CN117836178A - 用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩 Download PDF

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CN117836178A
CN117836178A CN202280051862.XA CN202280051862A CN117836178A CN 117836178 A CN117836178 A CN 117836178A CN 202280051862 A CN202280051862 A CN 202280051862A CN 117836178 A CN117836178 A CN 117836178A
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fibers
shell
protective cover
foam
fibres
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A·勒巩蒂
O·维特朗
M·波蒂埃
S·理贝斯
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Taifo Product Service And Innovation Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B60R13/0815Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C67/246Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2267/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
    • B29K2267/003PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253Polyolefin fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/16Structural features of fibres, filaments or yarns e.g. wrapped, coiled, crimped or covered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02Organic
    • B32B2266/0214Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278Polyurethane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/54Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热的防护罩(1),所述防护罩包括:多孔的壳体(2),所述多孔的壳体基于由结合剂结合在一起的纤维;和弹性层(3),所述弹性层基于可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫,所述壳体的孔隙率是这样的——使得泡沫能够在壳体的下侧上创建密封表皮(5),其中纤维由两种类型组成:增强粗纤维,其占壳体重量的25%至40%;和细纤维,其占壳体重量的15%至35%,结合剂由可熔结合纤维形成,所述结合剂占壳体重量的35%至50%,使得基本上没有泡沫渗透壳体的厚度。

Description

用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩、这种防护罩的安装组件以及用于制造这种防护罩的方法。
背景技术
特别地从文献FR-3 053 943已知制造用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩,所述防护罩包括:
·基于粗纤维的多孔的壳体,特别地通过结合剂结合在一起的玻璃纤维,所述结合剂特别地基于经历熔融的聚丙烯,
·基于可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的弹性层,
所述防护罩还具有以下特征:
·所述弹性层通过反应注射成型(RIM)获得,所述层包覆所述壳体的背面而成型,
·所述壳体具有一定的孔隙率,所述孔隙率旨在通过泡沫渗透到所述壳体厚度的一小部分中而使所述泡沫能够在所述背面的侧上创建密封表皮,使得根据“质量-弹簧”原理使所述防护罩隔音,所述“质量-弹簧”原理实施由设有所述密封表皮的所述壳体和所述弹性层形成的质量层,所述防护罩还具有由所述壳体的厚度的未被所述泡沫渗透并且保持多孔的部分所赋予的吸声性能。
上述粗纤维具有大截面,例如在玻璃纤维的情况下,所述截面在25微米的范围内。
通过使用这种纤维,观察到泡沫在壳体内的显着渗透,特别是在壳体的最大拉伸区域中的显著渗透,所述渗透能够在所述壳体的整个厚度内的最大拉伸区域中进行。
这导致壳体厚度中未被所述泡沫渗透的部分减少,并且因此导致壳体厚度中保持多孔的部分减少,这不利于其吸声性能。
因此,观察到泡沫被过度消耗,从而导致防护罩的成本增加并且致使防护罩的重量增加。
发明内容
总之,本发明的目的是尽可能最小化泡沫在壳体内的渗透,以为了最大化防护罩的吸声性能,而且还最小化防护罩的重量和其成本。
为此并且根据第一方面,本发明提供了一种用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩,所述防护罩包括:
·基于通过结合剂结合在一起的纤维的多孔的壳体,
·基于可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的弹性层,
所述防护罩还具有以下特征:
·所述弹性层通过反应注射成型(RIM)获得,所述弹性层包覆所述壳体的背面而成型,
·所述壳体具有一定的孔隙率,所述孔隙率旨在使所述泡沫能够在所述背面的侧上形成密封表皮,
