CN117820435A - 一种靶向psma的多肽制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种靶向psma的多肽制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117820435A CN117820435A CN202410009269.XA CN202410009269A CN117820435A CN 117820435 A CN117820435 A CN 117820435A CN 202410009269 A CN202410009269 A CN 202410009269A CN 117820435 A CN117820435 A CN 117820435A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向PSMA的多肽制备方法及其应用,多肽的氨基酸序列通式为X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X12X13X14,所述的制备方法为Fmoc固相多肽合成方法。本发明的多肽能够与PSMA蛋白结合,从而能定向与PSMA过表达的前列腺癌细胞结合,本发明的共价多肽对PSMA蛋白具有较高的亲和力,靶向作用明显,选择性强,且本发明涉及的肽可以采用化学合成的方法制备得到,纯度高,分子量小,特异性强,为多肽类小分子药物研发提供了一条新思路,将有助于前列腺癌的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和药物化学领域,具体地说,涉及一种靶向PSMA的抗肿瘤多肽及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
癌症是威胁人类健康和生命的头号杀手。继手术、放疗、化疗、中医中药治疗、生物治疗之后,靶向治疗是随着分子生物学技术水平的不断上升而得以诞生的治疗方法,通过选择在肿瘤细胞中高表达,而正常组织中低表达的一种蛋白分子或一个基因片段作为靶点,设计与靶点特异性结合的药物,使药物仅在靶点存在的位置富集,或使用修饰靶分子的纳米载体运载药物,从而实现提高治疗效率,降低毒副作用的目的。
肿瘤靶向治疗分为两大类,即肿瘤细胞靶向治疗和肿瘤血管靶向治疗:
(1)肿瘤细胞靶向治疗
利用肿瘤细胞表面的特异性抗原或受体作为靶点。以肿瘤细胞所特有的或过表达某种蛋白为靶点,靶向药物可以识别这些蛋白,特异性地杀伤身体中肿瘤细胞,避免伤害正常细胞。
(2)肿瘤血管靶向治疗
通过靶向肿瘤区域的新生毛细血管内皮细胞表面的特异性抗原或受体来发挥作用的。恶性肿瘤的生长速度快的根本原因是有很多新生血管,定向与新生细胞的血管内皮细胞结合可以以阻碍肿瘤区域形成新生血管,切断肿瘤的营养供应,降低肿瘤细胞增殖速度,使癌细胞凋亡。
目前,随着对肿瘤细胞的肿瘤细胞标志物研究的不断深入,针对肿瘤细胞表面的特异性受体在多种实体瘤的治疗中表现出了较好的临床效果,靶向治疗逐渐成为恶性肿瘤治疗的重要角色。临床上基于靶向治疗研发的药物主要有单克隆抗体抑制和信号通路抑制剂两种。单克隆抗体针对肿瘤细胞表面的抗原靶点,通过抗原-抗体结合抑制肿瘤细胞的生理功能,达到杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。信号通路抑制剂靶向肿瘤细胞生理代谢中的某一条通路,通过对通路进行妨碍,影响肿瘤细胞物质合成与代谢,造成肿瘤细胞死亡。
前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)作为一种表达在细胞膜上的II型跨膜糖蛋白,含有750个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量为10万道尔顿(Da),是一种具有高敏感性、稳定性和特异性的前列腺癌肿瘤标志物,最早于1987年被首次报道并研制了第一个抗PSMA的单克隆抗体7E11,早期的抗体7E11只能识别PSMA细胞内的抗原决定簇,不能结合活的细胞。而后J591等一系列针对PSMA的单克隆抗体逐步被分离纯化出来,不但可以识别PSMA胞外的抗原决定簇,还可以结合表达PSMA的活细胞。研究表明PSMA主要由三部分构成,分别为由19个氨基酸残基构成的细胞内片段,24个氨基酸残基构成的跨膜结构域以及707个氨基酸残基构成的胞外结构域,且其胞外结构域占蛋白的95%,是小分子和抗体作用的主要位点,更易于设计靶向分子和识别。
PSMA还具有谷氨酸羧肽酶II及叶酸水解酶1活性,调查研究表明它的这两种酶活性与肿瘤生长与增殖有关。同时PSMA还是一类锌依赖型的金属蛋白酶,其胞外部分又可分为三个不同的结构域,分别为蛋白酶结构域、顶端结构域和C末端结构域,所有这些结构域都参与底物的识别和结合。这三个结构域交界面上形成一个大腔室,包括双核Zn位点和主要的极性氨基酸残基(70个极性氨基酸残基的66%),该腔室即为底物与PSMA结合的部位。在生理条件下,PSMA倾向于以活性同源二聚体形式存在,这种二聚而非单体型的PSMA能更有效地使抗体和表达PSMA的肿瘤细胞发生特异性结合。
