CN117642781A - 用于驾驶员辅助系统的布置 - Google Patents
用于驾驶员辅助系统的布置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117642781A CN117642781A CN202380010461.4A CN202380010461A CN117642781A CN 117642781 A CN117642781 A CN 117642781A CN 202380010461 A CN202380010461 A CN 202380010461A CN 117642781 A CN117642781 A CN 117642781A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- vehicle
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- mirror structure
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其包括:‑用于发射红外辐射的辐射源(7),‑用于接收红外辐射的辐射接收器(8、8.1),‑具有掩蔽条带(5.4)和反射红外辐射的镜面结构(5.5)的载具装配玻璃(5),其中辐射接收器(8)具有光传感器(8.2)。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于驾驶员辅助系统的布置,所述布置具有载具装配玻璃、用于发射红外辐射的辐射源和用于接收红外辐射的辐射接收器。此外,本发明涉及用于监控载具使用者的系统和方法。
在机动载具中,特别是在轿车中,经常使用驾驶员辅助系统。驾驶员辅助系统在载具的引导中支持驾驶员例如通过在存在碰撞风险时的自动制动干预或者自动车道保持。此类驾驶员辅助系统可以包括对驾驶员的监控以便及早检测驾驶员疲劳。其中通过红外辐射扫描驾驶员面部的系统是已知的。检测驾驶员的观察方向和持续时间,以便推断驾驶员的疲劳状态。驾驶员辅助系统通常包括用于发射红外辐射的辐射源和用于接收红外辐射的辐射接收器,它们通常是独立的组件,但是通常布置在同一组装件中。布置辐射源,使得红外辐射被直接引导到驾驶员的面部且特别是眼睛区域上。红外辐射从驾驶员面部反射并随后直接被辐射接收器(例如摄影机)检测。在这种类型的驾驶员辅助系统中,必须布置辐射源和辐射接收器以便自由观察驾驶员的面部。
US2010/253526A1公开了一种用于警告困倦驾驶员的方法,其中通过传感器来监控载具的驾驶员。如果检测到驾驶员的困倦状态,则在透明的前屏幕平视显示器上出现警告。
US2006/0066508A1描述了一种用于载具的HUD显示系统,其具有布置在层合载体上的发光材料,其中材料也可以位于载体的层之间。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统的改进的布置,其具有载具装配玻璃、辐射源和辐射接收器。
该目的通过独立权利要求中规定的发明来实现。优选实施方案由从属权利要求显而易见。
用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统的根据本发明的布置包括用于发射红外辐射的辐射源、用于接收红外辐射的辐射接收器和载具装配玻璃。该载具装配玻璃具有经由热塑性中间层彼此连接的外层玻璃板和内层玻璃板。此外,载具装配玻璃包括至少一个掩蔽条带和用于反射红外和可见辐射的镜面结构。布置辐射源,使得红外辐射可以从镜面结构作为第一反射辐射反射到载具使用者的面部上,并且第一反射辐射可以从载具使用者的面部作为第二反射辐射反射到镜面结构上。布置辐射接收器,使得作为第三反射辐射的被镜面结构反射的第二反射辐射可以被反射至辐射接收器并由辐射接收器接收。此外,辐射接收器包括光传感器,其检测由镜面结构反射的光。根据本发明,通过光传感器扩展了对面部状态的监控,该光传感器检测由镜面结构反射的光束。通过图像数据提供关于载具使用者的面部的附加信息。
