CN117859453B - Rhus chinensis seed treatment and seedling culture method thereof - Google Patents
Rhus chinensis seed treatment and seedling culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and discloses a method for treating and culturing Rhus chinensis seeds, wherein the method for treating the Rhus chinensis seeds comprises the steps of removing wax from the Rhus chinensis seeds, grinding, carrying out saprophyte infection and sterilizing to obtain treated seeds; the seedling culturing method is to soak the treated seeds in warm water, sow and culture to obtain the Rhus chinensis seedlings. The method is simple and low in cost, and the germination rate and the seedling rate of the Chinese sumac seeds are remarkably improved. The invention is suitable for germination and seedling formation of the Rhus chinensis seeds, and can be applied to industrialized production of Rhus chinensis seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and relates to a seed treatment method, in particular to a method for treating Rhus chinensis seeds and culturing seedlings of Rhus chinensis seeds.
Background
The Rhus chinensis (Rhuschinensis) is small deciduous tree or shrub of Rhus genus of Rhus of Rhaceae family, and has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, relieving rigidity of muscles and activating collaterals, removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding, and relieving diarrhea with astringents. Because the double aphids are parasitic on galls formed on young branches and leaves of the Chinese sumac, the Chinese sumac is also called as Chinese gall, and the Chinese sumac can be used for extracting double acid, pyrodouble acid, gallic acid and the like and has wide application in industries of steel preservatives, wood preservatives, tanning, medicines, plastics, inks and the like, so the Chinese sumac belongs to multipurpose economic tree species and has good economic value and medicinal value. However, in natural environment, the problems of low seed germination rate and low seedling rate exist in the Chinese sumac, and the mass propagation of the Chinese sumac is limited.
The main reason for low germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds is that the Rhus chinensis seeds are in a dormant state due to the fact that the seed coats are hard, the lignification density is high, and the surface of the Rhus chinensis seeds are coated with wax, so that moisture cannot penetrate. At present, the methods for removing the seed coats of the Chinese sumac mainly comprise a sulfuric acid etching method and a hot water seed soaking method, for example, the germination rate of the Chinese sumac seeds can be improved to 76.92% by the sulfuric acid etching method in a Huang Gude propagation test (Chinese sumac seed propagation test, guangxi plant, volume 14, 1 st stage), but the sulfuric acid etching method is gradually eliminated due to the problems of waste liquid pollution and the like along with the popularization of the environmental protection concept. In addition, in Su Xiaomin researches (influence of different hot water treatment modes on germination of 14 hard seeds, volume 38 and stage 1), the dormancy mechanism of the Rhus chinensis seeds can be broken to a certain extent by a hot water seed soaking method, but the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds after hot water seed soaking at 70 ℃ is still not more than 48%, so that a large lifting space is provided, and the temperature is further raised to damage embryo seeds due to overhigh temperature, so that the germination rate is reduced. On the other hand, the reason of low rate of seedling formation of the Chinese sumac is mainly that the Chinese sumac seeds have small weight and little nutrition carried by the Chinese sumac seeds, and the Chinese sumac seeds are easily attacked by fungi, bacteria, aphids, armyworms, longicorn beetles, leaf eating elephants, spodoptera litura, cabbage caterpillars and other insects after germination, so that most of seedling plants die in the middle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for treating the seeds of the Chinese sumac, which solves the problems that the surface of the lignified seed coats of the Chinese sumac seeds is waxy, the lignified seed coats are high in lignified density, water cannot infiltrate into the seed embryos to cause the large-scale germination of the Chinese sumac seeds one by utilizing the multi-disciplinary cross combination of a chemical method, a physical method, a biological method and a breeding method and utilizing wax removal water soaking, physical grinding and fungus infection, so as to achieve the aim of improving the germination rate of the seeds;
The invention also provides a seedling culture method of the treated seeds, and the method can provide a targeted management and protection measure after the seeds germinate so as to achieve the aim of improving the seedling rate of the Chinese sumac.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for treating a Rhus chinensis seed, comprising the steps of:
Sequentially carrying out wax removal, grinding, saprophyte infection and disinfection on the Rhus chinensis seeds to obtain the treated seeds.
As a limitation of the invention, the dewaxing is to put the Rhus chinensis seeds in industrial dewaxing water for dewaxing.
As a further definition of the invention, the grinding is to physically grind the Rhus chinensis seeds until the skin is scratched.
