CN117510212A - 一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 alkaline earth metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001618 alkaline earth metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法。所述氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法包括:(1)将含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体、稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物混合,得到混合粉体;(2)将所得混合粉体压制成型后,再经热压烧结,得到高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝(AlN)陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于介质陶瓷领域。
背景技术
大功率微波电子真空器件要求微波吸收材料兼备优异的高导热和微波吸收性能。
AlN陶瓷兼备高导热、高介电强度、低介电常数、高机械强度、化学性能稳定及无毒等优异特性,然而,由于其过低的介电损耗(10-4量级),距离大功率微波电子真空器件的实际应用还有一定距离。
由于AlN是共价化合物,难以与其他物质发生化学反应,通常采用微波吸收性能高的第二相掺杂以调整AlN陶瓷的微波吸收性能。具体地,将一定含量高微波吸收的导体、半导体或介质第二相掺入AlN粉体中,例如钨、铜、石墨、玻璃碳、碳纳米管、碳化硅等,通过混料、成型和烧结,即可制备出高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。
发明内容
针对上述研究现状,本发明创新地通过在γ-Al2O3中引入过量的碳(C,炭黑、石墨、玻璃碳、碳纳米管等)经碳热还原氮化法(CTRN,carbothermal reduction andnitridation),先制备出含C的亚微米级AlN粉体,再结合少量的稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物掺杂,经干压成型,热压烧结,最终得到高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。
本发明提供了一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包括:
(1)将含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体、稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物混合,得到混合粉体;
(2)将所得混合粉体压制成型后,再经热压烧结,得到高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料。
在本领域中,通常采用微波吸收性能高的第二相直接掺入AlN粉体中,经成型及烧结工艺,实现对陶瓷微波吸收性能的调节。本发明采用γ-Al2O3和C按特定比例(确保C过量)配料混合,经CTRN过程制备出既含亚微米级AlN又含纳米级C的粉体,然后与稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物烧结助剂混合,经干压成型及热压烧结,制得高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。在γ-Al2O3中引入过量的无定形C,一方面C作为反应原料利用CTRN制得亚微米级AlN粉体,确保γ-Al2O3充分转化为AlN;另一方面过量C作为微波吸收剂,改善AlN陶瓷的微波吸收性能;另外,过量的C以纳米颗粒的形式与亚微米级AlN均匀混合,提高素坯堆积密度,降低烧结温度。稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物与AlN中的杂质氧(氧化铝)反应生成适量的低温液相,可以实现AlN陶瓷在低温条件下致密烧结,促进氮化铝陶瓷晶粒长大,维持AlN陶瓷的高热导率。
较佳的,所述含C的亚微米级AlN粉体中C的摩尔含量为10~31mol%;所述含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的粒径为500~1500nm。
较佳的,所述含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的制备方法,包括:按照γ-Al2O3:碳材料的摩尔比为1:3.2~3.6进行配料并混合后,经碳热还原氮化法,得到含碳的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体;所述碳热还原氮化法的参数包括:氮气气氛为0.005~0.05MPa,温度为1500~1800℃,时间为2~10小时。
较佳的,所述的γ-Al2O3为高纯纳米粉,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm;
所述碳材料为高纯纳米碳粉,优选所述碳材料选自炭黑、石墨、玻璃碳、碳纳米管中的至少一种,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm。
较佳的,所述稀土金属氧化物选自La2O3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Yb2O3和Sc2O3中的至少一种;所述稀土金属氧化物的添加量为含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的2~10wt%。
