CN117503882A - 中药组合物及其制剂、用途 - Google Patents
中药组合物及其制剂、用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117503882A CN117503882A CN202311525755.9A CN202311525755A CN117503882A CN 117503882 A CN117503882 A CN 117503882A CN 202311525755 A CN202311525755 A CN 202311525755A CN 117503882 A CN117503882 A CN 117503882A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药组合物,包括以下原料:生藤、金银花、菊花、薄荷、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、青蒿、杏仁、石膏、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡。还公开了包含所述中药组合物的制剂以及其在制备治疗病毒性肺炎药物中的应用。本发明所述中药组合物对于病毒性肺炎引起的高烧咳嗽症状有快速缓解作用,可以有效治疗病毒性肺炎,减轻患者痛苦,经过多年临床实践证明了安全性和有效性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,尤其涉及中药组合物及其制剂、用途。
背景技术
病毒性肺炎是上呼吸道病毒感染向下蔓延引起来的肺部炎症,一年四季都可见,多发生于冬春季节,引起病毒性肺炎的病毒约有二十多种,包括流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、副流感嗜血病毒、冠状病毒、巨细胞病毒、EB病毒等。患者可同时受一种以上病毒感染,并常继发细菌感染,免疫力低的患者还常继发真菌感染。呼吸道病毒可通过飞沫与直接接触传播,且传播迅速、传播面广。病毒性肺炎通常起病迅速、进展较快,主要临床症状为发热、咳嗽,随着病程的进展,可出现持续高热、胸闷、呼吸困难、肺脓肿、胸腔积液、肺不张等并发症,严重时会引起肺功能不全、休克、呼吸衰竭,甚至多器官衰竭,最终危及生命。禽流感病毒、SARS病毒等都可以引起重症肺炎,带来较高的死亡率,尤其对于年老体弱和免疫缺损的患者。病毒性肺炎需要及时诊断,予以治疗。
目前,实验室确认最常用的方法是通过呼吸道分泌物的逆转录聚合酶链反应检测病毒核酸。抗病毒药物可根据感染病毒的药物敏感性来选择。常用药物有利巴韦林,奥司他韦等,在没有相应敏感的药物的情况下,主要是采取支持性治疗。康复期患者血浆已被用于SARS和MERS等引起的病毒性肺炎患者,如果在发病早期应用可改善预后。
中医认为病毒性肺炎的病因主要为感受温邪。温邪最易侵犯肺系引起呼吸道系统疾病,感受温邪导致病毒性肺炎的理论与现代流行病学关于此病发病机制的阐述相似,中医认为“正气存内,邪不可干。”因此中医在治疗病毒性肺炎时,不但提倡驱邪外出,更重视辅助扶助患者自身的正气,以获得正胜邪却的效果。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题,本发明在传统方剂的基础上合方化裁,得到一种对于病毒性肺炎具有更好治疗效果的中药组合物及其制剂。
本发明具体方案如下:
本发明目的之一在于,提供了一种中药组合物,包括以下原料:生藤、金银花、菊花、薄荷、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、青蒿、杏仁、石膏、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡。
在此中药组合物中各组分的功能如下:
生藤:祛风解表,止咳化痰,行气止痛;
金银花:清热解毒,疗风养血止渴;
连翘:疏散风热、清热解毒、消肿散结;
麻黄:发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿;
百部:湿润肺气、化痰止咳;
石膏:清热泻火、除烦止渴;
紫菀:发散、清泄火热,化痰止咳;
黄芩:清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血;
菊花:疏散风热、平肝明目、清热解毒;
薄荷:疏散风热,清利头目,利咽,透疹,疏肝行气;
桔梗:宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓;
滇柴胡:解表散寒、疏肝和胃;
前胡:清风热,理肺气,除实热;
牛蒡子:清肝经郁火,理肺风热;
麦冬:养阴生津、润肺清心、润喉、缓解疲劳;
杏仁:行痰解肌,除风散寒;
知母:清肾火,润肺滋阴;
青蒿:解暑退蒸、凉血止血;
炙鳖甲:滋阴清热,潜阳熄风,软坚散结;
