CN117821005A - 一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法,所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶包括组分A和组分B,组分A包括如下重量份的原料:多元醇60‑100份、扩链剂5‑15份、塑化剂5‑15份、催化剂0.01‑0.05份、消泡剂0.01‑0.05份、中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末15‑30份;组分B包括如下重量份的原料:异氰酸酯60‑100份、聚合物多元醇10‑25份。本发明提出的一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法,在避免对聚氨酯存在催化效应以及克服导热填料溶出的前提下,赋予所述聚氨酯灌封胶更加优异的导热性能和粘接强度,从而解决了电子器件灌封后的散热及器件稳定性问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯技术领域,尤其涉及一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
为保证元器件的正常稳定使用,很多部件需要灌封,以使构件固定免受环境影响。聚氨酯灌封胶有硬度低,强度适中,弹性好,耐水,防霉,优良电绝缘性和难燃性,对电器元件无腐蚀,对钢、铝、铜、锡等金属,以及橡胶,塑料,木质等材料有较好的粘结性,价格适中的特点,因此被广泛应用。聚氨酯灌封胶通常是由异氰酸酯和液态聚醚或聚酯二醇缩聚生成。
为了保证电子元器件的工作稳定性,对聚氨酯灌封胶的导热性能提出了更高的要求。已报道的导热聚氨酯灌封胶主要是通过在聚氨酯中添加导热材料,例如球形氧化铝、片状氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和氮化铝中的一种或多种来实现(例如公共专利CN115651596A、CN115322734A、CN115572363A、CN114316882A);又或者添加导热材料氮化硅、碳化硅和氮化硼等无机物来实现(例如公共专利CN112608708A、CN115160972A)。
前者添加的金属化合物(球形氧化铝、片状氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和氮化铝中的一种或多种)为Lewis碱或者Lewis酸,由于Lewis酸碱能催化加快聚氨酯的水解速度,极大地缩减了聚氨酯的耐水性,因此这种添加上述化合物制备的聚氨酯灌封胶耐湿性较差。后者氮化物等的添加虽然极大地提高了聚氨酯灌封胶的导热性,但是这些无机物和聚氨酯的相容性较差,在长时间的高温下,这些无机物面临着溶出的问题,长时间使用导热性能会大幅下降,聚氨酯灌封胶的胶黏性也随之下降甚至出现开裂。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法,在避免对聚氨酯存在催化效应以及克服导热填料溶出的前提下,赋予所述聚氨酯灌封胶更加优异的导热性能和粘接强度,从而解决了电子器件灌封后的散热及器件稳定性问题。
本发明提出的一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,包括组分A和组分B;其中,
组分A包括如下重量份的原料:多元醇60-100份、扩链剂5-15份、塑化剂5-15份、催化剂0.01-0.05份、消泡剂0.01-0.05份、中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末15-30份;
组分B包括如下重量份的原料:异氰酸酯60-100份、聚合物多元醇10-25份。
优选地,组分A和组分B的质量比为1-4:1。
优选地,所述多元醇为植物油多元醇和/或聚合物多元醇;
优选地,所述植物油多元醇为蓖麻油、棕榈油或大豆油中的至少一种;所述聚合物多元醇为聚丙二醇、聚丙三醇或端羟基聚丁二烯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述扩链剂为小分子二元醇;
优选地,所述小分子二元醇为1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇或新戊二醇中的至少一种。
优选地,所述塑化剂为对苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二癸酯、己二酸二甲酯或己二酸二癸酯中的至少一种;
优选地,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、新癸酸铋或新癸酸锌中的至少一种;
优选地,所述消泡剂为BYK1794、聚合物型消泡剂BYK1790或有机硅消泡剂BYK066N中的至少一种。
优选地,所述中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末的粒径为100-300目;
本发明中,所述中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末作为导热填料,控制其粒径大小以便使其能够在聚氨酯中进行有效复配,并降低导热渗透阈值,兼顾了高热导率和加工性能,从而成功制备出具备高导热且绝缘的聚氨酯灌封胶。
优选地,所述中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末为氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末,该氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末是通过将中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末与正硅酸乙酯进行水解反应,得到中间相沥青基泡沫炭/SiO2的复合材料,将该中间相沥青基泡沫炭/SiO2的复合材料与氨基硅烷偶联剂进行偶联反应后,即得到所述氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末;
优选地,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或3-(2-氨基乙基氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
本发明中,利用正硅酸乙酯和中间相沥青基泡沫炭为原料,正硅酸乙酯经过水解反应后生成SiO2分布在中间相沥青基泡沫炭的表面泡孔中,其一方面可以充当导热桥梁,搭接相互分离的中间相沥青基泡沫炭,从而构建高贯通率的导热网络,另一方面可以与氨基硅烷偶联剂进行偶联接枝反应,从而得到带有氨基官基团的中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末,由于氨基可以与异氰酸酯反应,从而参与聚氨酯的合成,使得中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末与聚氨酯形成分子键合,因此能够进一步增强中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末与聚氨酯的相容性,最终获得了具有更加优异导热性能的聚氨酯灌封胶。
优选地,所述异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或对苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述聚合物多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯、聚丙二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇或聚己二酸-乙二醇酯二醇中的至少一种。