较佳的,所述碱土金属化合物选自碱土金属氧化物、碱土金属碳酸盐或碱土金属氟化物中至少一种,优选自MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、MgF2、CaF2、BaF2中的至少一种;所述碱土金属化合物的添加量为含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的100~500ppm。
较佳的,所述压制成型的方式为干压;所述干压的压力为2~20MPa,保压时间为30~300秒;所述热压烧结的参数包括:气氛为流动氮气气氛,压力为5~50MPa,温度为1700~1900℃,烧结时间2~10小时;所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.005~0.05MPa、优选为0.003MPa,流量为0.5~2L/min、优选为1.0L/min。
本发明还提供了一种根据上述的制备方法得到的高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的物相为纤锌矿型氮化铝相、石榴石相、无定形碳,相对密度≥99.5%。
较佳的,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的晶粒尺寸为3~10μm,石榴石相分布在晶界处,无定形C的纳米颗粒聚集在氮化铝晶粒内部和晶界处。
较佳的,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料在室温条件下的热导率≥50W/m·K;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料在2~18GHz之间的介电常数≥10,在2~18GHz之间的介电损耗≥0.2;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的弯曲强度≥350MPa;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的硬度≥8GPa;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的断裂韧性≥3MPa·m1/2;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的热膨胀系数在4.0~5.5ppm/℃之间。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)不同于直接向AlN中引入微波吸收性能高的第二相,本发明创新地通过在原料粉体(γ-Al2O3)中引入过量的无定形C,一方面C作为反应原料利用CTRN制得亚微米级AlN粉体,确保γ-Al2O3充分转化为AlN;另一方面过量C作为微波吸收剂,改善AlN陶瓷的微波吸收性能;另外,过量的C以纳米颗粒的形式与亚微米级AlN均匀混合,提高素坯堆积密度,降低烧结温度,结合稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物的掺杂,制备出高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。
(2)本发明提供的含C亚微米级AlN粉体材料,经热压烧结制备得到的陶瓷材料热导率高,微波吸收性能好,力学性能优异。
(3)本发明采用γ-Al2O3、纳米C,在国内市场供应充足、价格更低廉且更易国产化,使高性能陶瓷的低成本化制备成为可能。
(4)本发明所述的材料主要采用行星球磨机混料,陶瓷采用热压烧结,陶瓷材料性能稳定,适用于批量化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的含C的AlN粉体SEM图;
图2为实施例1制备得到含C的AlN陶瓷XRD衍射图谱;
图3为实施例1制备得到的AlN陶瓷SEM断面形貌图;
图4为实施例1制备的高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷在2-18GHz频率下的介电性能图,其中(a)为介电常数,(b)为介电损耗。
具体实施方式
以下通过下述实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。
本发明通过在γ-Al2O3中掺杂过量的C,经CTRN过程制备出含C的亚微米级AlN粉体,结合稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物掺杂,制备出高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料。不同于现有报道在AlN中掺入微波吸收性能高的第二相,本发明在γ-Al2O3中引入过量的C,一方面C作为反应原料利用CTRN制得亚微米级AlN粉体,确保γ-Al2O3充分转化为AlN;另一方面过量C作为微波吸收剂,改善AlN陶瓷的微波吸收性能;另外,过量C以纳米颗粒的形式与亚微米级AlN均匀混合,提高素坯堆积密度,降低烧结温度。稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物作为烧结助剂与AlN中的杂质氧(氧化铝)反应生成适量的低温液相,可以实现AlN陶瓷在低温条件下致密烧结,促进氮化铝陶瓷晶粒长大,提高AlN陶瓷的热导率。
以下示例性说明本发明所述高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法主要包括:含C的亚微米级AlN粉体制备和高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷制备两个部分。
