CN117510273B - Foliar fertilizer capable of simultaneously solving green retention of litchi peel and desugaring of pulp and application of foliar fertilizer - Google Patents
Foliar fertilizer capable of simultaneously solving green retention of litchi peel and desugaring of pulp and application of foliar fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 241001629511 Litchi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol group Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical group [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001093760 Sapindaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;calcium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ca].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P=O CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a foliar fertilizer for simultaneously solving the problems of green retention of litchi peel and desugarization of pulp and application thereof, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in concentration: 1-3g/L of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-4 g/L of calcium salt, 2-4 g/L of magnesium salt and 0.8-1.5 g/L of glutamic acid. The litchi branch foliar fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can improve the content of soluble sugar in fruits, reduce the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in fruits and improve the content of anthocyanin; the calcium chloride can improve the sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of fruits and delay desugaring; magnesium chloride can regulate anthocyanin accumulation during the mature period of fruits so as to promote coloring; the L-glutamic acid can enable the fruit trees to quickly absorb and utilize nutrients through photosynthesis, effectively improve the coloring of the peel and improve the nutrition quality of the pulp. The foliar fertilizer has a synergistic effect among the components, can obviously promote the accumulation of anthocyanin in litchi peel and the degradation of chlorophyll to promote the coloring of the peel, and ensures that the coloring of the peel and the quality development of pulp are synchronous.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree fertilizers, in particular to a foliar fertilizer for simultaneously solving the problems of green retention of litchi peel and desugaring of pulp and application thereof.
Background
Litchi belongs to soapberry family plants and plays an important role in the tropical and subtropical fruit tree industry. 'Feizixiao' litchi is one of main cultivated varieties in litchi producing areas in China, is mainly distributed in Guangdong, guangxi, sichuan, hainan and other areas, and is one of middle-early-maturing high-quality varieties. Because the fruits are big and the seeds are small, the pulp is tender, fragrant, sweet and succulent, and the fruit juice is a good variety with long flavor, and has higher economic and social benefits.
However, litchi varieties such as 'Feizixiao', 'Xinqianmi litchi', 'Guanyin green' and 'Kanga green' have the phenomenon of asynchronous development of pericarps and pulps: when the pulp flavor quality is optimal (commodity collection period), the peel presents a state of blocky red-green or full green, which is called as a phenomenon of "peel stay green", and when the peel is completely colored, the pulp has desugared (namely sugar is oxidized and decomposed, so that the sweetness is reduced, the bitter taste is increased, and the commodity value of the litchi variety is limited to a certain extent.
The root dressing is one of the good means for improving fruit quality. As a supplement to the traditional soil fertilizer, foliar fertilization has the advantages of quick fertilizer efficiency, high nutrient utilization rate, small environmental pollution, capability of enhancing stress resistance and disease and insect resistance of crops, improving leaf functions and further improving yield and quality, and the like, and becomes an important component in modern agricultural fertilizers. The reported foliar fertilizers for litchi branches at present only have a certain influence on litchi peel coloration, pulp quality improvement and the like, and no foliar fertilizer for simultaneously improving the green retention phenomenon and the pulp desugaring problem of litchi peel is found. There is an urgent need for a foliar fertilizer which can simultaneously solve the problems of coloring of the pericarp and synchronous development of the pulp quality of litchi fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems and provides a foliar fertilizer for simultaneously solving the problems of green retention of litchi peel and desugaring of pulp and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a foliar fertilizer for simultaneously solving the problems of green retention of litchi peel and desugarization of pulp comprises the following components in concentration: 1-3g/L of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-4 g/L of calcium salt, 2-4 g/L of magnesium salt and 0.8-1.5 g/L of glutamic acid.
The phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, potassium hypophosphite or dipotassium phosphate;
the calcium salt is calcium nitrate, calcium chloride or calcium ammonium nitrate;
The magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride or magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following concentration components: 1.5-2.5g/L of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2.5-3.5 g/L of calcium salt, 2.5-3.5 g/L of magnesium salt and 1.1-1.4 g/L of glutamic acid.
Further preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following concentration of components: 1.8-2.2g/L of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2.8-3.2 g/L of calcium salt, 2.8-3.2 g/L of magnesium salt and 1.2-1.4 g/L of glutamic acid.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer further comprises a spreader.
