CN117626676A - 一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN117626676A
CN117626676A CN202311708089.2A CN202311708089A CN117626676A CN 117626676 A CN117626676 A CN 117626676A CN 202311708089 A CN202311708089 A CN 202311708089A CN 117626676 A CN117626676 A CN 117626676A
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composite fabric
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唐林海
张瑞云
刘驰
聂华丽
吴薇
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Jiangsu Chenyue High New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法,属于功能面料技术领域。该面料由聚氨酯基功能涂料和尼龙基布通过涂布法复合而成,其中,功能涂料中引入一种改性成孔助剂,其以乙二硫醇与对三氟甲基氯苄取代反应,引入巯基修饰,制成中间体1,由小分子量端羟基硅油与甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷取代反应,形成羟基封端且具有支链双键的含硅链中间体2,通过中间体1和中间体2点击反应,将中间体1接枝到中间体2的侧链上,其参与聚氨酯嵌段聚合,向聚合链的侧链引入含支状含氟基团,与聚氨酯基体具有离析作用,复合后配合拉伸工艺,有利于形成均匀的微孔隙,同时,引入的氟硅结构提高聚氨酯基体的拒水和耐水性能,表现出优异的耐洗性。

Description

一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能面料技术领域,具体地,涉及一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展,人民生活质量的不断提高,对服装功能性的需求也越来越多,特别是在运动服装面料上,如冲锋衣、登山服、雨衣等,需要具备较好的防水透湿性能。这不仅需要防止雨雪透过织物,同时还要让人体排出的汗液以水汽的形式通过织物转移到体外,以保证穿着的舒适性。近些年来,防水透湿织物迅猛发展,它的应用领域也不单局限在军需用品和医疗防护用品领域,也正迅速扩张到户外休闲运动服装及装备领域。
目前的防水透湿面料基本上分为高密织物、涂层面料和层压面料,其中,高密织物透湿性好但防水性有限;层压面料是通过将具有微孔结构膜材通过粘合剂与织物复合,具有良好的防水透湿性,但其成型工艺复杂,现有技术中的微孔膜材多以静电纺丝成型,生产成本居高不下;涂层面料是将成膜材料与织物涂覆复合,工序简单、生产成本更低,是实现批量化生产防水透湿面料的主要方法,但是,涂层面料普遍透湿性不高,一般仅能达到6kg/m2·24h,且以聚氨酯为主流的涂层耐水性较差,在面料擦洗过程中易导致涂层破坏,进而导致防水性急剧恶化。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种耐洗透湿复合面料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法如下:
步骤S1:将聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在氮气保护下混合,升温至80-90℃,施加150-200rpm机械搅拌,恒温反应35-45min,反应结束迅速降温至50℃以下,得到预聚物;
进一步地,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇的-NCO/-OH的比值为1.8-2.1。
步骤S2:向预聚物中加入改性成孔助剂、氯化石蜡和双吗啉基乙基醚混合,控制温度为60-70℃,施加80-120rpm机械搅拌,反应1.3-1.6h,再加入1,4-丁二醇,继续升温至80±2℃,反应直至-NCO含量为8%,用丙酮调节粘度,得到功能涂料;
进一步地,预聚物与改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-NCO/-OH值为1.3-1.5,改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-OH含量比为1:0.2-0.3。
步骤S3:将功能涂料刮涂在尼龙基布表面,在40-50℃预烘制5-8min,浸入乙醇溶液中浸洗,再于70℃烘制10-15min,之后单向拉伸、收卷,得到耐洗透湿复合面料。
进一步地,单向拉伸温度为50±2℃,单向拉伸力为3.5-4kg。
所述改性成孔助剂由以下方法制备:
步骤A1:将乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮在氮气保护下混匀,升温至42-48℃,施加420-540rpm机械搅拌,缓慢匀速加入对三氟甲基氯苄,控制总加入反应时间为3-4h,反应结束旋蒸脱除丙酮并带出过量乙二硫醇,加入无氧水混洗,去除水相,真空干燥,得到中间体1;