本发明还提出一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份将多元醇60-100份、扩链剂5-15份、塑化剂5-15份、催化剂0.1-0.5份、消泡剂0.01-0.05份和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末15-30份混合均匀,加热真空脱水后,得到组分A;按重量份将异氰酸酯60-100份和聚合物多元醇10-25份混合均匀,加热反应后,得到组分B;
(2)将组分A和组分B混合均匀,加热熟化后,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
优选地,步骤(1)中,加热真空脱水的温度为80-100℃,时间为3-8h,加热反应的温度为30-50℃,时间为4-9h;步骤(2)中,加热熟化的温度为40-80℃,时间为6-24h。
本发明所提出的一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶及其制备方法,通过在聚氨酯中加入中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末,由于中间相沥青基泡沫炭是由中间的气泡及其周围规则排列的炭石墨片层结构所组成的泡壁相互连接而成的多孔状炭材料,因此,一方面,中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末为中性材料,对聚氨酯的分解无任何催化作用;另一方面,中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末含有C-H键,和聚氨酯形成氢键不会有溶出问题,同时中间相沥青基泡沫炭含有大量的孔洞,部分孔洞聚氨酯填充后,二者融为一体,不会出现长时间高温溶出或者分相的现象产生。
与此同时,本发明使用的中间相沥青基泡沫炭导热填料常见且成本低廉,工艺简单高效,由此制备的双组分聚氨酯结构胶粘剂,其导热系数高达3.23W/(mK),同时对基材具有较高的粘接强度(大于5MPa),这些特质使其在电子封装领域具有广阔的应用前景和实用价值。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所用中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末的外观图。
具体实施方式
下面,本发明通过具体实施例对所述技术方案进行详细说明,但是应该明确提出这些实施例用于举例说明,但是不解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其是通过下述方法制备而成:
(1)组分A的制备:
按重量份将端羟基聚丁二烯(分子量为2750、羟值为0.75mmol/g)80份、1,4-丁二醇12.5份、己二酸二甲酯12.5份、二月桂酸二丁基锡0.01份、有机硅消泡剂BYK 066N 0.015份和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末(粒径200目)28.5份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至90℃,抽真空脱水脱气5h,得到组分A;
(2)组分B的制备:
按重量份将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50)90份和端羟基聚丁二烯(分子量为2750、羟值为0.75mmol/g)10份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至40℃,反应5h后脱泡,得到组分B;
(3)高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备:
灌封时,将组分A和组分B按照质量比为3:1搅拌混合均匀,60℃下熟化6-12h,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
实施例2
一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其是通过下述方法制备而成:
(1)组分A的制备:
按重量份将蓖麻油(羟基当量为345、平均羟基官能度为2.7)60份、二乙二醇15份、对苯二甲酸二丁酯5份、新癸酸铋0.03份、有机硅消泡剂BYK 066N0.01份和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末(粒径200目)30份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至80℃,抽真空脱水脱气8h,得到组分A;
(2)组分B的制备:
按重量份将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯60份和端羟基聚丁二烯(分子量为2750、羟值为0.75mmol/g)25份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至30℃,反应9h后脱泡,得到组分B;
(3)高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备:
灌封时,将组分A和组分B按照质量比为2:1搅拌混合均匀,40℃下熟化24h,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
实施例3
一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其是通过下述方法制备而成:
(1)组分A的制备:
按重量份将蓖麻油(羟基当量为300、平均羟基官能度为2.4)100份、1,3-丙二醇5份、己二酸二癸酯15份、二月桂酸二丁基锡0.01份、消泡剂BYK17940.05份和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末(粒径200目)15份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至100℃,抽真空脱水脱气3h,得到组分A;
(2)组分B的制备:
按重量份将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50)100份和聚丙二醇(分子量为400、羟值为5mmol/g)10份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至50℃,反应4h后脱泡,得到组分B;
(3)高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备:
灌封时,将组分A和组分B按照质量比为4:1搅拌混合均匀,80℃下熟化6h,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
实施例4
一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其是通过下述方法制备而成:
(1)组分A的制备:
按重量份将端羟基聚丁二烯(分子量为2750、羟值为0.75mmol/g)80份、1,4-丁二醇12.5份、己二酸二甲酯12.5份、二月桂酸二丁基锡0.01份、有机硅消泡剂BYK 066N 0.015份和氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末28.5份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至90℃,抽真空脱水脱气5h,得到组分A;
