CN117770212A - Method for improving parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for improving parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 241001481304 Vespoidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 241001556089 Nilaparvata lugens Species 0.000 claims description 43
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- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 241001178066 Pseudoligosita Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for improving parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs and application thereof, belonging to the field of biological control of rice major pests. The method comprises the steps of mixed production and mixed release of two rice planthopper egg parasitic bees, namely the rice planthopper thysanoptera and the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma. In the paddy field environment of China, the rice planthopper is a dominant species of the parasitic wasps of the rice planthopper eggs, and in the practical application process, the fact that the single use of the rice planthopper wasps for preventing and controlling the rice planthoppers has a certain effect is found, but a large number of rice planthopper eggs are not parasitic and normally develop into nymphs to drill out to harm rice still exists. By utilizing the characteristics that the rice planthopper and the plant hopper pseudo-oligotrichogramma can parasitize the same rice planthopper egg mass and have differences in the parasitic peak period of the daytime, the development calendar period from eggs to adults of the two egg parasitic bees is different, the two egg parasitic bees are combined and are mixed in a large quantity to be released to a rice field, the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper eggs can be obviously increased, the control period is prolonged, and the control effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of biological control of rice major pests, in particular to a method for improving parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs and application thereof.
Background
The rice planthoppers are one of important rice pests in China, and the harmful species mainly include brown planthoppers Nilaparvata lugensAnd the sogatella furcifera Sogatella furcifera, etc., which have high propagation speed and can burst into disasters in a short time, are listed in the name of crop diseases and insect pests in China, and have the harm area of hundreds of mu per year, thus seriously affecting the yield and quality of rice. The rice planthoppers lay eggs in leaf sheath tissues in the form of egg masses, the eggs start to develop at a proper temperature, the eggs are hatched into nymphs of one age after 8-10 days of development, the parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers penetrate into host eggs through a slender spawner to lay eggs and parasitize, and the brown planthoppers are directly killed in the egg stage.
The main egg parasitic bees of the rice planthoppers comprise thysanoptera, trichogramma and the like, and in the paddy field environment of China, the rice planthopper thysanoptera Anagrus nilaparvatae is a dominant species of the rice planthopper egg parasitic bees, compared with other egg parasitic bees, the rice planthopper thysanoptera has strong fecundity, large population quantity, wide ecological niche and strong adaptability to ecological environment, and the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper thysanguinea to brown planthopper eggs in the paddy field is kept at about 70 percent. However, in the practical application process, it is found that although the single use of the rice planthoppers has a certain effect on preventing and controlling rice planthoppers, a large number of rice planthopper eggs are not parasitized and normally develop into nymphs to damage rice, and the parasitization rate needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthoppers and application thereof, so as to solve the problem of poor control effect caused by using the rice planthoppers to control rice planthoppers in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
according to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs, which comprises the mixed production and mixed release of two rice planthopper eggs of a rice planthopper wasp and a planthopper pseudo-trichogramma.
In the practical application process, the applicant finds that although the single use of the rice planthoppers has a certain effect on preventing and controlling rice planthoppers, a large number of rice planthopper eggs are not parasitized and normally develop into nymphs to damage rice, and the parasitization rate needs to be further improved. The early research results show that although the parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers such as the small wasps with the leaves and the pseudo-oligotrichogramma of the planthoppers are natural enemies with daily activities, the parasitic periods are all daytime, but the parasitic peak periods in the daytime are different, and the development periods of the two parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers from eggs to adults are different. According to the invention, by combining the two egg parasitic bees, the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper eggs can be remarkably increased and the control period can be prolonged by releasing the two egg parasitic bees to the rice field in a large scale, so that the control effect can be improved.
Further, the mixed production of the rice lice thysanoptera and the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s1, in an insect raising cage, artificially raising brown planthopper short-wing female adults which emerge for 24-48 hours, isolating the brown planthopper short-wing female adults from males, and continuously raising the brown planthopper short-wing female adults to a sexually mature state by using live rice seedlings which grow for 8-12 days, so that a large number of brown planthopper virgins are obtained;
s2, placing live rice seedlings growing for 28-32 days into the insect-raising cage, allowing adult brown planthoppers to produce unfertilized eggs, taking out the live rice seedlings after 48 hours, removing adult brown planthoppers inhabiting on the seedlings, and placing the live rice seedlings into the insect-raising cage;
s3, putting female adults of artificially raised rice-plant hopper wasps and female adults of pseudo-trichogramma planthoppers into the insect raising cages, searching unfertilized eggs of brown planthoppers on rice live seedlings, parasitizing the unfertilized eggs, and collecting the rice live seedlings after 48 hours, so that mixed production of the rice-plant hopper wasps and the pseudo-trichogramma planthoppers is realized.