进一步地,对三氟甲基氯苄、乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮的用量比为0.1mol:0.11-0.12mol:8-10mL:60-75mL,以三乙胺为缚酸剂,促进乙二硫醇与对三氟甲基氯苄取代反应,向对三氟甲基氯苄分子中引入巯基修饰。
步骤A2:将小分子量端羟基硅油和四氢呋喃混匀,升温至70-75℃回流,施加180-240rpm机械搅拌,采用碱式干燥剂吸收尾气,间断加入甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷,控制总加入反应时间为5-7h,反应结束减压旋蒸脱除四氢呋喃,得到中间体2;
进一步地,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和小分子量端羟基硅油的羟基含量摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5,优选小分子量羟基硅油的室温粘度不高于40mm2/s,小分子量端羟基硅油与甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷取代反应,形成羟基封端且具有支链双键的硅链。
步骤A3:将中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺混溶,升温至80-90℃,施加120-180rpm机械搅拌,反应5.5-6.5h,反应结束加入去离子水混洗,去除水相,真空脱水,得到改性成孔助剂;
进一步地,中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量比为0.1mol:150-200g:0.6-0.9g:90-110mL,二甲基苯基膦为催化剂,促进中间体1分子中的巯基与中间体2支链上的双键点击反应,将中间体1接枝到中间体2的侧链上。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明将聚氨酯基功能涂料和尼龙基布通过涂布法复合制成面料,获得良好的耐洗性能和稳定的透湿性能;本发明在功能涂料中引入一种改性成孔助剂,其以乙二硫醇与对三氟甲基氯苄取代反应,向对三氟甲基氯苄分子中引入巯基修饰,制成中间体1,由小分子量端羟基硅油与甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷取代反应,形成羟基封端且具有支链双键的含硅链中间体2,通过中间体1和中间体2点击反应,将中间体1接枝到中间体2的侧链上;该改性成孔助剂参与聚氨酯嵌段聚合,向聚合链的侧链引入含支状含氟基团,氟基团与聚氨酯基体具有离析作用,复合后配合拉伸工艺,有利于形成均匀的微孔隙,有利于获得较高的透湿性,由于含氟基团位于聚合链的侧链,氟基团的离析作用对聚氨酯基体的力学性能影响较小,很大程度上保持了聚氨酯材料强韧性,从微观角度上来说,也保证了微孔隙结构的稳定性,进而在受静水压和擦洗过程中可保持良好的稳定性,另外,氟硅结构的引入提高聚氨酯基体的拒水和耐水性能,表现出优异的耐洗性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例制备耐洗透湿复合面料,具体实施过程如下:
1)制备改性成孔助剂
1.1、取乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮在氮气保护下投料混匀,升温至48℃,施加540rpm机械搅拌,在1h内缓慢匀速加入对三氟甲基氯苄,加入后继续恒温搅拌反应,控制对三氟甲基氯苄的总加入反应时间为3h,其中,对三氟甲基氯苄、乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮的用量比为0.1mol:0.12mol:10mL:75mL,反应结束旋蒸脱除丙酮并带出过量乙二硫醇,再加入旋蒸底物0.5倍质量的无氧水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥无水分析出,制得中间体1。
1.2、取小分子量端羟基硅油(实施例中均采用Chic204羟基硅油,粘度约为30mm2/s),将其与0.8倍质量的四氢呋喃投料混匀,升温至75℃回流,施加240rpm机械搅拌,采用含碱式干燥剂氧化钙的干燥管吸收尾气,取甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷分5次间断加入,每次间隔时间为30min,完全加入后继续恒温反应,控制总加入反应时间为5h,其中,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和小分子量端羟基硅油的羟基含量摩尔比为1:1.3,反应结束减压旋蒸脱除四氢呋喃,制得中间体2,反应产物中残余的过量羟基硅油不做处理,作为原料参与后续反应。