配料。按照γ-Al2O3:C的摩尔比为1:(3.2~3.9)(优选1:(3.3~3.6))进行配料,得到粉料。其中,所述的γ-Al2O3为高纯纳米粉,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm;所述的C为高纯纳米粉,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm。C含量过多,会导致陶瓷难以烧结致密,进而导致力学性能下降、热导率显著下降、介电常数显著下降。C含量过低,氧化铝没有充分转化为氮化铝,导致陶瓷的热导率不高,没有足够的C吸收微波,导致陶瓷的微波吸收性能显著下降。
混合。将粉料:去离子水:高纯氧化铝球按照质量比为1:1:5混合,250~300转/分钟的条件下球磨12~30小时,得到混合均匀的球磨料。
干燥和过筛。将球磨料经60~100℃烘干24小时,并过100~150目筛,得到原料粉体。
碳热还原氮化。将原料粉体经1500~1800℃碳热还原氮化处理2~10小时,制备出含C的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体。所用容器为石墨坩埚,氮源是高纯氮气(纯度>99.99%),流动氮气气氛的压强约为0.05~0.1MPa,氮气流量为0.5~2.0L/min;所述生成的AlN为高纯亚微米粉,粒径为0.5~1.5μm,氧含量≤1.0wt%;无定形C以纳米颗粒的形式分布在AlN颗粒周围。
混合。将稀土金属氧化物、碱土金属化合物、含C的AlN粉体进行球磨混合,溶剂选择酒精,研磨球为高纯氧化铝球,250~300转/分钟的转速条件下球磨混合12~24小时,得到混合浆料,将混合浆料经60~120℃干燥24小时,过筛得到混合粉体。
在可选的实施方式中,所述稀土氧化物源选自La2O3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Yb2O3和Sc2O3中的至少一种,纯度≥99.9%;所述碱土金属化合物源选自MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、MgF2、CaF2、BaF2中的至少一种,纯度≥99.9%。
在可选的实施方式中,所述稀土金属氧化物的添加量为含C的AlN陶瓷粉体的2~10wt%。其过高或过低均会造成陶瓷热导率降低。稀土金属氧化物含量过低,生成的低温液相过少,可能导致AlN晶粒中仍有氧残留,以及无法实现低温致密化烧结,导致陶瓷的热导率降低;稀土金属氧化物含量过高,可能会生成未知的低热导率的第二相,导致热导率下降。在可选的实施方式中,所述碱土金属化合物的添加量为100~500ppm。碱土金属化合物含量过低,陶瓷中生成的液相过少,造成AlN颗粒表面的氧含量过高,导致氧缺陷在AlN晶格中形成,降低陶瓷的热导率;碱土金属化合物含量过高可能会导致生成其他低热导率的碱土金属第二相,包裹住AlN陶瓷晶粒,同样会导致陶瓷的热导率下降。
成型。将得到的混合粉体干压成型,制得陶瓷素坯。干压的压力为2~20MPa,保压时间为30~300秒。
热压烧结。在流动氮气气氛下,将陶瓷素坯经1700~1900℃热压烧结2~10小时,得到高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。其中,所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.005~0.05MPa,流量为0.5~5L/min。热压烧结过程,在烧结助剂和氧化铝反应生成低温液相的基础上,施加外力,促进陶瓷在低温条件下实现致密化烧结,提高陶瓷的热导率。应注意,烧结温度过低,陶瓷的致密度较低,气孔含量较高,导致陶瓷的热导率下降;温度过高可能会导致陶瓷物相发生变化,或者部分低温液相析出过多,降低陶瓷的热导率。
不同于常规,采用微波吸收性能高的第二相直接掺入AlN粉体中,经成型及烧结,实现对陶瓷微波吸收性能的调节。本发明采用γ-Al2O3和C按特定比例(确保C过量)配料混合,经CTRN过程制备出既含亚微米级AlN又含纳米C的粉体。在γ-Al2O3中引入过量的C,一方面C作为反应原料利用CTRN制得亚微米级AlN粉体,确保γ-Al2O3充分转化为AlN;另一方面过量C作为微波吸收剂,改善AlN陶瓷的微波吸收性能;另外,过量的C以纳米颗粒的形式与亚微米级AlN均匀混合,提高素坯堆积密度,降低烧结温度。掺入适量的稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物,经干压成型及热压烧结后,制得高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷。烧结助剂与AlN中的杂质氧(氧化铝)反应生成适量的低温液相,结合热压烧结,既可以促进陶瓷在低温条件下致密烧结实现高导热,又可以实现较高的微波吸收性能。
通过本发明提供的上述方法制备得到的高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的物相为纤锌矿型氮化铝相、石榴石相、无定形碳。所述氮化铝陶瓷的晶粒尺寸为3~10μm,石榴石相分布在晶界处,无定形C的纳米颗粒聚集在氮化铝晶粒内部和晶界处。
性能测试:
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的相对密度≥99.5%;室温条件下的热导率≥50W/m·K,介电常数≥10(@2-18GHz),介电损耗≥0.2(@2-18GHz);采用三点抗弯测试陶瓷材料的弯曲强度≥350MPa;采用压痕法测试高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的硬度≥8GPa;断裂韧性≥3MPa·m1/2;热膨胀系数在4.0-5.5ppm/℃之间。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
(1)配料。按照γ-Al2O3:C的质量比为1:3.3进行配料。其中,所述γ-Al2O3粉体的粒径约为30nm;所述C粉的粒径约为20nm;