提供辐射接收器(特别是光传感器)用于检测具有380nm至780nm[纳米]的波长的辐射,即基本用于检测在辐射的可见光谱中的辐射,但也检测红外辐射。红外线应理解为指波长大于大约800nm的射线。光传感器检测面部的颜色状态,由此监控系统接收关于被监控的人的状态的附加信息。附加提供图像数据具有特别的优点,在于可以检测面部的更多细节,并由此可以进行改进的载具使用者的状态检测。例如,可以以视频信号的形式或以控制单元的图形文件的形式来获得图像数据。此外,视频数据可以用于视频电话。
提供镜面结构用于反射红外辐射和光。来自载具使用者(特别是载具驾驶员)的面部的光束在镜面结构上反射。布置辐射接收器,使得被镜面结构反射的光束作为光反射被反射至辐射接收器并可以被光传感器接收。换句话说,光传感器布置在被镜面结构反射的光束的光路中。提供辐射接收器用于检测载具使用者的面部状态。除了总线系统(例如CAN总线系统)中的其它信息外,这些图像数据也被馈入。
辐射接收器可以布置在载具的仪表板(也称为控制台、操作面板或控制面板)上,特别是在方向盘附近。或者或此外,辐射接收器可以布置在载具的A柱、中央控制台、方向盘或后视镜上。
在一个有利的实施方案中,辐射接收器可以居中布置在载具的仪表板上。通过辐射接收器的这种布置,可以检测多个面部以便进行监控。可以便捷地设置辐射接收器用于检测驾驶员的面部状态和乘客的面部状态。
镜面结构特别适合作为镜子,其反射率可以是可变的,如在载具镜子的情况下。此外,镜面结构可包含铝和/或镍铬。
镜面结构可以布置在内层玻璃板上。镜面结构可以布置在内层玻璃板与热塑性中间层之间。或者,镜面结构可以附着到内层玻璃板背对着中间层的表面(IV)上,这使得可以特别简单地制造。在这里,布置理解为是指镜面结构在玻璃板上的直接布置和在玻璃板上的间接布置。例如,至少一个其它层可以布置在玻璃板与镜面结构之间。通过在内层玻璃板上布置镜面结构,可以很好地反射朝向内层玻璃板的图像显示装置的光。
在一个优选实施方案中,镜面结构可以布置在载具装配玻璃(特别是作为挡风玻璃)的边缘区域中。如果镜面结构布置在边缘区域中,则优选布置在挡风玻璃的边缘、特别是下部边缘的附近。镜面结构和内层玻璃板的边缘之间的距离优选为0.1至30cm、特别优选1至15cm、并且特别是5至10cm。镜面结构在边缘区域中的布置是特别合适的,因为在载具装配玻璃的许多可能的使用中,透视区域通常位于装配玻璃的中心区域中。由此,即使当镜面结构以半透明(部分反射)或完全反射的状态被打开时,也不会影响透过装配玻璃的视野。
在另一优选的实施方案中,镜面结构可以在从内层玻璃板出发穿过载具装配玻璃的观察方向上布置在不透明掩蔽条带的前方,其中不透明掩蔽条带充当不透明背景,并布置在至少在内层玻璃板的表面(III、IV)和/或外层玻璃板的表面(I、II)中的一个上的区域中。这实现了投射到载具装配玻璃上的图像的良好的高对比度图像显示。被镜面结构反射的图像被特别明亮地反射,并由此非常清晰可辨。镜面结构和不透明掩蔽条带可以通过中间层和/或通过内层玻璃板彼此分离。镜面结构与掩蔽条带之间的距离可以小于3毫米。在小于3毫米的距离处,实现非常清晰的反射图像。
掩蔽条带优选是不透明的。原则上,布置在至少在外层玻璃板或内层玻璃板的表面(I、II、III)中的一个上的区域中的不透明掩蔽条带可以布置在玻璃板的每一侧上。在根据本发明的载具装配玻璃(特别是作为挡风玻璃)中,其优选施加到外层玻璃板的面向中间层的表面(II)上,在这里其受到保护以免受外部影响。
掩蔽条带优选是一个或多个层的涂层。但是,替代地,其也可以是插入到复合玻璃板的不透明元件,例如膜。
根据复合玻璃板的一个优选实施方案,掩蔽条带由单个层组成。这具有特别简单和成本有效地制造复合玻璃板的优点,因为仅需要形成用于掩蔽条带的单个层。
特别是在挡风玻璃的情况下,掩蔽条带用于掩蔽用于将挡风玻璃粘合到载具主体中的胶滴。这意味着,其防止通常不规则地施加的胶滴从外部可见,从而产生挡风玻璃的和谐的整体印象。另一方面,掩蔽条带用作所用粘合剂材料的UV防护。UV光的永久照射会破坏粘合剂材料,并且随着时间的推移将破坏玻璃板与载具主体之间的连接。在具有电可控的镜面结构的玻璃板的情况下,掩蔽条带也可以用于例如覆盖母线和/或连接元件。