1.3、取中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺投料混溶,升温至90℃,施加180rpm机械搅拌,反应5.5h,其中,中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量比为0.1mol:150g:0.6g:90mL,反应结束加入产物2倍质量的去离子水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥脱水,制得改性成孔助剂。
2)制备功能涂料
2.1、取聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在氮气保护下投料混合,升温至90℃,施加200rpm机械搅拌,恒温反应35min,其中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇的-NCO/-OH的比值为1.8,反应结束强制换热降温,快速降温至50℃以下,制得预聚物。
2.2、取预聚物、改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇为底物,将预聚物、底物质量7%的52#氯化石蜡和底物质量0.12%的双吗啉基乙基醚混合,控制温度为70℃,施加120rpm机械搅拌,反应1.3h,再加入1,4-丁二醇,继续升温至80±2℃,检测-NCO含量为8%,加入丙酮降温并调节粘度为涂-4杯为30s左右,其中,预聚物与改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-NCO/-OH值为1.3,改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-OH含量比为1:0.3,制得功能涂料。
3)制备复合面料
取尼龙基布在表面刮涂功能涂料,控制刮涂量为35g/m2,采用隧道烘箱,控制温度为50℃预烘制5min,浸入质量分数为30%的乙醇溶液中浸洗,再置于70℃下烘制15min,之后对布料进行多辊单向拉伸,拉伸温度为50±2℃,辊间拉伸力为3.5kg,收卷即可制得耐洗透湿复合面料。
实施例2
本实施例制备耐洗透湿复合面料,具体实施过程如下:
1)制备改性成孔助剂
1.1、取乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮在氮气保护下投料混匀,升温至42℃,施加420rpm机械搅拌,在1.5h内缓慢匀速加入对三氟甲基氯苄,加入后继续恒温搅拌反应,控制对三氟甲基氯苄的总加入反应时间为4h,其中,对三氟甲基氯苄、乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮的用量比为0.1mol:0.11mol:8mL:60mL,反应结束旋蒸脱除丙酮并带出过量乙二硫醇,再加入旋蒸底物0.5倍质量的无氧水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥无水分析出,制得中间体1。
1.2、取小分子量端羟基硅油和其0.8倍质量的四氢呋喃投料混匀,升温至70℃回流,施加180rpm机械搅拌,采用含碱式干燥剂氧化钙的干燥管吸收尾气,取甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷分5次间断加入,每次间隔时间为50min,完全加入后继续恒温反应,控制总加入反应时间为7h,其中,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和小分子量端羟基硅油的羟基含量摩尔比为1:1.5,反应结束减压旋蒸脱除四氢呋喃,制得中间体2,反应产物中残余的过量羟基硅油不做处理,作为原料参与后续反应。
1.3、取中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺投料混溶,升温至80℃,施加120rpm机械搅拌,反应6.5h,其中,中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量比为0.1mol:200g:0.9g:110mL,反应结束加入产物2倍质量的去离子水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥脱水,制得改性成孔助剂。
2)制备功能涂料
2.1、取聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在氮气保护下投料混合,升温至80℃,施加150rpm机械搅拌,恒温反应45min,其中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇的-NCO/-OH的比值为2.1,反应结束强制换热降温,快速降温至50℃以下,制得预聚物。
2.2、取预聚物、改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇为底物,将预聚物、底物质量5%的52#氯化石蜡和底物质量0.15%的双吗啉基乙基醚混合,控制温度为60℃,施加80rpm机械搅拌,反应1.6h,再加入1,4-丁二醇,继续升温至80±2℃,检测-NCO含量为8%,加入丙酮降温并调节粘度为涂-4杯为30s左右,其中,预聚物与改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-NCO/-OH值为1.5,改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-OH含量比为1:0.2,制得功能涂料。