考虑到:
·所述纤维由两种类型的纤维组成:
○增强粗纤维,所述增强粗纤维占所述壳体重量的25%至40%,
○细纤维,所述细纤维占所述壳体重量的15%至35%,
·结合剂由可熔结合纤维形成,所述结合剂占所述壳体重量的35%至50%,
使得所述壳体在其整个厚度上基本上没有泡沫渗透。
通过所建议的布置,壳体成分中细纤维的存在允许阻止泡沫在所述壳体内的渗透,这允许最大化防护罩的吸声性能,而且还最小化防护罩的重量和其成本。
此外,如稍后将看到的那样,壳体中存在这种细纤维可以提高其吸声性能。
根据其他方面,本发明提供了这种防护罩的安装组件以及用于制造这种防护罩的方法。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点将从下面参考附图所进行的描述中变得显而易见,在附图中:
图1是根据一个实施例的将防护罩安装在待防护的部件上的示意性剖视图,
图2是这样的图解说明,其示出了从根据本发明的防护罩得到的样品(曲线1)的根据以赫兹为单位的1/3倍频程频率的扩散场吸声性能(纵坐标中的α系数),所述样本的成分稍后说明;以及从根据现有技术的参考防护罩(曲线2)得到的另一样品的根据以赫兹为单位的1/3倍频程频率的扩散场吸声性能,所述另一样本的成分也在稍后说明。
具体实施方式
参考附图,描述了一种用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩1,所述防护罩包括:
·多孔的壳体2,特别地是三维壳体,所述多孔的壳体基于通过结合剂结合在一起的纤维,
·基于可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的弹性层3,
所述防护罩还具有以下特征:
·所述弹性层通过反应注射成型(RIM)获得,所述层包覆所述壳体的背面而成型,
·所述壳体具有一定孔隙率,所述孔隙率布置成使得所述泡沫能够在所述背面的侧上创建密封表皮5,
所述防护罩的特征在于:
·所述纤维由两种类型的纤维组成:
○增强粗纤维,所述增强粗纤维占所述壳体重量的25%至40%,
○细纤维,即,特别地平均直径小于粗纤维的平均直径,所述细纤维占所述壳体重量的15%至35%,
·结合剂由可熔结合纤维形成,所述结合剂占所述壳体重量的35%至50%,
使得所述壳体在其整个厚度上基本上没有泡沫渗透。
根据一个实施例,壳体2的厚度中被泡沫渗透的部分4小于0.5mm,并且特别地小于0.2mm。
根据各种实施例,增强纤维是:
·纤度在6dtex和7dtex之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维,所述纤度特别地是6.7dtex,这对应于25微米的直径,
·和/或直径在20微米至30微米之间的玻璃纤维,所述直径特别地是24微米,
·和/或选择为一种单一类型或选择为不同类型的混合物的天然纤维,例如亚麻、大麻或洋麻,这种纤维具有可变截面,特别地是30+/-20微米。
根据一个实施例,细纤维基于纤度在1.5dtex和3.3dtex之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),并且特别地纤度基本等于1.7dtex,这对应于12微米的直径。
根据各种实施例,结合纤维是:
·聚丙烯纤维,特别地其纤度介于6dtex和7dtex之间,所述纤度特别地是6.7dtex,这对应于31微米的直径,
·和/或双组分纤维,所述双组分纤维包含具有高熔点的芯和具有较低熔点的护套,所述护套确保在护套熔融后纤维之间的结合。
具体地,双组分纤维包括由熔点在250℃范围内的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的芯以及由经受化学改性以便具有较低的熔点(例如在180℃的范围内的熔点)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的护套。
壳体2通常可以具有介于2mm和3mm之间的厚度。
在未示出的一个实施例中,壳体2可以在其面中的至少一个面上设置有无纺保护层。
这种保护层的存在允许保护制造操作者免遭被包含在壳体2中的结构纤维(特别是在所述结构纤维由玻璃制成时)切割的风险。
特别地,这种保护层具有15g/m2和120g/m2之间的表面密度,并且特别地具有50N.s.m-3和180N.s.m-3之间的空气通过阻力。
利用这些特征,朝向弹性层3的保护层不会妨碍在壳体2的背面处形成密封表皮5。
根据未示出的一个实施例,壳体2的正面9,即,与背面相对的正面覆盖有涂层,例如基于织物的涂层。
下面给出允许实施本发明的壳体2组合物的示例。
根据第一示例,壳体2的构成纤维按照以下重量百分比分布:
·介于15%和25%之间的基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)且纤度介于1.5dtex和3.3dtex之间的细纤维,
·介于30%和40%之间的玻璃纤维,特别地直径在20微米和30微米之间,以赋予机械强度,
·介于40%和50%之间的结合纤维,其由聚丙烯制成,从而确保所述壳体的纤维在纤维熔融后相互之间的结合。
根据第二示例,壳体2的构成纤维按照以下重量百分比分布:
·介于25%和35%之间的基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)且纤度介于1.5dtex和3.3dtex之间的细纤维,
·介于25%和35%之间的基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)且纤度介于6dtex和7dtex之间的机械强度纤维,
·介于35%和45%之间的结合纤维,特别是聚丙烯或双组分层,从而确保所述壳体的纤维在纤维至少部分熔化后相互之间的结合。
根据第三示例,壳体2的构成纤维按照以下重量百分比分布:
·介于15%和25%之间的基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)且纤度介于1.5dtex和3.3dtex之间的细纤维,
·介于30%和40%之间的天然纤维,以赋予机械强度,