掩蔽条带特别以丝网印刷方法印刷到外层玻璃板和/或内层玻璃板上。在这种情况下,印刷墨穿过细网眼织物印刷到玻璃板上。在这里,印刷墨例如用橡胶刮刀挤压穿过织物。除印刷墨不可透的区域外,织物还具有印刷墨可透的区域,由此确定印刷品的几何形状。织物由此用作印刷品的模板。印刷墨含有至少一种颜料和玻璃料,其悬浮在液相(溶剂)中,例如水或有机溶剂如醇。颜料通常为黑色颜料,例如颜料炭黑、苯胺黑、骨黑、氧化铁黑、尖晶石黑和/或石墨。
在用印刷墨印刷后,对玻璃板施以温度处理,其中通过蒸发排出液相,并且玻璃料熔融并永久地粘结到玻璃表面上。温度处理通常在450℃至700℃的温度下进行。颜料作为掩蔽条带保留在由熔融玻璃料形成的玻璃基质中。掩蔽条带优选具有5μm至50μm、特别优选8μm至25μm的厚度。
如已经描述的那样,掩蔽条带可以基本上布置在内层玻璃板或外层玻璃板的每个玻璃板侧上。在根据本发明的载具装配玻璃中,优选将其施加在外层玻璃板的第二表面(内侧)II上的安装位置,在该位置处其受到保护以免受外部影响。
或者或此外,掩蔽条带是着色或染色的、优选黑色染色的热塑性复合膜,其优选基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(Ethylvinylacetat)(EVA)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),优选PVB。复合膜的着色或染色是可以自由选择的,但优选黑色。着色或染色的复合膜优选布置在内层玻璃板与外层玻璃板之间。着色或染色的热塑性复合膜优选具有0.25mm至1mm的厚度。优选地,着色或染色的复合膜在复合玻璃板的面积的至多50%、并且特别优选至多30%上延伸。为了避免复合玻璃板的厚度差异,另一透明热塑性复合膜优选布置在内层玻璃板(例如第一玻璃板)和外层玻璃板(例如第二玻璃板)之间,并在载具装配玻璃(复合玻璃板)的面积的至少50%、优选至少70%上延伸。在载具装配玻璃的表面平面中,着色或染色的复合膜与透明热塑性复合膜错开布置,使得它们不彼此重叠或覆盖。
掩蔽条带还可以由在区域中染色或着色的热塑性复合膜来提供。在这种情况下,镜面结构在空间上布置在热塑性复合膜的染色或着色区域的前方。复合膜的染色或着色优选在复合玻璃板的面积的至多50%、并且特别优选至多30%上延伸。部分染色或着色的热塑性复合膜的其余部分是透明的,也就是说没有染色或着色。部分染色或着色的热塑性复合膜优选在作为载具装配玻璃的复合玻璃板的整个面积上延伸。掩蔽条带作为染色或着色的热塑性复合膜或作为部分染色或着色的热塑性复合膜的实施方案简化了复合玻璃板的生产并改善了其稳定性。如果不必为了产生不透明背景而预先涂覆内层玻璃板或外层玻璃板的话,这是非常有利的。一方面,这提高了复合玻璃板的稳定性,并进一步改善了工艺效率。
载具装配玻璃可以具有至少一个功能层,特别是反射红外辐射的功能层。该功能层布置在外层玻璃板或内层玻璃板的表面上,并且部分但优选在大面积上覆盖或叠加相应玻璃板的表面。表述“在大面积上”是指玻璃板表面的至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少75%或优选至少90%被功能层覆盖(例如涂覆)。
功能层优选对可见光透明。在有利的实施方案中,功能层是单层或总厚度小于或等于2μrn、特别优选小于或等于1μrn的几个单个层的层结构。在本发明的含义中,“透明”是指载具装配玻璃(例如挡风玻璃)的总透射率符合法律规定,并优选具有超过70%且特别超过75%的可见光透射率。相应地,“不透明”是指小于15%、优选小于5%、特别是0%的透光率。光透射率(TL)和反射率(RL)的值(如对汽车装配玻璃而言是常见的)是指光类型A,即在380nm至780nm的波长处的太阳光的可见比例,即基本上太阳辐射的可见光谱。红外线理解为是指波长大于大约800nm的射线。
