CN117602996A - 一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006241 High Modulus Furnace Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002192 fatty aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical group [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
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- C07C1/247—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by splitting of cyclic ethers
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,包括:步骤1:2,5,8‑壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体;步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油;本发明采用绿色可再生的生物质2,5,8‑壬三酮和糠醛为原料,通过巧妙地设计反应步骤和调控润滑油基础油的结构,以制备高品质的低粘度的昆虫型全合成生物质基润滑油基础油;本发明通过羟醛缩合反应实现碳链增长得到长碳链支链化结构前驱体,再进一步加氢脱氧为高品质的低粘度全合成生物质基润滑油基础油;本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的支链化程度更高,所以本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的性质,特别是倾点、凝点和粘度等方面更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域,具体是一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法。
背景技术
润滑油在相对运动的硬摩擦中发挥着重要的作用。所以国家润滑油的发展水平直接或间接反映这个国家的工业发展状况,甚至影响到这个国家的经济水平。目前,产业界和学术界开发新润滑油可节省的经济效益约占国内总生产值的1-1.55%。全合成润滑油主要采用α-癸烯齐聚的方法制备,公开号为CN108559012A的中国发明专利申请报道了采用茂金属催化聚合C8-C12α-烯烃制备全合成润滑油基础油。但是该申请所得润滑油基础的结构不可控,且价格昂贵,同时,石化原料的使用会造成严重的能源危机和环境污染问题。
发展碳中性的清洁能源来替代和弥补目前主流化石能源的不足,遏制全球性气候问题、资源问题、环境问题已成为当务之急。其中,可再生可持续的生物质资源丰富,以此为原料制备生物基润滑油具有巨大潜力。近期策略中Chen等采用油脂为原料(Chen S,Wu TT,Zhao C.Conversion of lipid into high-viscosity branched bio-lubricant baseoil[J].Green Chemistry,2020,22(21),7348-7354.),经四步合成了生物质基润滑油,但是该合成过程中使用了环境不友好的催化剂。Liu等以取代呋喃和脂肪醛在酸性离子交换树脂作用下碳碳偶联得到C30中间体(Liu S,Josephson T R,Athaley A,et al.Renewablelubricants with tailored molecular architecture[J].Science advances,2019,5,5487-5494),后再经加氢脱氧(IrRe/SiO2或IrMo/SiO2)制备支链化全烷烃型润滑油。但经测试该类润滑油产品的粘度指数较低,限制了其大规模使用。Chen等采用油酸为原料全碳链合成了蝴蝶型润滑油(Chen S,Wu T T,Zhao C.Synthesis of Branched BiolubricantBase Oil from Oleic Acid[J].ChemSusChem,2020,13(20),5516-5522.),但是该合成步骤太长,总收率较低,限制了工业化应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,以解决现有技术中的问题。
本发明提供一种利用可再生生物质2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛制备高值化全合成润滑油基础油,原料绿色环保且廉价易得,工艺简单灵活,使用球形中空有机硅纳米粒子的HPMOs作为加氢催化剂的载体,可实现2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛高效转化为全合成润滑油,提高润滑油的收率。
2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛转化为昆虫型低粘度生物基全合成润滑油基础油的路线如下:
2,5,8-壬三酮与糠醛进行羟醛缩合得到润滑油中间体(步骤1),缩合产物润滑油中间体进行加氢得到昆虫型低粘度全合成润滑油基础油(步骤2)。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体
将2,5,8-壬三酮、糠醛、溶剂和催化剂加入到圆底烧瓶中,所述2,5,8-壬三酮、糠醛和溶剂的摩尔比为1:6.5:2.5,将圆底烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并装上冷凝管,升温至50-150℃,反应1-24h,反应结束后,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到润滑油中间体;
步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油
将润滑油中间体、溶剂和加氢催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,所述润滑油中间体与溶剂的体积比为1:1-5,将反应釜密封,向反应釜中通入1.0-6.0MPa的H2置换反应釜中的空气,将反应釜的温度升至100-350℃,反应2-6h,反应结束后,待反应釜冷却后释放H2,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到低粘度润滑油基础油。