The spreading agent is glycerol, an agricultural organosilicon auxiliary agent or gelatin.
The addition amount of the spreading agent is 0.5-2% of the total volume ratio of the spreading agent to the total volume of the foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, the spreader is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by volume of the spreader to the total volume of the foliar fertilizer, more preferably in an amount of 0.8 to 1.2%.
The application of any one of the foliar fertilizer in litchi cultivation solves the problems of green retention of pericarp and desugaring of pulp.
In the application technical scheme, after litchi enters the fruit swelling period, the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed to the fruit tree, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-4 times.
In the application technical scheme, the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed to the whole fruit tree until the leaves drip water, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-8 days for 3 times; the litchi variety is 'Feizixiao', 'Xinqian sweet litchi', 'guanyin green' or 'Zhuan green'.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The litchi branch foliar fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can improve the content of soluble sugar in fruits, reduce the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in fruits and improve the content of anthocyanin; the calcium chloride can improve the sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of fruits and delay desugaring; magnesium chloride can regulate anthocyanin accumulation during the mature period of fruits so as to promote coloring; the L-glutamic acid can enable the fruit trees to quickly absorb and utilize nutrients through photosynthesis, effectively improve the coloring of the peel and improve the nutrition quality of the pulp. Experimental results show that the components of the foliar fertilizer have a synergistic effect, can obviously promote accumulation of anthocyanin in the peel of Feizixiao litchi and degradation of chlorophyll to promote peel coloring, delay the desugaring phenomenon in the fruit ripening process to a certain extent, enable the peel coloring and the pulp quality development to be synchronous, and increase the commodity of the fruit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the change in appearance of the coloring of the peel of Feizixiao litchi after foliar fertilizer treatment.
Fig. 2 shows the change of physiological index related to the peel coloration of the Feizixiao litchi after foliar fertilizer treatment.
Fig. 3 shows the change of the physical index related to the pulp quality of the Feizixiao litchi after the foliar fertilizer treatment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but is not limited, by the following examples.
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The main reagents of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
Monopotassium phosphate (K 2HPO4): white crystalline or amorphous powder, CAS No. 7778-77-0, purity: 99.5%.
Calcium chloride (CaCl 2): white solid, CAS number 10043-52-4, purity: 96%.
Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2): colorless solid, CAS number 779118-6, purity: 98%.
L-glutamic acid (C 5H9NO4): white or colorless solid, CAS number 56-86-0, purity: 99%.
Glycerol (C 3H8O3): also known as glycerin, foreign matter, colorless liquid, CAS number 56-81-5, purity: 99 percent; the invention relates to a common surfactant, and the purpose of glycerol addition in the invention is to improve the spreading adsorption capacity between a foliar fertilizer and a leaf.
Example 1
1. Preparation of litchi branch and leaf fertilizer
The foliar fertilizer of table 1 was formulated as follows: weighing the raw materials according to a certain proportion, adding into water for dissolution, finally adding the glycerol as a spreading agent, stirring uniformly, and dissolving to obtain the product. In Table 1, the concentration values of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and L-glutamic acid refer to the final concentration of each component in the foliar fertilizer solution, and the proportion of glycerol refers to the percentage of the volume of glycerol added to the total volume of the foliar fertilizer.
Table 1 foliar fertilizer for litchi
2. Application of 2022 foliar fertilizer to 'Feizixiao' litchi tree
1. The litchi variety to be tested is 'Feizixiao', and is experimentally located in a permanent-developing base of fruit trees of the academy of agricultural sciences of Hainan province.
2. And (3) treatment: 4 treatment groups were set, including CK, T1, T2, and T3. 4 trees are selected for each treatment, the tree body and the fruit in the current year grow consistently, and the 'Feizixiao' litchi tree without any bad expression is adopted. And respectively carrying out foliar fertilizer spraying treatment when the fruits just enter the expansion period. And before 10 am, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the front surface and the back surface of the leaf, and the spraying amount is that the water is dropped on the leaf surface and the back surface of the leaf. Spraying for 3 times in total, once a week.