在另一有利的实施方案中,载具装配玻璃具有至少一个用于反射p偏振光的功能层。功能层可以布置在内层玻璃板与外层玻璃板之间,优选在内层玻璃板背对着载具内部的一侧上。当透过载具装配玻璃观察时,功能层可以从内层玻璃板的内侧开始在空间上布置在掩蔽条带的前方。掩蔽条带可以布置在内层玻璃板的外侧上或外层玻璃板的内侧上。功能层优选是透明的。
表述“当透过载具装配玻璃观察时”是指人的视野从内层玻璃板的内侧开始穿过载具装配玻璃。在本发明的含义中,“空间上在......前方”是指功能层在空间上比至少掩蔽条带更远离外层玻璃板的外侧布置。
术语p偏振光是指来自可见光谱范围的光,其大部分由具有p偏振的光组成。p偏振光优选具有≥50%、优选≥70%、和特别优选≥90%,且特别是大约100%的具有p偏振的光比例。偏振方向的指示在本文中是指辐射在复合玻璃板上的入射平面。电场在入射平面中振荡的辐射由p偏振辐射表示。电场垂直于入射平面振荡的辐射由s偏振辐射表示。入射平面被入射矢量和复合玻璃板在照射区域的几何中心的表面法线跨越。功能层被设计为适于反射图像显示装置的光。功能层优选反射30%或更多、优选50%或更多、非常特别70%或更多、和特别为90%或更多的从图像显示装置入射在功能层上的p偏振光。
功能层优选包括至少一种选自铝、锡、钛、铜、铬、钴、铁、锰、锆、铈、钇、银、金、铂和钯的金属或其混合物。
在根据本发明的布置的另一实施方案中,功能层是含有薄膜堆叠体的涂层,即薄的单个层的层序列。该薄膜堆叠体含有一个或多个基于银的导电层。基于银的导电层赋予该功能涂层基本的反射性质以及IR反射效果和导电性。导电层基于银形成。导电层优选含有至少90重量%的银、特别优选至少99重量%的银、非常特别优选至少99.9重量%的银。银层可以具有掺杂,例如钯、金、铜或铝掺杂。银基材料特别适于反射p偏振光。在功能层中使用银已经证明在反射p偏振光方面特别有利。涂层具有5μm至50μm、且优选8μm至25μm的厚度。
在根据本发明的布置的另一实施方案中,辐射接收器包括光传感器。光传感器优选可以设计为光电二极管或摄影机。
根据本发明的改进,辐射接收器和至少一个辐射源可以设计为模块,即结构单元,其中光传感器居中布置,并且至少一个辐射源布置在辐射接收器的侧面。
外层玻璃板和内层玻璃板优选含有或由玻璃组成,所述玻璃特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃,或含有或由透明塑料材料组成,所述透明塑料材料优选硬质透明塑料材料,特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或其混合物。外层玻璃板和内层玻璃板可以具有本身已知的其它合适的涂层,例如抗反射涂层、不粘涂层、耐刮擦涂层、光催化涂层或防晒涂层或低辐射涂层。单个玻璃板(外层玻璃板和内层玻璃板)的厚度可以宽泛地变化,并且可以适应个别情况的需要。优选地,使用具有0.5mm至5mm且优选1.0mm至2.5mm的标准厚度的玻璃板。玻璃板的尺寸可以宽泛地变化并且取决于用途。
热塑性中间层含有或由至少一种热塑性聚合物组成,所述热塑性聚合物优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚氨酯(PU)或其共聚物或衍生物,任选与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组合。但是,热塑性中间层还可以含有例如聚丙烯(PP)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸酯树脂、铸塑树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯、或其共聚物或混合物。热塑性中间层优选形成为至少一个热塑性复合膜,并且含有或由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和本领域技术人员已知的添加剂(例如增塑剂)组成。该热塑性中间层优选包含至少一种增塑剂。热塑性中间层可以由单个膜或者也可以由多于一个膜形成。热塑性中间层可以由一个布置在另一个上的一个或多个热塑性膜形成,其中热塑性中间层的厚度优选为0.25mm至1mm、通常为0.38mm或0.76mm。