本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的支链数达到了六条,与现有技术(申请号为CN202010118816.X的中国发明专利申请)所制备的具有四条支链的润滑油相比,本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的支链化程度更高,所以本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的性质,特别是倾点、凝点和粘度等方面更好。本发明利用简单的小分子单元通过碳碳偶联实现多位点多重碳链定向生长,构建新型润滑油结构;本发明制备低粘度润滑油基础油的路径更短,催化剂更加简单,同时构建的低粘度润滑油基础油的结构更加复杂,性质更优越。
进一步的,所述步骤2中加氢催化剂的活性中心为Ru、Au、Pt、Pd或Ni中的任意一种。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中活性中心负载量为0.05-10wt.%。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中载体为HPMOs。
本发明采用HPMOs作为加氢催化剂的载体,由于HPMOs(Hollow periodicmesoporous organosilicas)是一种球形中空有机硅纳米粒子,可以实现限域催化。HPMOs具有发达的孔道结构和大的比表面积可以提高反应物分子的吸附和活化,以及反应物分子的脱附,避免反应物分子的过度加氢导致C-O键断裂,从而使得环醚结构遭到破坏。经调节HPMOs载体的孔径结构,使得反应物分子可以进入HPMOs的中空结构,在酸性位点和金属中心的协同作用下实现选择性加氢,可实现2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛高效转化为全合成润滑油,提高目标产物低粘度润滑油基础油的收率。HPMOs由于有机硅的使用,导致表面具有较多的巯基和烷基官能团,这些有机官能团的使用可以更好的吸附和活化有机物。
进一步的,所述步骤2中加氢催化剂的助催化剂为Ce、Co、Re、Sn或Ir的单质或者氧化物。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中助催化剂的添加量为0.05-5.0wt.%。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的溶剂为环己烷、十二烷和HMF中的一种或者多种组合。
进一步的,所述步骤1中的催化剂为KOH、CsCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、NaOH、甲醇钠和叔丁醇钠的一种或者多种组合。
进一步的,所述步骤1中的溶剂为H2O、HMF、甲醇和乙醇中的一种或者多种组合。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
一、本发明采用绿色可再生的生物质2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛为原料,通过巧妙地设计反应步骤和调控润滑油基础油的结构,以制备高品质的低粘度的昆虫型全合成生物质基润滑油基础油;本发明通过羟醛缩合反应实现碳链增长得到长碳链支链化结构前驱体,再进一步加氢脱氧为高品质的低粘度全合成生物质基润滑油基础油;
二、本发明避免了化石能源的使用,符合绿色可持续发展的理念;同时,选用廉价易得的2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛类化合物,极大地降低原料成本和高端全合成润滑油基础油成本,且本发明的生物质基全合成润滑油基础油的结构可调控,使产品更具有市场竞争力。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体
将1g 2,5,8-壬三酮、1g糠醛、50mL乙醇和0.5g氢氧化钠加入到圆底烧瓶中,将圆底烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并装上冷凝管,油浴锅升温至50℃,反应1h,反应结束后,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到润滑油中间体;将得到的润滑油中间体经色谱分析,结果显示:2,5,8-壬三酮的转化率为81%,润滑油中间体的选择性为73%;
步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油
称取0.05g氯金酸和0.9837g氯化锡加入到40mL去离子水中,在25℃下搅拌3h后,加入1g HPMOs继续搅拌3h,然后升温至60℃,并搅拌直至水分完全蒸发,再在100℃的烘箱中过夜干燥,再于空气中450℃下煅烧4h后,使用高纯H2氛围450℃下还原4h,待完全冷却后,使用5:1的N2和空气老化备用,得到加氢催化剂;
将16mL润滑油中间体、80mL环己烷和0.1g加氢催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,将反应釜密封,向反应釜中通入1.0MPa的H2置换反应釜中的空气,将反应釜的温度升至100℃,反应2h,反应结束后,待反应釜冷却后释放H2,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到低粘度润滑油基础油。
将得到的低粘度润滑油基础油经色谱分析,结果显示:低粘度润滑油基础油的收率为98%,并采用层析柱对低粘度润滑油基础油进行提纯。
实施例2
一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体
将1g 2,5,8-壬三酮、1g糠醛、50mLTHF和0.5g叔丁醇钠加入到圆底烧瓶中,将圆底烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并装上冷凝管,油浴锅升温至100℃,反应12h,反应结束后,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到润滑油中间体;将得到的润滑油中间体经色谱分析,结果显示:2,5,8-壬三酮的转化率为93%,润滑油中间体的选择性为71%;
步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油
称取0.12g氯化钯和0.862g高铼酸铵加入到40mL去离子水中,在25℃下搅拌3h后,加入1g HPMOs继续搅拌3h,然后升温至60℃,并搅拌直至水分完全蒸发,再在100℃的烘箱中过夜干燥,再于空气中450℃下煅烧4h后,使用高纯H2氛围450℃下还原4h,待完全冷却后,使用5:1的N2和空气老化备用,得到加氢催化剂;