3)制备复合面料
取尼龙基布在表面刮涂功能涂料,控制刮涂量为35g/m2,采用隧道烘箱,控制温度为40℃预烘制8min,浸入质量分数为30%的乙醇溶液中浸洗,再置于70℃下烘制10min,之后对布料进行多辊单向拉伸,拉伸温度为50±2℃,辊间拉伸力为4kg,收卷即可制得耐洗透湿复合面料。
实施例3
本实施例制备耐洗透湿复合面料,具体实施过程如下:
1)制备改性成孔助剂
1.1、取乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮在氮气保护下投料混匀,升温至45℃,施加480rpm机械搅拌,在1.2h内缓慢匀速加入对三氟甲基氯苄,加入后继续恒温搅拌反应,控制对三氟甲基氯苄的总加入反应时间为3.5h,其中,对三氟甲基氯苄、乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮的用量比为0.1mol:0.11mol:9mL:70mL,反应结束旋蒸脱除丙酮并带出过量乙二硫醇,再加入旋蒸底物0.5倍质量的无氧水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥无水分析出,制得中间体1。
1.2、取小分子量端羟基硅油和其0.8倍质量的四氢呋喃投料混匀,升温至70℃回流,施加240rpm机械搅拌,采用含碱式干燥剂氧化钙的干燥管吸收尾气,取甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷分5次间断加入,每次间隔时间为40min,完全加入后继续恒温反应,控制总加入反应时间为6h,其中,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和小分子量端羟基硅油的羟基含量摩尔比为1:1.4,反应结束减压旋蒸脱除四氢呋喃,制得中间体2,反应产物中残余的过量羟基硅油不做处理,作为原料参与后续反应。
1.3、取中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺投料混溶,升温至85℃,施加180rpm机械搅拌,反应6h,其中,中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量比为0.1mol:180g:0.7g:100mL,反应结束加入产物2倍质量的去离子水混洗,分液去除水相,真空干燥脱水,制得改性成孔助剂。
2)制备功能涂料
2.1、取聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在氮气保护下投料混合,升温至85℃,施加180rpm机械搅拌,恒温反应40min,其中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇的-NCO/-OH的比值为1.9,反应结束强制换热降温,快速降温至50℃以下,制得预聚物。
2.2、取预聚物、改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇为底物,将预聚物、底物质量6%的52#氯化石蜡和底物质量0.13%的双吗啉基乙基醚混合,控制温度为65℃,施加120rpm机械搅拌,反应1.5h,再加入1,4-丁二醇,继续升温至80±2℃,检测-NCO含量为8%,加入丙酮降温并调节粘度为涂-4杯为30s左右,其中,预聚物与改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-NCO/-OH值为1.4,改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-OH含量比为1:0.2,制得功能涂料。
3)制备复合面料
取尼龙基布在表面刮涂功能涂料,控制刮涂量为35g/m2,采用隧道烘箱,控制温度为45℃预烘制7min,浸入质量分数为30%的乙醇溶液中浸洗,再置于70℃下烘制12min,之后对布料进行多辊单向拉伸,拉伸温度为50±2℃,辊间拉伸力为3.8kg,收卷即可制得耐洗透湿复合面料。
对比例1
本对比例为市面在售防水透湿面料,由东莞市健桥棉贴合有限公司提供
取实施例1-实施例3制备的面料以及对比例1提供的面料,参照GB/T12704-1991标准进行透湿性测试,参照GB/T 74744-1997标准进行静水压测试,具体测试数据如表1所示:
表1
由表1数据可知,本发明制备的面料耐静水压达到100kPa以上,与市面上的防水面料相比,具有优异防水性,透湿率达到8kg/m2·24h,表现出良好的透湿性。
为检测本发明制备面料的耐洗性,取实施例1-实施例3制备的面料以及对比例1提供的面料,置于40℃温水中浸泡1h,之后置于滚筒洗衣机内洗涤30min,往复100次,再次进行透湿和静水压测试并与表1数据对比测算变化率,具体测试数据如表2所示:
表2
由表2数据可知,对比例1在进行100周洗涤测试后,透湿性明显增加,耐静水压显著降低,表明面料中的防水透湿层出现明显破坏,导致基布的网格暴露,而本发明面料的透湿和耐静水压变化最高为10%左右,仍能维持良好的防水透气性能。