本发明还扩展到一种用于监控载具驾驶员的系统,该系统包括根据本发明的布置、至少一个致动器和/或至少一个信号输出装置,以及电子控制装置,提供该电子控制装置以便基于辐射接收器的输出信号来确定关于驾驶员的信息。基于确定的信息,将电信号输出到用于执行机械动作的至少一个致动器和/或输出到用于输出光学和/或声学信号的至少一个信号输出装置。
此外,本发明扩展到一种用于监控载具使用者、特别是载具驾驶员的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-生成辐射并将辐射发射到载具装配玻璃的镜面结构上,使得被所述镜面结构反射的辐射照射在载具使用者面部上作为第一反射辐射,其中第一反射辐射从载具使用者的面部照射在镜面结构上作为第二反射辐射,并被镜面结构反射作为第三反射辐射,
-接收第三反射辐射和来自所述载具使用者面部的光反射,
-确定关于载具使用者的信息,
-基于确定的关于载具使用者的信息来执行动作和/或输出光学和/或声学信号。
此外,本发明扩展至根据本发明的布置在用于陆地、水上或空中交通的机动载具的监控载具使用者的驾驶员辅助系统中的用途。
本发明的各种实施方案可以单独或以任意组合来实施。特别地,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,上文提及和下文解释的特征不仅可以以规定组合使用,还可以以其它组合或单独地使用。
在下文中,参照附图和实施方案更详细地解释本发明。附图是示意性图示且不按比例。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
在附图中:
图1显示了根据本发明的布置的示意图,
图2显示了图1的载具装配玻璃的平面图,
图3显示了载具装配玻璃的第一实施方案的横截面图,以及
图4显示了载具装配玻璃的第二实施方案的横截面图。
具有数值的数据通常不应理解为精确值,而是还包括+/-1%直至+/-10%的公差。
图1显示了根据本发明的布置1的示意图。根据本发明的布置1包括载具的载具装配玻璃5。载具装配玻璃5例如是设计为挡风玻璃的复合玻璃板,其具有通过热塑性中间层5.3固定地互连的外层玻璃板5.1和内层玻璃板5.2。载具装配玻璃5将载具内部10与外部环境分开。外层玻璃板5.1和内层玻璃板5.2各自由玻璃、优选热预加应力的钠钙玻璃组成,并且对可见光是透明的。热塑性中间层5.3由热塑性材料组成,所述热塑性材料优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
外层玻璃板5.1具有背对热塑性中间层的第一表面I和面向热塑性中间层的第二表面II。同样,内层玻璃板5.2具有面向热塑性中间层的第一表面III和背对热塑性中间层的第二表面VI。外层玻璃板5.2的第二表面II和内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面III由此各自面对中间层5.3。外层玻璃板5.1的第一表面I是载具装配玻璃5的外表面。内层玻璃板5.2的第二表面IV是载具装配玻璃5的内侧。
在内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面III上施加功能层5.6,也称为反射层。提供功能层5.6以便反射p偏振光。其是透明的。功能层5.6例如是金属涂层,其含有至少一个薄膜堆叠体,该薄膜堆叠体具有至少一个银层和介电层。可以提供布置在载具中的图像显示装置(例如LCD)以生成p偏振辐射并可以指向功能层5.6,使得其被内层玻璃板5.2以p偏振光照射。
此外,载具装配玻璃5在外层玻璃板5.1上具有以类似框架的方式在周边延伸的掩蔽条带5.4。掩蔽条带5.4是不透明的,优选黑色的。掩蔽条带5.4用于覆盖布置在载具装配玻璃5.4的内侧上的粘合粘结和连接结构。掩蔽条带5.4也可以分布在边缘区域9的下部(发动机侧)部分。为此,边缘区域9的该部分的宽度大于载具装配玻璃5的边缘区域9的上部(顶侧)部分的宽度。宽度理解为是指掩蔽条带5.4垂直于其延伸的尺寸。