肽库筛选就是在大量肽段中寻找具有特定结合功能的小分子多肽。目前肽库筛选方法包括噬菌体展示肽库和化学合成肽库筛选。经典的组合化学肽库构建方法之一是在固相合成中,通过对载体微珠的多次混合与均分,使每个微珠上带有唯一的一种随机多肽序列,称之为“一珠一物”组合化学多肽文库,因合成灵活性高,稳定可靠而在亲和筛选方面独具优势。
多肽类靶向小分子药物及诊断探针以成本低、分子量小、生物相容性好、穿透性强、免疫原性低、制备简单等特点,在肿瘤靶向给药、癌症诊断等方面彰显出很强的优越性,甚至显示了替代抗体类诊疗试剂的趋势。因此,在癌症研究中针对肿瘤标志物合理设计并筛选对癌细胞具有高特异性的亲和多肽,继而发展成为肿瘤的诊断试剂及治疗药物,是治疗癌症的有效途径。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题提供一种对PSMA具有高亲和力和特异性的靶向多肽及其制备方法与应用,特别是一种能与前列腺特异性膜抗原PSMA蛋白结合的多肽和由该肽所衍生的且能与PSMA蛋白结合的产品及上述多肽或其衍生物在制备抗癌药物中的用途。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原PSMA的多肽,其氨基酸序列通式为X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X12X13X14。
所述的X1优选为亮氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸或赖氨酸,X2优选为组氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸,X3优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X4优选为亮氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸或赖氨酸,X5优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X6优选为亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、色氨酸或苏氨酸,X7优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X8优选为亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、异亮氨酸或缬氨酸,X9优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X10优选为组氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸,X11优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或赖氨酸,X12优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或谷氨酸,X13优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或赖氨酸,X14优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸或赖氨酸。
进一步的,所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:LHTLQWQITHKEAE。
进一步的,所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:LHTLQWQINRKLAL。
本发明所述的氨基酸残基可以是L-型,也可以是D-型,或者是L-、D-型的混合。
一种多肽的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
以树脂作为固相载体,通过混合裂分的方法逐个将每个位置上的氨基酸偶联到载体上;通过裂解液将多肽在树脂上切除,分离纯化,即可得到所需多肽。
本发明的多肽具有靶向PSMA蛋白的作用,可以作为靶头提高药物或载有药物的载体如纳米材料、脂质体等在PSMA阳性细胞中的含量,再添加药学上可接受的辅料或佐剂制成新型的更有效的靶向抗肿瘤药物。
进一步的,所述肿瘤为PSMA过表达的肿瘤。
进一步的,所述肿瘤为前列腺肿瘤。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明的多肽具有靶向PSMA阳性肿瘤细胞的特性,亲和力较高,因而在实际应用中,可以将本发明的多肽作为分子探针用于筛查适于进行癌症治疗的病人和疗效评估。还可以作为靶向多肽,将能杀伤癌细胞的药物负载,用于前列腺肿瘤的靶向治疗和成像。
(2)目前靶向PSMA治疗前列腺癌的上市药物数量和临床药物数量较少,在未来癌症的治疗中有着极广阔的发展前景。本发明的靶向多肽选择性强,纯度高,分子量小,特异性强,免疫原性低,安全可靠,可以采用化学合成的方法制备,简单易行,适于基于PSMA过表达的癌症并取得最优的治疗效果,具有较好的研究前景和临床指导意义。
