CN117623903A - D-葡萄糖二酸钙的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229940095625 calcium glucarate Drugs 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N D-glucaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- UYUXSRADSPPKRZ-SKNVOMKLSA-N D-glucurono-6,3-lactone Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O UYUXSRADSPPKRZ-SKNVOMKLSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/41—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
- C07C51/412—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids, their salts, esters or anhydrides with the same carboxylic acid part
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/285—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with peroxy-compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/29—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with halogen-containing compounds which may be formed in situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新的D‑葡萄糖二酸及其钙盐四水合物的制备方法,本发明工艺路线通过一锅法制备D‑葡萄糖二酸钙,避免在后处理过程中冗长的分离过程和中间体化合物的纯化过程,从而节省时间与资源并且提高收率,具有步骤少、操作简单、反应温和、溶剂具有回收再利用能力的优点,适合规模化大量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,具体涉及一种新的D-葡萄糖二酸钙的制备方法。
技术背景
葡萄糖二酸天然存在于葡萄柚、苹果、橘子等水果和十字花科蔬菜中,在少量哺乳动物及人体内也有分泌,是一种无毒的葡萄糖衍生物。糖醛酸类物质,可能提高人体的自然防御机制,减少癌症病发的风险。随着研究的逐渐深入和发展,人们发现葡萄糖二酸在化工领域和医药领域也有广泛的应用价值。如可作为聚合物合成的基本单元合成聚酰胺类、羟基化的尼龙及聚二甲基硅氧烷聚酰胺,合成生物可降解聚合物、缓释肥料、各种薄膜等,也可作为原料生产无毒、可生物降解的磷酸盐替代物,用于家用洗涤剂、防腐剂和混凝土外加剂等。葡萄糖二酸还可在电镀中作为金属防腐的螯合剂。2004年,美国能源部将葡萄糖二酸确定为12种“最具有价值的生物炼制产品”之一,具有巨大的经济价值。
D-葡萄糖二酸钙在人体内容易转化为D-葡萄糖二酸,D-葡萄糖二酸在人体内的代谢具备多种功能,不仅能够补充人体的钙,还能起到其他一些重要的生理作用。另外,D-葡萄糖二酸可相互转化的葡萄糖二酸-1,4-内酯有很强的解毒和抗氧化性能,它可以抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡减轻四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病,缓解盐酸伊立替康引起的肠道黏膜损伤。由于果蔬中葡萄糖二酸含量微少,通过饮食摄入的葡萄糖二酸含量远低于可对β-葡糖苷酸酶起抑制作用的水平,因此,机体需要额外摄入D-葡萄糖二酸及相关的衍生物来达到预防和治疗疾病的效果。
D-葡萄糖二酸钙具有4个手性中心,其一般以4水合物的形式存在,其结构式如下:
合成D-葡萄糖二酸钙四水合物的关键是合成D-葡萄糖二酸,目前包括硝酸氧化法和TEMPO氧化法是化工领域较为通用的方法。这两种方法都存在会有选择性的问题,葡萄糖上面有太多的反应位点,醇羟基难氧化,这也是导致收率低,纯化困难等一系列问题。
因此本领域尚需研发一种高收率、低成本的符合药用辅料标准的D-葡萄糖二酸及其钙盐四水合物制备方法,能够稳定储存,可药用,且制备工艺简单高效,可规模化生产,以满足市场需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有工艺路线的不足,提供一种新的D-葡萄糖二酸及其钙盐四水合物的制备方法,该制备方法反应条件温和,制备成本较低,收率高,适合工业化生产。
本发明提供了一种制备D-葡萄糖二酸钙的方法,具体包括下列步骤:
(a)D-葡醛酸加入氧化剂氧化后得到D-葡萄糖二酸;
(b)制备得到的D-葡萄糖二酸,与钙盐反应得到D-葡萄糖二酸钙。
本发明还提供了一种制备D-葡萄糖二酸钙的方法,D-葡醛酸加入次氯酸钙氧化后得到D-葡萄糖二酸钙。
进一步地,上述制备方法中D-葡醛酸由D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯经过碱水解制得。
进一步地,上述制备方法中,D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯先溶于水再加入碱,D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯与水的质量体积比为1:5~1:20,优选1:10~1:15,以g/ml或kg/L计。
进一步地,上述制备方法中碱选自氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种,碱的用量为D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯摩尔量的1.0~3.0eq,优选1.0~1.5eq。
进一步地,上述制备方法中氧化剂选自次氯酸钠或双氧水。
进一步地,上述制备方法中氧化剂或次氯酸钙的用量为D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯摩尔量的1.0~5.0eq,优选1.5~4.0eq。