载具装配玻璃5还包括镜面结构5.5,其位于内层玻璃板5.2上并且在空间上位于掩蔽条带5.4的前方。不透明掩蔽条带5.4用作不透明背景。镜面结构5.5例如是镜面膜,其中掩蔽条带5.4在透过装配玻璃的观察方向上完全覆盖镜面膜。镜面结构可以包含铝或镍铬。提供镜面结构5.5用于反射红外辐射和光。
特别地,镜面结构5.5具有可以电切换的反射性质。换句话说,镜面结构5.5的反射率在第一操作模式中可以不同于在第二操作模式中。为此,镜面结构5.5可以具有两个平坦的控制电极。镜面结构4可以从特别是光学透明的状态(即“非反射”状态)切换为半透明状态或反射状态(镜像状态)。半透明状态是透明状态和反射状态之间的中间状态,使得镜面结构5.5可以变暗。如果在镜面结构5.5的区域中用图像照射载具装配玻璃5,这些图像被反射。在不透明掩蔽条带5.4之前,被镜面结构5.5反射的图像看起来明亮且清晰可见。
镜面结构5.5布置在内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面III上,其中透明功能层5.6施加到表面III上。镜面结构5.5可以布置在内层玻璃板5.2与热塑性中间层5.3之间。因为镜面结构5.5位于内层玻璃板5.2的第二表面III上,其在那里受到保护以免受环境影响和污染。或者,如图4中所示,镜面结构5.5可以连接到内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面(IV)上。
镜面结构5.5布置在载具装配玻璃5的下部边缘附近的边缘区域9中。镜子结构5.5与外层玻璃板5.1的边缘之间的距离可以为6cm、8cm或10cm。或者或此外,镜面结构5.5可以布置在边缘区域9的上部部分中或布置在边缘区域9的侧面部分上。在边缘侧的布置在载具装配玻璃5的作为挡风玻璃的用途与实施方案中当然是有利和方便的,以便满足对驾驶员的视野的规定要求。镜面结构5.5可以以平面方式内聚地成型,特别是一体式成型。镜面结构5.5特别可以沿着载具装配玻璃5的下部边缘延伸,从而可以生成周向图像(从一个侧边缘到相对的侧边缘)。镜面结构5.5在若干、例如三个或四个部分中延伸,所述部分布置在下部(发动机侧)边缘区域9中。
此外,布置1包括用于发射红外辐射13的辐射源7和用于接收红外辐射(IR)和光的辐射接收器8,其安装在模块(结构单元)中。辐射接收器8包括用于接收红外辐射的红外传感器8.1和用于检测光的光传感器8.2。光传感器8.2提供与红外传感器8.1不同的(检测)信息。在这里,模块例如安装在仪表板6(也称为操作台)的后部区域中。或者或此外,辐射接收器8可以居中布置在载具的仪表板上。借助辐射接收器8的这种布置,可以同时检测多个面部。
定位辐射源7,使得红外辐射13指向内层玻璃板5.2的表面IV并在那里被镜面结构5.5反射到载具使用者3的面部作为第一反射辐射14。布置辐射源7,使得红外辐射落到载具使用者3的面部,并且特别是他们的眼睛区域。第一反射辐射14仅在载具装配玻璃5的边缘区域9中从镜面结构5.5反射并且从前方照射在载具使用者3的面部上。第一反射辐射14从载具使用者3的面部作为第二反射辐射15在镜面结构5.5的方向上反射。第二反射辐射15从镜面结构5.5作为第三反射辐射16被反射到辐射接收器8上并在那里被红外传感器8.1检测。光束11被载具使用者3的面部在镜面结构5.5的方向上反射,并且作为来自光传感器8.2的光反射12被镜面结构5.5检测。
图2显示了图1的载具装配玻璃的平面图。在图2的平面图中,镜面结构5.5布置在沿着载具装配玻璃5的边缘区域9的下部部分的延伸部中。在显示的该实施方案中,镜面结构5.5与内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面(III)直接接触。镜面结构5.2一体式成型。或者,镜面结构5.2可以分成若干部分。部分的数量可以宽泛地变化。镜面结构5.5可以被分成2、4、6或8个部分。