甘草:清热解毒、补脾益气、润肺化痰、缓急止痛、调和诸药。
本发明所述中药组合物以生藤、麻黄、金银花、连翘、炙鳖甲、青蒿为君药,可发汗解表,宣肺泄火,滋阴透热。石膏、知母、前胡、紫菀、牛蒡子、百部、菊花、黄芩、桔梗、滇柴胡、薄荷为臣药,可清热祛邪,养阴润燥,止咳化痰。杏仁、麦冬为佐药,协助君药,润肺平喘,生津养液。甘草为使药,止咳平喘的同时调和诸药,解药性之毒。
优选地,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤5~50份、金银花5~50份、菊花5~50份、薄荷5~50份、连翘5~50份、桔梗5~50份、前胡5~50份、知母5~50份、紫菀5~50份、百部5~50份、牛蒡子5~50份、炙鳖甲5~50份、青蒿5~50份、杏仁5~50份、石膏5~50份、麻黄5~50份、甘草5~50份、麦冬5~50份、黄芩5~50份、滇柴胡5~50份。
优选地,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤10~30份、金银花10~30份、菊花10~30份、薄荷10~30份、连翘10~30份、桔梗10~30份、前胡10~30份、知母10~30份、紫菀10~30份、百部10~30份、牛蒡子10~30份、炙鳖甲10~30份、青蒿10~30份、杏仁10~30份、石膏10~30份、麻黄10~30份、甘草10~30份、麦冬10~30份、黄芩10~30份、滇柴胡10~30份。
本发明目的之二在于,提供了一种药物制剂,其包含上述任一项中药组合物。
优选地,还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地,所述药物制剂包括膏剂、汤剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂、滴剂、茶剂、合剂中的任意一种。尤其是,制备成颗粒剂和胶囊剂,能够方便保存、携带和服用。
优选地,所述药物制剂选自膏剂。
优选地,所述膏剂为浸膏剂,其制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)按比例取上述原料粉碎后备用;(2)将石膏放入容器中,加入20倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮0.5h,过滤,得石膏煎煮液;(3)将生藤、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、杏仁、石膏煎煮液、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡用20倍量的纯化水,浸泡30分钟,加入石膏煎煮液,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮30分钟,加入金银花、菊花、薄荷、青蒿共煎10分钟,过滤,收集滤液;(4)取滤渣再加10倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮10min,过滤后合并两次滤液,将滤液浓缩,得浸膏剂。
本发明目的之三在于,提供了所述中药组合物或所述药物制剂在制备治疗病毒性肺炎药物中的应用。
优选地,病毒性肺炎中致病病毒包括流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、副流感嗜血病毒、冠状病毒、巨细胞病毒、EB病毒中至少一种。
本发明对于引起病毒性肺炎的冠状病毒不作具体限定,包括但不限于新型冠状病毒。本发明对于引起病毒性肺炎的流感病毒不作具体限定,包括但不限于流感病毒株H1N1。
本发明所述中药组合物除了能在制备治疗病毒性肺炎药物中应用,还可在制备治疗微生物合并感染疾病药物中应用。
本发明有益效果:
本发明提供了一种治疗病毒性肺炎的中药组合物,是在传统方剂基础上合方化裁而来,经过多年临床实践证明了安全性和有效性,对于病毒性肺炎引起的高烧咳嗽症状有快速缓解作用,具有多靶点-多效应-多途径的医治特点。所述中药组合物含多种广谱抗病毒成分和抗菌成分,病原微生物不容易产生耐药,抗炎能力显著,可增强患者免疫力,具有起效快,副作用小,费用低等优势,可以有效治疗病毒性肺炎,减轻患者痛苦,挽救生命,治疗后患者不容易产生病毒感染后遗症。
附图说明
图1为原始MDCK细胞的光学显微镜图;
图2为原始MDCK细胞+流感病毒H1N1感染后的光学显微镜图;
图3为原始MDCK细胞+流感病毒H1N1+阴性对照血清的光学显微镜图;
图4为原始MDCK细胞+流感病毒H1N1+阳性对照血清的光学显微镜图;
图5为原始MDCK细胞+流感病毒H1N1+中药组合物血清的光学显微镜图;