Wherein: the brown planthopper adults are divided into long-wing type and short-wing type according to wing type, and the spawning quantity of the short-wing female adults is obviously higher than that of the long-wing type; the rice live seedlings retain root systems and are soaked in the nutrient solution to maintain the activity of the rice seedlings; since the unfertilized eggs of brown planthoppers cannot develop normally, even if few individual brown planthopper eggs are not parasitized, nymphs cannot develop to cause harm to rice.
Further, the ratio of the addition quantity of the rice planthopper pseudo-trichogramma female adults to the brown planthopper short-wing female adults is 1-3:1-3:1.
Further, in step S2, the live rice seedling is a main stem from which a leaf portion is cut.
Further, the mixed release of the rice lice thysanoptera and the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s4, after undergoing a development period of 10-15 days of the parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers, placing the live rice seedlings carrying the offspring of the rice planthoppers, the planthoppers and the pseudo trichogramma of the rice planthoppers obtained in the step S3 on the rice field edges at the initial stage of the outbreak of the rice planthoppers, avoiding direct sunlight and keeping main stems of the live rice seedlings moist;
s5, after two kinds of rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are eclosion, the two kinds of rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are sequentially drilled out, the rice planthopper eggs are flown into a rice field to find out the rice planthopper eggs to continue to spawn and parasitic, and the step S4 is repeated every 10-15 days according to the development period of the egg parasitic bees.
Further, in the step S3, the rice lice thysanoptera is a male parthenogenesis for both amphiprotic reproduction and camping; the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma is a parthenogenesis strain for producing females.
Wherein: the rice-lice-thysanus-vesiculus Anagrus nilaparvatae can perform amphoteric reproduction and parthenogenesis, wherein offspring generated by parthenogenesis are haploid males. The planthopper pseudo-trichogramma Pseudoligosita yasumatsui is another egg parasitic wasp of rice planthoppers, after being infected by Wolbachia Wolbachia, the non-fertilized egg chromosomes of the wasp are not mutually divided into two sub-cells at the end of mitosis, so that chromosome doubling is realized, and diploid female offspring is obtained, namely, parthenogenesis offspring is female. Parthenogenesis has the advantages of strong proliferation capability, easy colonization and low production cost in the field of pest biocontrol. The two rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are indoor continuous generation breeding high-efficiency strains, are single parasitic egg parasitic bees, namely, only one offspring is parasitic in one host egg, the egg parasitic bees survive in the rice planthopper eggs from eggs until adults develop, nutrition is obtained and development is completed by feeding tissues in the rice planthopper eggs, and the purpose of killing the rice planthopper eggs is achieved.
Further, the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma is infected with Wolbachia Wolbachia to become in-vivo intracellular symbiotic bacteria.
By utilizing the regulation and control capability of Wolbachia to host reproduction, the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma is artificially infected with Wolbachia and becomes in-vivo intracellular symbiotic bacteria, and the non-fertilized egg chromosomes of the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma are regulated and controlled not to be mutually split into two daughter cells at the end of mitosis, so that chromosome doubling is realized, and diploid female offspring is obtained without haploid male offspring. After female offspring become adults, the female offspring still carry Wolbach bacteria and are subjected to reproduction regulation, and the reproduction mode is parthenogenesis of the female offspring.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the invention provides an application of the method for improving the parasitic effect of the rice planthoppers in green prevention and control of the rice planthoppers in the rice field.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the rice planthopper wasps and the planthopper pseudo-oligotrichogramma are natural enemies of the daily rice planthopper, the parasitic period is in the daytime, but the parasitic peak period in the daytime is different, the development period from eggs to adults of the two egg parasitic wasps is different, the same rice planthopper egg masses can be parasitic at the same time, and the competition among species is not intense. According to the invention, the two egg parasitic bees are combined and released to the rice field in a large batch, so that the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper eggs can be remarkably increased, the control period is prolonged, and the control effect is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are exemplary only and that other implementations can be obtained from the extensions of the drawings provided without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a spawning mark a and a corresponding unfertilized egg mass b of brown planthoppers provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows that the parasitic rate of the brown planthopper egg mass provided in the embodiment 1 of the invention is more than 95%;
FIG. 3 shows two rice planthopper egg parasitic wasp adults provided by the invention;
fig. 4 shows female adults of brown planthoppers and virgins of brown planthoppers which are initially emerged according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, by way of illustration, is to be read in connection with certain specific embodiments, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs, which comprises the mixed production and mixed release of two rice planthopper egg parasitic bees, namely rice planthopper wasps and plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma.