图3显示了在镜面结构5.5的区域中的载具装配玻璃5的第一实施方案的横截面图。图3的横截面图对应于镜面结构5.5的区域Z中的剖面线A-A’(图2)。掩蔽条带5.4优选作为陶瓷黑色印刷品施加到外层玻璃板5.1的第二表面II上。在第一实施方案中,掩蔽条带5.4由含有不透明的、不导电的材料的涂层组成,例如烧制的黑色着色丝网印刷墨。
镜面结构5.5布置在内层玻璃板5.2上,其中透明功能层5.6施加到内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面III上。在该实施方案中,镜面结构5.5和掩蔽条带5.4通过热塑性中间层5.3彼此分隔。这里,镜面结构5.5与掩蔽条带5.4之间的距离可以小于3毫米,例如0.76毫米或0.38毫米。在小于3毫米的距离处,获得非常清晰的反射图像。
图4显示了载具装配玻璃5的另一实施方案在镜面结构5.5的区域中的横截面图。图4的横截面图对应于镜面结构5.5的区域Z中的剖面线A-A’(图2)。掩蔽条带5.4优选作为陶瓷黑色印刷品施加到外层玻璃板5.1的第二表面II上。在另一实施方案中,掩蔽条带5.4不仅由含有不透明、不导电的材料的涂层构成,例如烧制的黑色着色丝网印刷墨。此外,载具装配玻璃5具有作为另一掩蔽条带5.4’的插入的不透明元件。另一掩蔽条带5.4’是着色的热塑性中间层,例如着色或染色的PVB膜。与图3中的实施方案相比,镜面结构5.5并非位于外层玻璃板5.1与热塑性中间层5.3之间,而是位于内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面IV上。
在该实施方案中,布置在表面II上的掩蔽条带5.4和另一掩蔽条带5.4’通过热塑性中间层5.3彼此分隔。掩蔽条带5.4与5.4’之间的距离可以小于3毫米、例如0.76毫米或0.38毫米。在该实施方案中,镜面结构5.5和掩蔽条带5.4’通过内层玻璃板5.2彼此分隔。另一掩蔽条带5.4’布置在内层玻璃板5.2上,其中透明功能层5.6施加到内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面III上。
在镜面结构5.5的面向载具内部10的表面上可以布置保护层。该保护层相对周围气氛密封镜面结构5.5的表面。提供的保护层由此至少在镜面结构5.5的区域中形成载具装配玻璃5的第一外表面,该第一外表面在安装位置中指向内部并且保护该内部和镜面结构5.5有利地免受外部影响和污染。保护层可以形成为疏水膜,其是具有对沉积物(例如液体、盐、脂肪和污垢)的良好抗性的涂层。例如,在被使用者触摸时,可以避免产生指纹。
附图标记名单:
1 布置
2 载具
3 载具使用者
5 载具装配玻璃
5.1 外层玻璃板
5.2 内层玻璃板
5.3 中间层
5.4 掩蔽条带
5.5 镜面结构
5.6 功能层
6 仪表板
7 辐射源
8 辐射接收器
8.1 IR传感器
8.2 光传感器
9 边缘区域
10 载具内部
11 光束
12 光反射
13 红外辐射
14 第一反射辐射
15 第二反射辐射
16 第三反射辐射
100 驾驶员辅助系统
I 外层玻璃板5.1的第一表面(外侧)
II 外层玻璃板5.1的第二表面(内侧)
III 内层玻璃板5.2的第一表面(外侧)
IV 内层玻璃板5.2的第二表面(内侧)
A-A’ 剖面线
Z 放大区域
Claims (15)
1.用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其包括:
-用于发射红外辐射的辐射源(7),
-用于接收红外辐射的辐射接收器(8、8.1),
-由经由热塑性中间层(5.3)彼此连接的外层玻璃板(5.1)和内层玻璃板(5.2)形成的载具装配玻璃(5),
其中所述载具装配玻璃(5)具有掩蔽条带(5.4)和反射红外辐射的镜面结构(5.5),
其中布置所述辐射源(7),使得红外辐射(13)可以从所述镜面结构(5.5)作为第一反射辐射(14)反射到载具使用者(3)的面部上,并且第一反射辐射(14)可以从载具使用者(3)的面部作为第二反射辐射(15)反射到镜面结构(5.4)上,
其中布置所述辐射接收器(8),使得作为第三反射辐射(16)的被镜面结构(5.5)反射的第二反射辐射(15)可以被反射至辐射接收器(8)并由辐射接收器(8)接收,并且