为探究本发明中功能涂料固化后形成的膜层的力学性能,将以上实施例1-实施例3制备的功能涂料涂覆在聚四氟乙烯模具中,控制涂膜厚度为40μm左右,在50℃烘制10min,倒入质量分数为30%的乙醇溶液浸泡脱模,之后再于70℃烘制10min,得到膜材,同时取市售ZC-ZT4-1型防水透湿膜作为对比例2,由广州市赞晨新材料科技有限公司提供,采用电子拉力试验机进行拉伸试验,将膜材料规格为3mm×30mm,设定夹距为10mm,拉伸速度为20mm/min,具体测试数据如表3所示:
表3
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例
断裂强度/MPa 13.52 18.43 17.61 9.27
断裂伸长率/% 337.1 314.7 330.5 264.9
由表3数据可知,本发明功能涂料形成的膜材具有优异的强韧性,满足面料在使用或者清洁过程中保持良好的力学稳定性。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。

Claims (9)

1.一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1:将聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在氮气保护下混合,升温至80-90℃,搅拌恒温反应35-45min,反应结束迅速降温至50℃以下,得到预聚物;
步骤S2:向预聚物中加入改性成孔助剂、氯化石蜡和双吗啉基乙基醚混合,控制温度为60-70℃,搅拌反应1.3-1.6h,再加入1,4-丁二醇,继续升温至80±2℃,反应直至-NCO含量为8%,用丙酮调节粘度,得到功能涂料;
步骤S3:将功能涂料刮涂在尼龙基布表面,在40-50℃预烘制5-8min,浸入乙醇溶液中浸洗,再于70℃烘制10-15min,之后单向拉伸、收卷,得到耐洗透湿复合面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇的-NCO/-OH的比值为1.8-2.1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,预聚物与改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-NCO/-OH值为1.3-1.5,改性成孔助剂和1,4-丁二醇的-OH含量比为1:0.2-0.3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,单向拉伸温度为50±2℃,单向拉伸力为3.5-4kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,改性成孔助剂由以下方法制备:
步骤A1:将乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮在氮气保护下混匀,升温至42-48℃,搅拌并缓慢匀速加入对三氟甲基氯苄,控制总加入反应时间为3-4h,反应结束旋蒸脱除丙酮并带出过量乙二硫醇,加入无氧水混洗,去除水相,真空干燥,得到中间体1;
步骤A2:将小分子量端羟基硅油和四氢呋喃混匀,升温至70-75℃回流搅拌反应,采用碱式干燥剂吸收尾气,间断加入甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷,控制总加入反应时间为5-7h,反应结束减压旋蒸脱除四氢呋喃,得到中间体2;
步骤A3:将中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺混溶,升温至80-90℃,搅拌反应5.5-6.5h,反应结束加入去离子水混洗,去除水相,真空脱水,得到改性成孔助剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,对三氟甲基氯苄、乙二硫醇、三乙胺和无水丙酮的用量比为0.1mol:0.11-0.12mol:8-10mL:60-75mL。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和小分子量端羟基硅油的羟基含量摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5,优选小分子量羟基硅油的室温粘度不高于40mm2/s。
8.根据权利要求5任一项所述的一种耐洗透湿复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,中间体1、中间体2、二甲基苯基膦和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量比为0.1mol:150-200g:0.6-0.9g:90-110mL。
9.一种耐洗透湿复合面料,其特征在于,由权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法制得。
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