·介于40%和50%之间的由聚丙烯制成的结合纤维,从而确保所述壳体的纤维在纤维熔融后相互之间的结合。
将源自根据本发明制造的壳体2的不同样品与对应于不含细纤维的壳体组合物2的参考样品进行比较所获得的结果,所述壳体由占55%的直径为24微米的玻璃纤维和占45%的纤度为6.7dtex的由聚丙烯制成的结合纤维组成。
所有测试样品的厚度均为4mm,表面密度为1,000g/m2
在参考样品上,特别是在拉伸最严重的区域处观察到泡沫显著渗透到壳体2中,而源自根据本发明制造的壳体2的样品则在视觉上没有泡沫渗透。
现在讨论图2所示的声学性能结果。
测试的样品是:
·源自根据本发明的壳体2的样品(曲线1),其成分为:占35%的直径为24微米的粗玻璃纤维,占20%的纤度为1.7dtex的由PET制成的细纤维以及占45%的纤度为6.7dtex的由聚丙烯制成的结合纤维,
·另一种样品来源于根据现有技术的参考壳体2(曲线2),其成分为:占55%的直径为24微米的粗玻璃纤维和占45%的纤度为6.7dtex的由聚丙烯制成的结合纤维。
两种测试样品的厚度皆为4mm,表面密度为1,000g/m2
与源自根据现有技术的壳体2的样品(曲线2)相比,源自根据本发明的壳体2的样品(曲线1)被观察到吸声性能显着改善,这对于频率高于约3,000Hz的情况尤其如此。
这种改善的原因是极低的细纤维纤度(1.7dtex),这对吸声有积极的贡献。
现在描述这种防护罩1的安装组件,所述安装组件包括所述防护罩和待保护的部件6,所述部件由壁7界定,弹性层3的可见面8成形为以便基本上符合所述壁的形状,以允许优化隔音和隔热。
最后,描述一种制造这种防护罩1的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
·混合:
○增强粗纤维的量为混合物重量的25%至40%,
○细纤维的量为混合物重量的15%至35%,
○可熔结合纤维的量为混合物重量的35%至50%,
·用所述混合物制造纤维幅材(fibrous web),
·由所述纤维幅材的坯料制造多孔的壳体2,所述坯料已在冷却的模具中被加热和压缩,
·将所述壳体布置成抵靠反应注射成型(RIM)的壁,所述壳体的正面9指向所述壁,
·在由所述模具限定的模制腔内,将可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的前体混合物注射在所述壳体上,
·在所述泡沫膨胀后,对得到的防护罩1进行脱模。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热的防护罩(1),所述防护罩包括:
·基于通过结合剂结合在一起的纤维的多孔的壳体(2),
·基于可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的弹性层(3),
所述防护罩还具有以下特征:
·所述弹性层通过反应注射成型(RIM)获得,所述弹性层包覆所述壳体的背面而成型,
·所述壳体具有一定孔隙率,所述孔隙率旨在使所述泡沫能够在所述背面的侧上创建密封表皮(5),
所述防护罩的特征在于:
·所述纤维由两种类型的纤维组成:
○增强粗纤维,所述增强粗纤维为所述壳体重量的25%至40%,○细纤维,所述细纤维为所述壳体重量的15%至35%,
·所述结合剂由可熔结合纤维形成,所述结合剂为所述壳体重量的35%至50%,
使得所述壳体在其整个厚度上基本上没有泡沫渗透。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护罩,其特征在于,所述壳体(2)的被所述泡沫穿透的厚度部分(4)小于0.5mm。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防护罩,其特征在于,增强粗纤维是:
·纤度介于6dtex和7dtex之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维,
·和/或直径介于20微米和30微米之间的玻璃纤维,
·和/或选择为单一类型或选择为不同类型的混合物的天然纤维。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防护罩,其特征在于,所述细纤维基于纤度介于1.5dtex和3.3dtex之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防护罩,其特征在于,所述结合纤维是:
·聚丙烯纤维,
·和/或双组分纤维,所述双组份纤维包含具有高熔点的芯和具有较低熔点的护套,所述护套确保在护套熔融后纤维之间的结合。
6.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防护罩的安装组件,所述安装组件包括所述防护罩和待保护的部件(6),所述部件由壁(7)界定,所述弹性层(3)的可见面(8)成形为基本上符合所述壁的形状,以便允许优化隔音和隔热。
7.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的防护罩的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法包括以下步骤:
·混合:
○增强粗纤维,所述增强粗纤维为混合物重量的25%至40%,
○细纤维,所述细纤维为混合物重量的15%至35%,
○可熔结合纤维,所述可熔结合纤维为混合物重量的35%至50%,
·用所述混合物制造纤维幅材,
·由所述纤维幅材的坯料制造多孔的壳体(2),所述坯料已在冷却的模具中被加热和压缩,
·将所述壳体布置抵靠反应注射成型(RIM)的壁,所述壳体的正面(9)面向所述壁,
·在由所述模具限定的模制腔内,将可弹性压缩的聚氨酯的泡沫的前体混合物注射在所述壳体上,
·在所述泡沫膨胀后,对得到的防护罩(1)进行脱模。
CN202280051862.XA 2021-06-29 2022-06-28 用于机动车辆的隔音和隔热防护罩 Pending CN117836178A (zh)

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