(3)利用细胞模型进行实验,发现该多肽对前列腺癌细胞有着较好的结合能力。本发明的多肽可以应用到其它载体体系,定向安全的靶向PSMA过表达的癌细胞,是靶向治疗行之有效的方案之一。
本发明制备方法简单、成本低廉,具有很强的实用性和应用前景。本发明的多肽可为前列腺癌的早期诊断和靶向治疗提供了一条新思路,在将来优化个体患者的治疗方案上有着重要的意义和参考价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明多肽制备方法的流程示意图;
图2为本发明得到的多肽LE和LL的结构式示意图;
图3为本发明得到的多肽LE和LL与PSMA蛋白的亲和力示意图;
图4为本发明得到的多肽在LNCaP细胞和293T细胞上的结合示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实验例1本发明多肽的合成与筛选
1)实验仪器与材料
N-甲基吗啉(NMM),哌啶,三氟乙酸(TFA),二氯甲烷(DCM),茚三酮,维生素C,苯酚,四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HBTU),六氢吡啶,三异丙基硅烷(TIS),乙二硫醇(EDT),N,N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),无水乙醚,树脂,甲醇,各种Fmoc保护氨基酸,异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC),多肽合成管,摇床,真空水泵,旋转蒸发仪,激光共聚焦显微镜(ZEISS LSM 710),基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),高效液相色谱(HPLC),上述试剂和材料均从商业途径获得。
2)溶剂配制
脱保护溶剂——六氢吡啶:N,N二甲基甲酰胺=1:4
反应液——N-甲基吗啉:N,N二甲基甲酰胺=1:24
裂解液——三氟乙酸(92.5%)、乙二硫醇(2.5%)、超纯水(2.5%)
茚三酮测试液——茚三酮:维生素C:苯酚=1:1:1
3)“一珠一物”组合化学多肽文库的合成
采用Fmoc固相肽合成方法合成多肽文库,采用Fmoc固相合成的方法进行肽库的合成,以Tentagel树脂为固相载体,采用混合裂分的方法逐个将每个位置上的氨基酸偶联到载体上,最后用强酸从树脂上切下肽链并脱去保护基团,合成的过程如图1所示。
称取0.2g的Tentagel树脂,按照上述固相多肽合成程序循环,按照氨基酸:树脂=5:1的质量比逐个进行反应,并加入与氨基酸等量的HBTU进行偶联反应,反应前后用茚三酮显色试剂进行检测。最后,经过甲醇置换和收缩步骤,真空抽干,得到干燥树脂备用。用含有95%的TFA裂解液将多肽将树脂上切除,用冰乙醚沉淀,得到的初步多肽用HPLC分离纯化,经质谱鉴定合成是否准确。
4)筛选具有PSMA靶向性的多肽
肽库合成完毕后收集树脂,用1×PBS清洗两次,用5%的脱脂牛奶封闭2小时,用PBS清洗三次。加入生物素标记的PSMA蛋白,在37℃孵育2小时,然后使用磁分选的方法将阳性树脂挑选出来。用溴化氰将阳性树脂上的多肽裂解下来,经MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定获得相应序列信息。按序列重新合成阳性多肽,MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定和HPLC纯化用于后续试验。经化学合成制得本发明的多肽序列为LE:LHTLQWQITHKEAE和LL:LHTLQWQINRKLAL,其化学结构式如图2所示。
实验例2表面等离子体共振成像(SPRi)验证LE与LL多肽对PSMA蛋白的亲和力
SPRi分析在plexa PlexArray HT系统(plexa LLC,Bothell,WA)上进行,使用裸金SPRi芯片(纳米捕获金芯片,金层厚度为47.5nm)。通过半胱氨酸残基的硫醇基团将纯化后的1mg/mL的多肽溶液打印在芯片上,在4℃条件下孵育过夜,然后用10×PBS清洗3次,1×PBS清洗3次,超纯水清洗2次。用5%的脱脂牛奶封闭过夜,在用10×,1×PBS清洗3次,最后用氮气吹干,装配在芯片机上进行检测。流动相为PBST配制的PSMA溶液,浓度依次为125nM,62.5nM,31.2nM,15.6nM,7.8nM,3.9nM。如图3所示,最终得到多肽LE和LL对PSMA蛋白的亲和力分别为1.1×10-7M和1.73×10-7M,表明具有良好的亲和力。
实验例3多肽LE和LL在细胞水平对PSMA阳性细胞的选择性