(2)混合。将步骤(1)所得粉料:去离子水:高纯氧化铝球按照1:1:5的质量比混合,250转/分钟的条件下球磨20小时,得到混合均匀的球磨料;
(3)干燥和过筛。将步骤(2)所得球磨料经60℃烘干24小时,并过100目筛;
(4)碳热还原氮化。将步骤(3)所得粉体经1650℃碳热还原氮化处理4小时,制备出含C的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体;
(5)混合。将4.0g Y2O3、200ppm CaO掺入AlN粉体进行球磨混合,溶剂选择酒精,研磨球为高纯氧化铝球,270转/分钟的转速条件下球磨混合20小时,得到混合浆料,将混合浆料经60℃干燥24小时,过筛得到混合粉体;
(6)成型。将步骤(5)所得混合粉体干压成型,制得陶瓷素坯;
(7)热压烧结。在20MPa的压力条件下,将步骤(6)所得的陶瓷素坯在一定压强的流动氮气气氛下经1825℃热压烧结5小时,得到AlN陶瓷。所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.02MPa,流量为2L/min。
实施例2
(1)配料。按照γ-Al2O3:C粉的质量比为1:3.4进行配料,得到粉料。其中,所述γ-Al2O3粉体的粒径约为30nm;所述碳粉的粒径约为20nm;
(2)混合。将步骤(1)所得粉料:去离子水:高纯氧化铝球按照1:1:5的质量比混合,270转/分钟的条件下球磨24小时,得到混合均匀的球磨料;
(3)干燥和过筛。将步骤(2)所得球磨料经60℃烘干24小时,并过120目筛;
(4)碳热还原氮化。将步骤(3)所得粉体经1600℃碳热还原氮化处理2小时,制备出含C的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体;
(5)混合。将4.1g Y2O3、180ppm CaF2掺入AlN粉体进行球磨混合,溶剂选择酒精,研磨球为高纯氧化铝球,270转/分钟的转速条件下球磨混合20小时,得到混合浆料,将混合浆料经60℃干燥24小时,过筛得到混合粉体;
(6)成型。将步骤(5)所得混合粉体干压成型,制得陶瓷素坯;
(7)热压烧结。在15MPa的压力条件下,将步骤(6)所得的陶瓷素坯在一定压强的流动氮气气氛下经1800℃热压烧结5小时,得到AlN陶瓷。所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.03MPa,流量为1.0L/min。
实施例3
(1)配料。按照γ-Al2O3:C粉的质量比为1:3.5进行配料,得到粉料。其中,所述γ-Al2O3粉体的粒径为30nm;所述碳粉的粒径为20nm;
(2)混合。将步骤(1)所得粉料:去离子水:高纯氧化铝球按照1:1:5的质量比混合,270转/分钟的条件下球磨28小时,得到混合均匀的球磨料;
(3)干燥和过筛。将步骤(2)所得球磨料经60℃烘干24小时,并过100目筛;
(4)碳热还原氮化。将步骤(3)所得粉体经1600℃碳热还原氮化处理2小时,制备出含C的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体;
(5)混合。将4.2g Y2O3、150ppm CaO掺入AlN粉体进行球磨混合,溶剂选择酒精,研磨球为高纯氧化铝球,270转/分钟的转速条件下球磨混合20小时,得到混合浆料,将混合浆料经60℃干燥24小时,过筛得到混合粉体;
(6)成型。将步骤(7)所得混合粉体干压成型,制得陶瓷素坯;
(7)热压烧结。在25MPa的压力条件下,将步骤(6)所得的陶瓷素坯在一定压强的流动氮气气氛下经1750℃热压烧结5小时,得到AlN陶瓷。所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.01MPa,流量为1.0L/min。
实施例4
本实施例4中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:3.401。
实施例5
本实施例5中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:3.554。
实施例6
本实施例6中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:3.800。
实施例7
本实施例7中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:3.900。
对比例1
本对比例1中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:3.000。
对比例2
本对比例2中高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备过程参见实施例1,区别仅在于:γ-Al2O3和C的摩尔比=1:4.000。
表1为实施例1-3中所采用的各种原料的质量比例和主要烧结工艺参数:
表2为实施例1-3中所得高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷的主要性能参数:
从表2可以看出,采用稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物掺杂含C的氮化铝陶瓷粉体,经热压烧结,得到的高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷的物相为纤锌矿型氮化铝相、石榴石相、无定形碳,相对密度≥99.5%;所述氮化铝陶瓷样品在室温条件下的热导率≥50W/m·K,从图4可以看出,该高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷在2-18GHz频率下的介电常数≥10,介电损耗≥0.2。