其中所述辐射接收器(8)具有光传感器(8.2)。
2.根据权利要求1的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中光束(11)可以从载具使用者(3)的面部反射到镜面结构(5.4)上,并且其中布置辐射接收器(8)以使得作为光反射(12)被镜面结构(5.5)反射的光束(11)可以被反射至辐射接收器(8)并被光传感器(8.2)接收。
3.根据权利要求1或2的用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中提供辐射接收器(8)用于检测载具使用者(3)的面部状态。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中提供光传感器(8.2)用于检测面部的颜色状态。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述辐射接收器(8)可以布置在载具(2)的仪表板上。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述辐射接收器(8)可以居中布置在载具(2)的仪表板上,并且其中提供所述辐射接收器(8)用于检测驾驶员的面部状态和乘客的面部状态。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述镜面结构(5.5)包含铝或镍铬。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述镜面结构(5.5)在透过载具装配玻璃(5)的观察方向上布置在掩蔽条带(5.4)的前方。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述镜面结构(5.5)布置在所述复合玻璃板(10)的边缘区域(9)中。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述掩蔽条带是不透明的。
11.根据权利要求1至10任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述掩蔽条带(5.4)设计为涂层和/或插入的不透明元件。
12.根据权利要求1至11任一项的用于载具的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述载具装配玻璃(5)具有至少一个用于反射p偏振光(10)的功能层(5.6)。
13.根据权利要求1至12任一项的用于载具(2)的驾驶员辅助系统(100)的布置(1),其中所述辐射接收器(8)与所述至少一个辐射源设计为模块,其中所述辐射接收器(8)居中布置,并且所述至少一个辐射源布置在所述辐射接收器(8)的侧面。
14.用于监控载具(2)的载具使用者(3)的系统,其包括:
-根据前述权利要求任一项的布置,
-至少一个致动器和/或至少一个信号输出装置,
-电子控制装置,提供所述电子控制装置以便基于辐射接收器的输出信号来确定关于载具使用者的信息,并基于确定的信息将电信号输出到用于执行机械动作的至少一个致动器和/或输出到用于输出光学和/或声学信号的至少一个信号输出装置。
15.用于监控载具(2)的载具使用者(3)的方法,包括以下步骤:
-生成红外辐射并将红外辐射发射到载具装配玻璃的镜面结构上,使得被所述镜面结构(5.5)反射的辐射照射在载具使用者(3)面部上作为第一反射辐射(14),其中所述第一反射辐射(14)从载具使用者(3)的面部照射在镜面结构上作为第二反射辐射(15),并被镜面结构(5.5)反射作为第三反射辐射(16),
-接收第三反射辐射(16)和来自所述载具使用者(3)面部的光反射(12),
-确定关于载具使用者(3)的信息,
-基于确定的关于载具使用者(3)的信息来执行动作和/或输出光学和/或声学信号。
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