3. And (3) detecting a related index: the fruit samples are collected before the foliar fertilizer is sprayed every time, the foliar fertilizer is continuously collected after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 3 times until the fruit peel is full red or even has a spot to be dark, 15 fruits are collected every plant of tree, and 60 fruits are treated every time. The collected sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for freezing and bringing back, and is stored in a-80 ultralow temperature refrigerator for preservation.
The LS170 color difference meter of the forestation science and technology company is adopted to measure the peel h value of the litchi, wherein the peel h value refers to the hue angle, represents the hue of the color, and has the value range of 0-360, wherein 0 represents red, 180 represents green and 360 represents blue.
The anthocyanin content and chlorophyll content of the pericarp were determined by referring to the method in the book "physiological and biochemical experiment guidance after fruit and vegetable harvest" (Cao Jiankang, jiang Weibo, zhao Yumei. Physiological and biochemical experiment guidance after fruit and vegetable harvest [ M ]. Chinese light industry Press, 2007).
The soluble solids content and titratable acid content of the pulp were measured using an ATAGO (attomo) PAL-BIACID sugar acid instrument, produced in japan.
3. Application of 2023 foliar fertilizer to 'Feizixiao' litchi tree
1. The litchi variety to be tested is 'Feizixiao' and is located on a gold-medal farm in the high county of Hainan province.
2.5 Treatment groups were set, including CK, T1, T2, T3, and T4. 3 trees are selected for each treatment, the tree body and the fruit in the current year grow consistently, and the 'Feizixiao' litchi tree without any bad expression is adopted. And respectively carrying out foliar fertilizer spraying treatment when the fruits just enter the expansion period. And before the spraying time is 10 am, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the front surface and the back surface of the leaf, and the spraying amount is that the water is dropped on the leaf surface and the back surface. A total of 3 sprays were applied once a week.
3. And (3) detecting a related index: the fruit samples are collected before the foliar fertilizer is sprayed each time, the collection is continued after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 3 times until the fruit peel is full red or even has a spot to be dark, 20 fruits are collected each time, and 60 fruits are treated each time. The collected sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for freezing and bringing back, and is stored in a-80 ultralow temperature refrigerator for preservation.
The method is used for measuring the h value of litchi peel, the anthocyanin content and chlorophyll content of the peel and the content of soluble solids and titratable acid content of pulp.
4. Experiment result statistics and analysis
The results of the experiments are shown in FIGS. 1-3 and tables 2-13 (the numerical values of the results in the tables are the average of 3 replicates).
1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, 2022 and 2023 show that the experimental results of 'Feizixiao' litchi for two years in total prove that the foliar mixed fertilizer can effectively promote the coloring of the peel of 'Feizixiao' litchi, wherein the coloring time of T3 treatment is earlier.
2. From tables 2 to 7 and fig. 2, the foliar fertilizer of the invention effectively promotes the coloring of the pericarp of Feizixiao litchi, wherein the foliar fertilizer T3 has the most remarkable coloring effect on the pericarp of Feizixiao litchi. Wherein, in 2022, the T3 group has a h value reduced by 31.573%, a anthocyanin content increased by 47.368% and a chlorophyll content reduced by 50.877% relative to the 'Feizixiao' litchi of the CK group. Compared with the 'Feizixiao' litchi of the CK group, the h value of the foliar fertilizer T3 in 2023 is reduced by 36.571%, the anthocyanin content is improved by 18.400%, and the chlorophyll content is reduced by 55.769%.
Table 2.2022 litchi pericarp h value
Note that: time in table 1 refers to the number of days counted after flowering, for example 50d refers to the 50 th day after flowering; the first three times of time refers to the time for collecting fruits before each time of foliage fertilizer spraying, and the later time refers to the time for continuously collecting fruits after the three times of foliage fertilizer spraying are completed. The temporal meanings in tables 3-13 are the same.