As still further definition of the invention, the saprophytic bacteria are wood saprophytic bacteria;
wood rot fungi are fungi which use cellulose and lignin of wood as nutrition sources;
The saprophyte is infected by the method that the seeds of the Rhus chinensis which are obtained by wax removal and grinding are mixed with the fungus residues of the saprophyte to perform co-culture;
The fungus residues comprise fungus residues which are fermented or fruiting or fungus residues after fruiting;
The infection temperature is 20-28 ℃, the humidity is 40-80% RH, and the time is 24-72 h.
The seedling culture method of the treated seeds obtained in any one of the above technical schemes comprises the following steps:
Soaking the treated seeds in warm water, sowing the seeds in a seedling culture matrix, and culturing the seedlings after germination to obtain the Rhus chinensis seedlings.
As a limitation of the invention, the temperature of the warm water is 20-28 ℃; the soaking time is 12-24 hours.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the seedling substrate is a sterilized seedling substrate;
The seedling substrate comprises perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk and peat in a weight ratio of 1-2:3.5-5:1.5-3:1-3.5.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the time of the cultivation is not less than 30 days, and the periodic sterilization and the disinfestation are performed during the cultivation.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method for treating the Rhus chinensis seeds, grinding, saprophyte infection and sterilization are carried out on the basis of removing wax from the Rhus chinensis seeds to obtain treated seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds is high; the fiber structure of the wood layer can be destroyed on the basis of not destroying the internal structure of the seeds by grinding, so that the saprophytic bacteria can be conveniently infected; the saprophyte is infected, so that the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds can be remarkably improved, saprophyte, especially wood saprophyte, can infect the lignified seed coats of the Rhus chinensis seeds, damage the fiber structure in the lignified seed coats, so that moisture can easily and fully enter the seeds, and meanwhile, the damaged lignified seed coats are taken as nutrient substances to be absorbed by the seeds in the germination process, so that the germination and seedling formation of the seeds are promoted; sterilization can eliminate saprophytic bacteria and other bacteria on the seeds, and prevent the seeds from being infected and losing germination capacity.
(2) The time for the saprophyte infection is 24-72 h; when the infection time exceeds 72 hours, the saprophytic bacteria invade the interior of the Rhus chinensis seeds, so that the seeds lose germination capacity; when the infection time is less than 24 hours, saprophytic bacteria cannot fully infect the lignified seed coats of the seeds, so that moisture cannot fully enter the seeds, and the germination rate is reduced.
(3) The saprophytic bacteria used in the invention can be waste bacteria residues, are easy to obtain, have low cost and achieve the aim of waste utilization; the method is simple, easy to operate and low in input cost, and can realize industrial seedling raising.
(4) The invention can prevent the attack of fungi, bacteria and insects effectively by carrying out periodic sterilization and disinfestation after the germination of seeds, thereby improving the seedling rate.
The invention has high application value in the production of raising seedlings of the Rhus chinensis seeds, can obviously improve the germination rate and the seedling rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds, has simple method and low cost, and has good popularization and application prospects.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not limiting.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the examples are generally conducted under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1A method for seed treatment and cultivation of Rhus chinensis
The example is a method for treating and culturing the seeds of the Chinese sumac and raising the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
0) Pouring the Rhus chinensis seeds into water to remove floating seeds, filtering, and air drying.
1) Soaking the Rhus chinensis seeds in industrial wax-removing water with volume fraction of 20% for 3 hr until the seed skin is free of wax, and taking out to obtain wax-removed seeds.
2) The seeds with the wax removed are grinded by a manual stone mill of 1kg until the wood cortex of the seeds is visible to naked eyes to have grinding marks, and the grinding is stopped, so that the grinded seeds are obtained.
3) Breaking the oyster mushroom fungus bags after spawn running, mixing with the ground seeds, co-culturing for 24 hours at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the humidity of 65%RH, adding water for rinsing, removing the fungus bags floating on the water surface and other impurities, separating out the seeds, and airing to obtain the infected seeds.
4) And (3) placing the infected seeds into 84 disinfectant with the volume fraction of 5%, and soaking for 5 minutes to obtain the treated seeds.
5) Mixing perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk and peat in a weight ratio of 2:3.5:3:1.5, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a seedling substrate; soaking the treated seeds in warm water at 28 ℃ for 12 hours, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising matrix, spraying 1 time of chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 0.11% every 2 days after germination, and spraying 1 time of azadirachtin solution with the mass fraction of 0.013 per mill every 5 days to obtain the Chinese sumac seedlings after 30 days.