1. The mixed production of the rice lice thysanoptera and the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s1, in an insect raising cage, artificially raising and collecting a large amount of brown planthopper short-wing female adults which are emerged for 48 hours, isolating the brown planthopper short-wing female adults from males, and continuously raising the brown planthopper short-wing female adults for 72 hours by using live rice seedlings which grow for 10 days, wherein the collected brown planthopper virgins are sexually mature, and unfertilized eggs can be produced. According to brown planthopper habit, females mainly concentrate in rice stem tissues with a few to tens of different eggs, and only one spawning trace is left barely visible to naked eyes (see fig. 1).
S2, in order to facilitate parasitic oviposition of the egg parasitic wasps, cutting off leaf parts (brown planthopper-free egg parts) of the live rice seedlings, only leaving main stems, putting a large amount of live rice seedling main stems growing for 30 days into an insect raising cage, allowing adult brown planthopper to produce unfertilized eggs, taking out the live rice seedlings after 48 hours, removing brown planthopper adult inhabited on the seedlings, and putting the live rice seedlings into the insect raising cage.
S3, putting a proper amount of artificially fed female adult of the rice planthoppers and female adult of the plant hopper pseudo-trichogrammatid into the insect raising cage according to the quantity proportion (the female adult of the rice planthoppers: the female adult of the plant hopper pseudo-trichogrammatid: the short wing female adult of the brown planthoppers=2:2:1), and finding and parasitizing unfertilized eggs of the brown planthoppers on the main stems of the live rice seedlings. And after 48 hours, collecting main stems of rice living seedlings, namely realizing the mixed production of the rice lice thysanoptera and the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma.
2. The mixed release of the rice lice thysanoptera and the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s4, after the development period of 10-15 days of the parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers, placing the live rice seedling main stems carrying the rice planthoppers, the tassel and the pseudo trichogramma offspring (developed to old larvae) of the rice planthoppers, which are collected in the step S3, on the rice field edges at the initial stage of the outbreak of the rice planthoppers, so that direct sunlight is avoided, and the moist of the rice seedling main stems is kept.
S5, after the two egg parasitic bees emerge, the two egg parasitic bees are sequentially drilled into a rice field to find out the eggs of the rice planthoppers to continue to spawn and parasitic, and the step S4 is repeated every 10-15 days according to the development period of the egg parasitic bees.
According to the steps, two rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are parasitic alternately in the daytime, so that the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper eggs is increased, and the control effect is improved.
Test example 1
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps: the artificial feeding of 100 brown planthoppers with short wing female adults in 48 hours is divided into two groups, namely a group A and a group B, and 50 brown planthoppers are in each group. Group a brown planthopper short-wing female adults were produced in combination with the rice planthopper thysanoptera and the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma by the method of example 1. As a control, the group B brown planthopper short-wing female adults were produced in combination with the rice planthopper thysanoptera, which differed from example 1 only in that the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma female adults were replaced with equal amounts of rice planthopper thysanoptera female adults, namely rice planthopper thysanoptera female adults: brown planthopper short-wing female adult = 4:1.
2. experimental data: the average spawning number and the parasitic rate of brown planthoppers were counted as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Treatment of | Number of brown planthoppers spawning | Parasitic ratio of |
| Group A | 395 | 96.2％ |
| Group B | 361 | 70.9％ |
From the results, it can be seen that: under the condition of the same number of eggs of parasitic wasps, the parasitic rate of mixed parasitic of the female adults of the rice-plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma is far higher than that of the female adults of the rice-plant hopper wasps. Therefore, two egg parasitic bees are combined and released to the rice field in large batch, so that the parasitic rate of the rice planthopper eggs can be obviously increased, the control period is prolonged, and the control effect is improved.
Test example 2
1. According to the investigation result, the rice planthoppers in the 4-7 months of the control rice field and the demonstration tablet are mainly damaged by the sogatella furcifera, and the brown planthoppers are mainly damaged in the last ten days of 7 months.
2. The control indexes are as follows: the number of rice planthoppers captured per 100 clusters of rice plants is less than 1000.