PSMA高表达的前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP使用含10%的1640培养基,以1×105/mL的密度接种在共聚焦皿中;正常细胞293T用含10%的DMEM培养基以1×105/mL的密度接种在共聚焦皿中,都置于37℃恒温培养箱(5% CO2)中培养48小时。将FITC标记的LE和LL多肽以5.0×10-5M的浓度溶解在无血清培养基中。先加入FITC标记的多肽溶液200μL于共聚焦皿中,在37℃下避光孵育15min,然后用1×PBS清洗三次,再向皿中加入1μM的Hoechst 33342染色试剂200μL,37℃避光孵育15分钟,再用1×PBS清洗三次。在整个实验过程中,488nm激光作为FITC的激发源,发射波长为520~620nm;Hoechst33342在50mW激发,激发波长为405nm,发射波长为472nm。成像用物镜为奥林巴斯UPLSAPO 100×油浸物镜。用激光共聚焦观察多肽在两种细胞上的分布情况。
结果如图4所示,在PSMA阳性细胞LNCaP的细胞膜上有明亮的荧光,在PSMA阴性的293T细胞上,没有观察到荧光。说明筛选得到的多肽LE和LL对PSMA阳性细胞具有良好的靶向性以及选择性。说明本发明的多肽单独使用对PSMA阳性肿瘤细胞有高亲和作用,可以作为靶向PSMA的多肽使用。
从实验例1-3可以得出,本发明的多肽具有靶向PSMA阳性肿瘤细胞的特性,因而在实际应用中,可以将本发明的多肽作为靶向多肽,与能杀伤癌细胞的制剂相缀合或混合,用于肿瘤的靶向治疗。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的工艺方法,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种靶向PSMA的多肽,其特征在于,多肽的氨基酸序列通式为X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X1 1X12X13X14。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种靶向PSMA多肽,其特征在于,所述的X1优选为亮氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸或赖氨酸,X2优选为组氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸,X3优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X4优选为亮氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸或赖氨酸,X5优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X6优选为亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、色氨酸或苏氨酸,X7优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X8优选为亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、异亮氨酸或缬氨酸,X9优选为苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺或酪氨酸,X10优选为组氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸,X11优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或赖氨酸,X12优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或谷氨酸,X13优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或赖氨酸,X14优选为丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸或赖氨酸。
3.如权利要求2所述的多肽,其特征在于,所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:LHTLQWQITHKEAE和LHTLQWQINRKLAL。
4.如权利要求1~2所述多肽的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:以树脂作为固相载体,通过混合裂分的方法逐个将每个位置上的氨基酸偶联到载体上;通过裂解液将多肽在树脂上切除,分离纯化,即可得到所需多肽。
5.如权利要求3所述的多肽,其特征在于,所述的多肽具有靶向PSMA阳性细胞的特性,可作为肿瘤治疗药物或成像试剂的载体的用途。
6.如权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤为PSMA过表达的肿瘤。
7.如权利要求6所述应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤为前列腺肿瘤。
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