表3为实施例1-3中所得高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷的主要性能参数
从表3可以看出,采用稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物掺杂含C的亚微米级氮化铝陶瓷粉体,经热压烧结,得到的高导热微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷在室温条件下的弯曲强度≥350MPa,硬度≥8GPa,断裂韧性≥3MPa·m1/2,热膨胀系数在4.0~5.5ppm/℃之间。
图1为实施例1制备得到的含C的AlN粉体SEM图,从图中可看出C以纳米颗粒的形式均匀地分布在AlN晶粒的周围,AlN晶粒尺寸D50=0.75±0.01μm;
图2为实施例1制备得到含C的AlN陶瓷XRD衍射图谱,由AlN、YAG(Y3Al5O12)、无定形C组成,与之对应的标准卡片分别是AlN(PDF#75-1620)、Y3Al5O12(PDF#09-0310)。同时,未发现其他物相存在;
图3为实施例1制备得到的AlN陶瓷SEM断面形貌图,由图可见,AlN陶瓷整体形貌致密,AlN陶瓷的晶粒尺寸约为5μm,其中,YAG以第二相的形式分布在晶界处,C在晶界和晶粒处均有分布,并且仍以纳米C颗粒的形式存在。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体、稀土金属氧化物和碱土金属化合物混合,得到混合粉体;
(2)将所得混合粉体压制成型后,再经热压烧结,得到高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含C的亚微米级AlN粉体中C的摩尔含量为10~31mol%;所述含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的粒径为500~1500nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的制备方法,包括:按照γ-Al2O3:碳材料的摩尔比为1:(3.2~3.9)进行配料并混合后,经碳热还原氮化法,得到含碳的亚微米级AlN陶瓷粉体;所述碳热还原氮化法的参数包括:氮气气氛为0.005~0.05MPa,温度为1500~1800℃,时间为2~10小时。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的γ-Al2O3为高纯纳米粉,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm;
所述碳材料为高纯纳米碳粉,优选所述碳材料选自炭黑、石墨、玻璃碳、碳纳米管中的至少一种,纯度≥99.9%,粒度≤100nm。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土金属氧化物选自La2O3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Yb2O3和Sc2O3中的至少一种;所述稀土金属氧化物的添加量为含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的2~10wt%。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱土金属化合物选自碱土金属氧化物、碱土金属碳酸盐或碱土金属氟化物中至少一种,优选自MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、MgF2、CaF2、BaF2中的至少一种;所述碱土金属化合物的添加量为含碳的亚微米级AlN粉体的100~500ppm。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述压制成型的方式为干压;所述干压的压力为2~20MPa,保压时间为30~300秒;
所述热压烧结的参数包括:气氛为流动氮气气氛,压力为5~50MPa,温度为1700~1900℃,烧结时间2~10小时;所述流动氮气气氛的压强为0.005~0.05MPa、优选为0.003MPa,流量为0.5~2L/min、优选为1.0L/min。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的制备方法得到的高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的物相为纤锌矿型氮化铝相、石榴石相、无定形碳,相对密度≥99.5%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的晶粒尺寸为3~10μm,石榴石相分布在晶界处,无定形C的纳米颗粒聚集在氮化铝晶粒内部和晶界处。
10.根据权利要求8所述的高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料在室温条件下的热导率≥50W/m·K;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料在2~18GHz之间的介电常数≥10,在2~18GHz之间的介电损耗≥0.2;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的弯曲强度≥350MPa;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的硬度≥8GPa;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的断裂韧性≥3MPa·m1/2;
所述高导热、高微波吸收氮化铝陶瓷材料的热膨胀系数在4.0~5.5ppm/℃之间。
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