3. The experimental method comprises the following steps: selecting a demonstration sheet of hundred mu of rice in Fujian, starting from the rice seedling raising in the late five months, releasing a large number of rice plantlet main stems of the rice plantlet thysanus and the plant hopper pseudo trichogramma offspring (developed to old larvae) to be placed at the rice field edge at the initial stage of rice plantlet outbreak, avoiding direct sunlight, keeping the rice plantlet main stems moist, and releasing the release amount by taking 1000-2000 eggs per mu of parasitic wasps as a standard, and releasing once every 14 days until the rice is harvested in the middle and the late ten days of the year nine months; the rice field is close to the rice field as a control, the parasitic wasps of the rice planthopper eggs are not released, and other conditions have no substantial difference. And a separation belt is arranged between the control rice field and the demonstration sheet, chemical pesticide prevention and treatment measures are not adopted, and five-point sampling investigation is carried out regularly.
4. Experimental data: see table 2 below.
TABLE 2
5. According to the regular five-point sampling investigation result, the rice planthoppers are harmful to the rice field in about 29 days of 6 months, and the number of the rice planthoppers in the control rice field and the egg parasitic wasp rice field exceeds the control index. Under the condition that other prevention measures, particularly chemical pesticide prevention measures, are not available, investigation data of 7 months and 12 days show that the number of rice planthoppers in the egg parasitic wasp demonstration rice field is reduced and lower than the prevention index, and the number of rice planthoppers in the comparison rice field is in an ascending burst trend. The results show that the mixed release of the two rice planthoppers and the egg parasitic wasps has remarkable control effect on the rice planthoppers.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs is characterized by comprising the steps of mixed production and mixed release of two rice planthopper egg parasitic bees, namely rice planthopper wasps and plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma.
2. The method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 1, wherein the mixed production of the rice planthopper wasps and the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s1, in an insect raising cage, artificially raising brown planthopper short-wing female adults which emerge for 24-48 hours, isolating the brown planthopper short-wing female adults from males, and continuously raising the brown planthopper short-wing female adults to a sexually mature state by using live rice seedlings which grow for 8-12 days, so that a large number of brown planthopper virgins are obtained;
s2, placing live rice seedlings growing for 28-32 days into the insect-raising cage, allowing adult brown planthoppers to produce unfertilized eggs, taking out the live rice seedlings after 48 hours, removing adult brown planthoppers inhabiting on the seedlings, and placing the live rice seedlings into the insect-raising cage;
s3, putting female adults of artificially raised rice-plant hopper wasps and female adults of pseudo-trichogramma planthoppers into the insect raising cages, searching unfertilized eggs of brown planthoppers on rice live seedlings, parasitizing the unfertilized eggs, and collecting the rice live seedlings after 48 hours, so that mixed production of the rice-plant hopper wasps and the pseudo-trichogramma planthoppers is realized.
3. The method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the ratio of the addition amount of the rice planthopper pseudo trichogramma female adults to the brown planthopper short wing female adults is 1-3:1-3:1.
4. The method for improving parasitic effects of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the live rice seedling is a main stem with a leaf portion cut off.
5. The method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 2, wherein the mixed release of the rice planthopper wasps and the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma comprises the following steps:
s4, after undergoing a development period of 10-15 days of the parasitic wasps of the rice planthoppers, placing the live rice seedlings carrying the offspring of the rice planthoppers, the planthoppers and the pseudo trichogramma of the rice planthoppers obtained in the step S3 on the rice field edges at the initial stage of the outbreak of the rice planthoppers, avoiding direct sunlight and keeping main stems of the live rice seedlings moist;
s5, after two kinds of rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are eclosion, the two kinds of rice planthopper egg parasitic bees are sequentially drilled out, the rice planthopper eggs are flown into a rice field to find out the rice planthopper eggs to continue to spawn and parasitic, and the step S4 is repeated every 10-15 days according to the development period of the egg parasitic bees.
6. The method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the rice planthopper wasps are amphiprotic reproduction and amphiprotic parthenogenesis and androgenic parthenogenesis lines; the plant hopper pseudo-trichogramma is a parthenogenesis strain for producing females.
7. The method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthopper eggs according to claim 6, wherein the planthopper pseudo-trichogramma is infected with Wolbachia Wolbachia to become in vivo intracellular symbiotic bacteria.
8. Use of the method for improving the parasitic effect of rice planthoppers according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in green prevention and control of rice planthoppers in paddy fields.
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