将50mL润滑油中间体、80mL正己烷和0.1g加氢催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,将反应釜密封,向反应釜中通入3.0MPa的H2置换反应釜中的空气,将反应釜的温度升至250℃,反应4h,反应结束后,待反应釜冷却后释放H2,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到低粘度润滑油基础油。
将得到的低粘度润滑油基础油经色谱分析,结果显示:低粘度润滑油基础油的收率为100%,并采用层析柱对低粘度润滑油基础油进行提纯。
实施例3
一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体
将1g 2,5,8-壬三酮、1g糠醛、50mL甲醇和水的混合溶液和0.5g NaHCO3加入到圆底烧瓶中,将圆底烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并装上冷凝管,油浴锅升温至150℃,反应24h,反应结束后,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到润滑油中间体;将得到的润滑油中间体经色谱分析,结果显示:2,5,8-壬三酮的转化率为87%,润滑油中间体的选择性为67%;
步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油
称取0.22g氯化铂和0.53g硝酸铈加入到40mL去离子水中,在25℃下搅拌3h后,加入1gHPMOs继续搅拌3h,然后升温至60℃,并搅拌直至水分完全蒸发,再在100℃的烘箱中过夜干燥,再于空气中450℃下煅烧4h后,使用高纯H2氛围450℃下还原4h,待完全冷却后,使用5:1的N2和空气老化备用,得到加氢催化剂;
将80mL润滑油中间体、80mL十二烷和0.1g加氢催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,将反应釜密封,向反应釜中通入6.0MPa的H2置换反应釜中的空气,将反应釜的温度升至350℃,反应6h,反应结束后,待反应釜冷却后释放H2,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到低粘度润滑油基础油。
将得到的低粘度润滑油基础油经色谱分析,结果显示:低粘度润滑油基础油的收率为91%,并采用层析柱对低粘度润滑油基础油进行提纯。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例2所不同的是:对比例1步骤2当中加氢催化剂中的载体为SiO2,结果显示:对比例1所得到的低粘度润滑油基础油的收率为57%。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例3所不同的是:对比例2步骤2当中加氢催化剂中的载体为Al2O3,结果显示:对比例2所得到的低粘度润滑油基础油的收率为65%。
对实施例1至3以及对比例1和2所制得的低粘度润滑油基础油的性能进行测定,结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3及对比例1-2的低粘度润滑油基础油的性能
从表1中可以看出:实施例1至3所制得的低粘度润滑油基础油的40℃运动粘度均小于36.5mm2/s,100℃运动粘度均小于6.3mm2/s,凝点均小于-54℃,倾点均小于-46℃,粘度指数均大于158,而对比例1和2所制得的低粘度润滑油基础油的40℃运动粘度均大于44.2mm2/s,100℃运动粘度均大于15.8mm2/s,凝点均大于-35℃,倾点均大于-32℃,粘度指数均小于137,测试结果表明:本发明所制备的低粘度润滑油基础油的性质,特别是倾点、凝点和粘度等方面更好。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
Claims (9)
1.一种生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:2,5,8-壬三酮和糠醛经羟醛缩合反应制备润滑油中间体
将2,5,8-壬三酮、糠醛、溶剂和催化剂加入到圆底烧瓶中,所述2,5,8-壬三酮、糠醛和溶剂的摩尔比为1:6.5:2.5,将圆底烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并装上冷凝管,升温至50-150℃,反应1-24h,反应结束后,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到润滑油中间体;
步骤2:润滑油中间体加氢制备低粘度润滑油基础油
将润滑油中间体、溶剂和加氢催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,所述润滑油中间体与溶剂的体积比为1:1-5,将反应釜密封,向反应釜中通入1.0-6.0MPa的H2置换反应釜中的空气,将反应釜的温度升至100-350℃,反应2-6h,反应结束后,待反应釜冷却后释放H2,蒸馏分离出溶剂,得到低粘度润滑油基础油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中加氢催化剂的活性中心为Ru、Au、Pt、Pd或Ni中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中活性中心负载量为0.05-10wt.%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中载体为HPMOs。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中加氢催化剂的助催化剂为Ce、Co、Re、Sn或Ir的单质或者氧化物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的加氢催化剂中助催化剂的添加量为0.05-5.0wt.%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的溶剂为环己烷、十二烷和HMF中的一种或者多种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中的催化剂为KOH、CsCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、NaOH、甲醇钠和叔丁醇钠的一种或者多种组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生物质基低粘度润滑油基础油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中的溶剂为H2O、HMF、甲醇和乙醇中的一种或者多种组合。
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