According to detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the embodiment is 91%, and the seedling rate is 86%.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a method of raising seedlings of Rhus chinensis seeds without saprophytic bacteria infection of the seeds. The process was identical to example 1, except that step 3) was not performed.
The detection shows that the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the comparative example is 14%, and the seedling rate is 69%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is a method of raising seedlings of Rhus chinensis seed without periodic sterilization of germinated seeds. The method was similar to that of example 1 except that "after germination, the chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 0.11% was sprayed 1 time every 2 days" after germination was changed to "after spraying the chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 0.11% 1 time".
The detection shows that the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the comparative example is 91%, and the seedling rate is 11%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is a method of raising seedlings of Rhus chinensis seed in which the germinated seeds are not periodically insecticidal. The method is the same as in example 1 except that the method is changed from spraying 1 time of 0.013% azadirachtin solution every 5 days after germination to spraying 1 time of 0.013% azadirachtin solution after germination.
The detection shows that the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the comparative example is 91%, and the seedling rate is 13%.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is a method of raising seedlings of Rhus chinensis seeds by dip-dyeing the seeds. The procedure was the same as in example 1 except that the dip dyeing time was 72.5 hours.
Through detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the comparative example is 0%, and the seedling rate is 0%.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is a method of raising seedlings of Rhus chinensis seeds by dip-dyeing the seeds. The procedure was the same as in example 1 except that the dip dyeing time was 23.5 hours.
Through detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the comparative example is 48%, and the seedling rate is 76%.
Analysis of results
The results of example 1 and comparative example 1 show that the germination rate of the seed which is not infected is low, probably because the moisture can penetrate into the interior of the seed after the saprophyte infects the lignified seed coats of the sumac, and the germination rate of the seed which absorbs sufficient moisture is improved.
The results of example 1 and comparative examples 2-3 show that the sprouting seeds are only periodically sterilized or periodically insecticidal, and the rate of seedlings of the sumac is low, which is probably due to the fact that the sprouting seeds are easily attacked by fungi, bacteria and insects during growth, and if sterilization and insecticidal cannot be timely performed, the sumac is easily failed during seedling formation.
The results of example 1 and comparative example 4 show that when the infection time exceeds 72 hours, the seeds are not germinated, and the reason is probably that the infection time is too long, saprophytic bacteria can invade the interior of the seeds, so that the seeds lose germination capacity; the results of example 1 and comparative example 5 show that when the infection time is less than 24 hours, the germination rate of the seeds is low, probably because the infection time is too short, and the saprophytes do not completely infect the seed cortex layer, so that the interior of the seeds cannot absorb enough moisture, thereby influencing the germination rate.
Example 2A method for seed treatment and cultivation of Rhus chinensis
The example is a method for treating and culturing the seeds of the Chinese sumac and raising the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
0) Pouring the Rhus chinensis seeds into water to remove floating seeds, filtering, and air drying.
1) Soaking the Rhus chinensis seeds in 80% industrial wax removing water for 0.5 hr until the seed coat is free of wax, and taking out to obtain the wax-removed seeds.
2) And (3) putting the seeds from which the wax is removed into sand and stone particles with the thickness of 5-10mm, stirring by using a concrete stirrer, visually observing grinding marks on wooden cortex of the seeds, stopping stirring, and separating the seeds from the sand and stone particles by using a screen to obtain the ground seeds.
3) Breaking the agaric bag which has fruiting for 3 times, mixing with the ground seeds, co-culturing for 36h at 24 ℃ and humidity of 80% RH, and separating the seeds from the strain by using a screen to obtain the infected seeds.
4) And (3) putting the infected seeds into a sodium peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3%, and soaking for 10min to obtain the treated seeds.
5) Mixing perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk and peat in a weight ratio of 1:4:1.5:3.5, applying 80g of carbendazim powder with a mass fraction of 50% per cubic meter, uniformly stirring, covering with a plastic film for 3 days, and volatilizing the medicinal materials after film uncovering to obtain a seedling substrate; soaking the treated seeds in warm water at 24 ℃ for 18 hours, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising matrix, spraying 1 time of carbendazim solution with the mass fraction of 0.1% every 3 days after germination, and spraying 1 time of cyantraniliprole solution with the mass fraction of 0.13 per mill every 5 days to obtain the Chinese sumac seedlings after 30 days.
According to detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the embodiment is 92%, and the seedling rate is 85.5%.