Table 3.2023 litchi pericarp h value
Cyanine content (unit: μg/g) in 4.2022 years
Cyanine content (unit: μg/g) in 5.2023 years
Table 6.2022 chlorophyll content (unit: mg/g)
Table 7.2023 chlorophyll content (unit: mg/g)
3. As can be seen from tables 8 to 13 and FIG. 3, the foliar fertilizer of the invention has little influence on the change of the pulp soluble sugar reaching the peak and before the ripening of the fruits of Feizixiao litchis, and has little influence on the change of the titratable acid content in the whole process. However, after the soluble sugar reached the peak (70 days after 2022 flowers and 72 days after 2023 flowers), the effect of foliar fertilizer T3 to delay desugaring was remarkable. Wherein, compared with 'Feizixiao' litchi of CK group, the result of the foliar fertilizer T3 in 2022 is that the soluble solid content is only reduced by 4.198 percent, the titratable acid is reduced by 4.612 percent, and the solid-acid ratio is only reduced by 9.863 percent after the flowers are grown for 79 days. Compared with the 'Feizixiao' litchi of the CK group, the result of the foliar fertilizer T3 in 2023 is that the soluble solid content is only reduced by 4.351 percent, the titratable acid is reduced by 12.088 percent, and the solid-acid ratio is only reduced by 21.220 percent after 79 days after flowers.
Table 8.2022 soluble solids content of pulp (unit: mg/g)
Table 9.2023 soluble solids content of pulp (unit: mg/g)
Table 10.2022 titrand acid content of pulp (unit: mg/g)
Table 11.2023 titrand acid content of pulp (unit: mg/g)
Table 12.2022 shows the solid-acid ratio of pulp
Table 13.2023 shows the solid-acid ratio of pulp
4. Conclusion: the experimental result shows that the foliar fertilizer T3 can obviously promote anthocyanin accumulation of the peel of the 'Feizixiao' litchi, chlorophyll degradation promotes peel coloring, and meanwhile, the application of desugaring in the fruit ripening process is delayed to a certain extent, so that the effect of synchronizing the development of the peel and pulp of the 'Feixiao' litchi is achieved. In addition, compared with the foliar fertilizer (T3) which only uses a spreading agent and water (CK), monopotassium phosphate and L-glutamic acid (T1), monopotassium phosphate, calcium chloride and L-glutamic acid (T2) and only uses L-glutamic acid (T4), the foliar fertilizer has more obvious effects of coloring the peel of the Feizixiao litchi and delaying the fruit desugaring. Therefore, the components of the foliar fertilizer have synergistic effect, can obviously improve the problem of asynchronous development of peel and pulp of Feizixiao litchi, can greatly increase commodity and improve peasant income when applied to actual production.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the foliar fertilizer in the cultivation of Feizixiao litchis for simultaneously solving the problems of green retention of pericarps and desugaring of pulps is characterized in that: the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in concentration: 1.5-2.5 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.5-3.5 g/L calcium chloride, 2.5-3.5 g/L magnesium chloride and 1.1-1.4 g/L L-glutamic acid, and a spreading agent, wherein the adding amount of the spreading agent is 0.5-2% according to the ratio of the volume of the spreading agent to the total volume of the foliar fertilizer;
After litchi enters the fruit swelling period, the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed to the fruit tree, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-4 times.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spreading agent is glycerol, an agricultural organosilicon auxiliary agent or gelatin.
3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the addition amount of the spreading agent is 0.5-1.5% of the total volume ratio of the spreading agent to the total volume of the foliar fertilizer.
4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer to the whole fruit tree until the leaves drip water, and spraying for 3 times every 7-8 days.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107805120A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-16 | 广西北贸农牧有限公司 | Liquid fertilizer specially for culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN109456649A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-12 | 慕善斌 | A kind of chitin biological liquid foliar nutrition protective film and preparation method thereof |
| CN111406748A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-14 | 上海万力华生物科技有限公司 | Herbicide containing plant source pelargonic acid and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107805120A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-16 | 广西北贸农牧有限公司 | Liquid fertilizer specially for culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN109456649A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-12 | 慕善斌 | A kind of chitin biological liquid foliar nutrition protective film and preparation method thereof |
| CN111406748A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-14 | 上海万力华生物科技有限公司 | Herbicide containing plant source pelargonic acid and preparation method and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 叶面 K、Ca 和 Mg 营养对妃子笑荔枝果皮相应元素含量和着色的影响;周晓超等;《福建农林大学学报( 自然科学版)》;20151130;第44卷(第6期);第593-600页 * |
| 叶面喷布钾、钙和镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果皮着色的调节效果;周晓超等;《西南农业学报》;20151231;第28卷(第4期);第1713-1718页 * |
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