其中,所述氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末是通过下述方法制备而成:将中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末(粒径200目)加入体积比为2:1的乙醇和水的混合溶液中分散均匀后,加入中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末重量20wt%的正硅酸乙酯,搅拌条件下再逐滴加入盐酸直至溶液pH值为4,在30℃下搅拌反应1后,再加入中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末重量3倍的氨水和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末重量40wt%的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌反应12h,离心分离后,将所得沉淀用水和乙醇依次进行洗涤,真空干燥后,即得到所述氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末;
(2)组分B的制备:
按重量份将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50)90份和端羟基聚丁二烯(分子量为2750、羟值为0.75mmol/g)10份加入到反应釜中搅拌混合均匀,再加热至40℃,反应5h后脱泡,得到组分B;
(3)高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备:
灌封时,将组分A和组分B按照质量比为3:1搅拌混合均匀,60℃下熟化6-12h,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
对上述实施例所得高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的拉伸剪切强度以及导热系数进行测试,其中,拉伸剪切强度按照GB/T7124-2008标准进行测试,导热系数则按照ASTM D5470-2012标准进行测试;实施例所得高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的性能测试结果如下表1所示:
表1不同实施例所得高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的性能测试结果
从上表中可以看出,中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末的加入使聚氨酯灌封胶的导热系数有着很大的提高,并且相较于单纯加入中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末,氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末的加入可以进一步提高聚氨酯灌封胶的热导率;与此同时该聚氨酯灌封胶还具有较高的拉伸剪切强度,即表现出对基材有较高的粘接强度,且经过85℃和85%RH的严苛条件老化30天后,仍然保持了原来水平,可见其具有较高的耐温耐湿性能。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,包括组分A和组分B;其中,
组分A包括如下重量份的原料:多元醇60-100份、扩链剂5-15份、塑化剂5-15份、催化剂0.01-0.05份、消泡剂0.01-0.05份、中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末15-30份;
组分B包括如下重量份的原料:异氰酸酯60-100份、聚合物多元醇10-25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,组分A和组分B的质量比为1-4:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述多元醇为植物油多元醇和/或聚合物多元醇;
优选地,所述植物油多元醇为蓖麻油、棕榈油或大豆油中的至少一种;所述聚合物多元醇为聚丙二醇、聚丙三醇或端羟基聚丁二烯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述扩链剂为小分子二元醇;
优选地,所述小分子二元醇为1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇或新戊二醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述塑化剂为对苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二癸酯、己二酸二甲酯或己二酸二癸酯中的至少一种;
优选地,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、新癸酸铋或新癸酸锌中的至少一种;
优选地,所述消泡剂为BYK1794、聚合物型消泡剂BYK1790或有机硅消泡剂BYK066N中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末的粒径为100-300目;
优选地,所述中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末为氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末,该氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末是通过将中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末与正硅酸乙酯进行水解反应,得到中间相沥青基泡沫炭/SiO2的复合材料,将该中间相沥青基泡沫炭/SiO2的复合材料与氨基硅烷偶联剂进行偶联反应后,即得到所述氨基功能化中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末;
优选地,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或3-(2-氨基乙基氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或对苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶,其特征在于,所述聚合物多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯、聚丙二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇或聚己二酸-乙二醇酯二醇中的至少一种。
9.一种高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份将多元醇60-100份、扩链剂5-15份、塑化剂5-15份、催化剂0.1-0.5份、消泡剂0.01-0.05份和中间相沥青基泡沫炭粉末15-30份混合均匀,加热真空脱水后,得到组分A;按重量份将异氰酸酯60-100份和聚合物多元醇10-25份混合均匀,加热反应后,得到组分B;
(2)将组分A和组分B混合均匀,加热熟化后,即得到所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶。
10.根据权利要求9所述高导热聚氨酯灌封胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,加热真空脱水的温度为80-100℃,时间为3-8h,加热反应的温度为30-50℃,时间为4-9h;步骤(2)中,加热熟化的温度为40-80℃,时间为6-24h。
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