进一步地,上述制备方法中氧化反应温度为-30~50℃,氧化反应时间为2~15h,优选氧化反应温度为20~50℃,氧化反应时间为4~10h。
进一步地,上述制备方法中钙盐选自氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硝酸钙、碳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、氯化钙或碳酸氢钙中的一种或多种。
本发明所述制备方法相比现有工艺具有以下优点:
1)本发明工艺路线通过一锅法制备D-葡萄糖二酸钙,避免在后处理过程中冗长的分离过程和中间体化合物的纯化过程,从而节省时间与资源并且提高收率,具有步骤少、操作简单、反应温和、溶剂具有回收再利用能力的优点,适合规模化大量生产;2)本发明选用D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯为起始原料,便宜易得;3)通过常见氧化剂次氯酸钠、次氯酸钙或双氧水氧化D-葡醛酸制备D-葡萄糖二酸,较常见酶法催化,本发明制备成本较低,后处理简单,产品符合药用级标准。
附图说明
图1实施例1所得白色固体产物氢谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段。以下实施例仅是本发明的部分优选实施例,不应当视为对本发明的限制,对本领域普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的范围内,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:D-葡萄糖二酸钙四水合物的制备
将D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯(100g,0.56mol,1eq.)溶于纯化水(1000mL)中,室温下分三次加入氢氧化锂(13.7g,0.56mol,1eq.),搅拌反应1h,控温20~40℃分三次加入次氯酸钙(174g,1.20mol,2.14eq.),室温反应5h。反应完成后,过滤,滤饼水洗三次后干燥,将干燥后的D-葡萄糖二酸钙粗品溶于纯化水(1000mL)中,升温至50℃,加入盐酸调节pH至5~6,搅拌反应12h过滤,滤饼水洗三次后干燥,得白色固体(89.0g,49.2%)。样品中钙含量为100.3%。
1H-NMR(500MHz,D2O)δ=4.44(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.32(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=5.4,3.0Hz,1H),3.94(t,J=5.2Hz,1H);
13C-NMR(500MHz,D2O)δ=70.65,70.72,71.00,72.44,174.91,175.25ppm;
MS(ESI):m/z=104.0112[M-Ca2+]2-/2。
实施例2:D-葡萄糖二酸钙四水合物的制备
将D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯(100g,0.56mol,1eq.)溶于纯化水(1000mL)中,室温下分三次加入氢氧化锂(13.7g,0.56mol,1eq.),搅拌反应1h,控温25~30℃滴加双氧水(63.4g,1.86mol,3.3eq.),室温反应5h。反应完成后,加入盐酸调节pH至2,加入氧化钙(79.5g,1.4mol,2.5eq.)搅拌反应10h,并调节pH至5。将反应体系降温至0℃,过滤,滤饼水洗三次后干燥,将干燥后的D-葡萄糖二酸钙粗品溶于纯化水(1000mL)中,升温至50℃,加入盐酸调节pH至5~6,搅拌反应12h过滤,滤饼水洗三次后干燥,得白色固体(73.0g,40.2%)。样品中钙含量99.5%。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备D-葡萄糖二酸钙的方法,其特征在于所述制备方法包括下列步骤:
(a)D-葡醛酸加入氧化剂氧化后得到D-葡萄糖二酸;
(b)制备得到的D-葡萄糖二酸,与钙盐反应得到D-葡萄糖二酸钙。
2.一种制备D-葡萄糖二酸钙的方法,其特征在于D-葡醛酸加入次氯酸钙氧化后得到D-葡萄糖二酸钙。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述D-葡醛酸由D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯经过碱水解制得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯先溶于水再加入碱,D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯与水的质量体积比为1:5~1:20,优选1:10~1:15,以g/ml或kg/L计。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱选自氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱的用量为D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯摩尔量的1.0~3.0eq,优选1.0~1.5eq。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂选自次氯酸钠或双氧水。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂或次氯酸钙的用量为D-葡萄糖醛酸-γ-内酯摩尔量的1.0~5.0eq,优选1.5~4.0eq。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化反应温度为-30~50℃,氧化反应时间为2~15h,优选氧化反应温度为20~50℃,氧化反应时间为4~10h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钙盐选自氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硝酸钙、碳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、氯化钙或碳酸氢钙中的一种或多种。
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