C6-C14亚芳香基,R4选自C1-C4烷基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述三官能度扩链剂的分子量不超过200。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述二官能度扩链剂和所述三官能度扩链剂的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述聚氨酯预聚物中NCO基团摩尔数与所述扩链剂中活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.05。
9.一种油墨组合物,其特征在于,原料组分包含:100份权利要求1-8任一项所述的耐低温聚氨酯的制备方法制备获得的耐低温聚氨酯、50-300份有机溶剂、0-100份填料、0.5-2份附着力促进剂、0.3-2份分散剂、0.5-2份防沉剂、0.3-1份流平剂、0.5-1份消泡剂和0-5份颜料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述填料选自有机填料和无机填料中的一种或几种组合。
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