Example 3A method for seed treatment and cultivation of Rhus chinensis
The example is a method for treating and culturing the seeds of the Chinese sumac and raising the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
0) Pouring the Rhus chinensis seeds into water to remove floating seeds, filtering, and air drying.
1) Soaking the Rhus chinensis seeds in industrial wax removing water with volume fraction of 50% for 1 hr until the seed skin is free of wax, and taking out to obtain wax-removed seeds.
2) And (3) putting the seeds with the wax removed into a miniature roller stirrer with sand paper stuck on an inner container, stirring at the rotating speed of 60rpm/min, enabling the wooden cortex of the seeds to have grinding marks by naked eyes, stopping stirring, and taking out to obtain the ground seeds.
3) Breaking the mushroom waste fungus bag after fruiting, mixing with the ground seeds, co-culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 24 ℃ and the humidity of 70% RH, and separating the seeds from the strain by using a screen to obtain the infected seeds.
4) And (3) putting the infected seeds into an octocrylene disinfecting solution with the volume fraction of 0.035%o, and soaking for 15min to obtain the treated seeds.
5) Mixing perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk and peat in a weight ratio of 1.5:5:2.5:1, adding 30kg of 0.8% formaldehyde solution into each cubic meter, stirring, covering with a plastic film for 48 hours, and volatilizing formaldehyde after film uncovering to obtain a seedling substrate; soaking the treated seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 24 hours, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising matrix, spraying a chlorothalonil solution with the mass fraction of 0.09% 1 time every 2 days after germination, spraying an imidacloprid solution with the mass fraction of 0.025%o 1 time every 10 days, and obtaining the Chinese sumac seedlings after 30 days.
According to detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the embodiment is 93%, and the seedling rate is 87%.
Examples 4 to 5
Examples 4-5 are a method for treating Rhus chinensis seed and culturing the same. These examples are essentially identical to example 2, except that the following parameters differ:
the temperature of the infestation in example 4 was 28 ℃, the humidity 40% rh, and the time 35h.
The temperature of the infestation in example 5 was 20℃and the humidity 60% RH for 50h.
Through detection, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in the example 4 is 93%, and the seedling rate is 86%; the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds in example 5 is 92%, and the seedling rate is 86.5%.
Analysis of results
The results of the examples 1 to 5 show that after the Rhus chinensis seeds are subjected to waxiness removal, grinding, saprophyte infection and sterilization, the germination rate of the Rhus chinensis seeds is improved to more than 91%, the treatment method is simple, industrialization is easy to realize, materials such as fungus bags and reagents such as industrial wax removal water used in the treatment process are easy to obtain, and the cost is low; the treated seeds can be directly sown in a seedling raising matrix for germination after being soaked in warm water, the process is simple and short, and the seeds are regularly sterilized and insecticidal after germination, so that the healthy growth of the germinated seeds is ensured, and the seedling rate is improved to more than 85.5%; the method for treating the seeds of the Chinese sumac and the method for culturing the seedlings are combined, so that the cost investment is low, the operation is simple, and the factory seedling culture can be realized.
It should be noted that the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating a Rhus chinensis seed, comprising the steps of:
Sequentially carrying out waxy removal, grinding, saprophyte infection and disinfection on the Rhus chinensis seeds to obtain treated seeds;
The saprophyte is wood saprophyte;
The saprophyte is infected by the method that the seeds of the Rhus chinensis which are obtained by wax removal and grinding are mixed with the fungus residues of the saprophyte to perform co-culture;
The infection temperature is 20-28 ℃, the humidity is 40-80% RH, and the time is 24-72 h.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the de-waxing is by placing the Rhus chinensis seed in industrial de-waxing water.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the grinding is performed by physically grinding the Rhus chinensis seed until the skin is scratched.
4. The seedling culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: soaking the treated seeds obtained by the method for treating the seeds of the Chinese sumac according to any one of claims 1-3 in warm water, sowing the soaked seeds in a seedling raising matrix, and culturing the seedlings after germination to obtain Chinese sumac seedlings.
5. The seedling culture method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the warm water is 20-28 ℃; the soaking time is 12-24 hours.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the seedling substrate is a sterilized seedling substrate;
The seedling substrate comprises perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk and peat in a weight ratio of 1-2:3.5-5:1.5-3:1-3.5.
7. A seedling culture method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the time of the culture is not less than 30 days, and periodic sterilization and disinfestation are performed during the culture.
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