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,但是应该明确提出这些实施例用于举例说明,但是不解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种中药组合物,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤6克、金银花15克、菊花15克、薄荷9克、连翘13克、桔梗5克、前胡5克、知母10克、紫菀5克、百部8克、牛蒡子5克、炙鳖甲15克、青蒿5克、杏仁5克、石膏10克、麻黄7克、甘草5克、麦冬5克、黄芩10克、滇柴胡5克。
一种浸膏剂,其制备方法包括:(1)取上述原料粉碎后备用;(2)将石膏放入容器中,加入20倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮0.5h,过滤,得石膏煎煮液;(3)将生藤、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、杏仁、石膏煎煮液、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡用20倍量的纯化水,浸泡30分钟,加入石膏煎煮液,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮30分钟,加入金银花、菊花、薄荷、青蒿共煎10分钟,过滤,收集滤液;(3)取滤渣再加10倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮10min,过滤后合并两次滤液,将滤液浓缩,得浸膏剂。
实施例2
一种中药颗粒剂,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤150克、金银花150克、菊花100克、薄荷120克、连翘100克、桔梗150克、前胡130克、知母100克、紫菀150克、百部150克、牛蒡子150克、炙鳖甲300克、青蒿200克、杏仁150克、石膏300克、麻黄120克、甘草100克、麦冬150克、黄芩150克、滇柴胡100克。
所述中药颗粒剂的制备方法包括:
(1)将石膏放入容器中,加入20倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮0.5h,过滤,得石膏煎煮液;(2)将生藤、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、杏仁、石膏煎煮液、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡用20倍量的纯化水,浸泡30分钟,加入石膏煎煮液,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮30分钟,加入金银花、菊花、薄荷、青蒿共煎10分钟,过滤,收集滤液;(3)取滤渣再加10倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮10min,过滤后合并两次滤液,将滤液浓缩,得浸膏;(4)将得到的浸膏加入适量环糊精制备软材,过24目筛制粒,50℃干燥,即得颗粒剂。
实施例3
一种中药汤剂,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤15克、金银花15克、菊花12克、 薄荷12克、连翘10克、桔梗15克、前胡15克、知母12克、紫菀15克、百部15克、牛蒡子15克、炙 鳖甲30克、青蒿20克、杏仁15克、石膏30克、麻黄12克、甘草10克、麦冬15克、黄芩15克、滇柴 胡15克。
所述中药汤剂的制备方法包括:
(1)将石膏放入容器中,加入20倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮0.5h,过滤,得石膏煎煮液;(2)将生藤、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、杏仁、石膏煎煮液、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡用20倍量的纯化水,浸泡30分钟,加入石膏煎煮 液,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮30分钟,加入金银花、菊花、薄荷、青蒿共煎10分钟,过滤,收集滤液;(3)取滤渣再加10倍量的纯化水,大火煎煮至沸腾转文火煎煮10min,过滤后合并两 次滤液,可作为汤剂饮用。成人一日分4次服下。
为了研究所述中药组合物的药理作用,采用连花清瘟胶囊(以岭药业)为阳性对照药物,用以下体外和体内实验方法评估了此中药组合物的抗病毒和抗炎效果:
(1)中药组合物血清对流感病毒株H1N1的体外抑制实验
3只雄性SD大鼠灌胃纯净水,作为阴性对照组;3只雄性SD大鼠灌胃临床等效剂量的连花清瘟胶囊内容物水悬液,作为阳性对照组;3只雄性SD大鼠灌胃临床等效剂量的本中药汤剂,作为实验组。
连续灌胃3天后,麻醉大鼠后心脏取血,采血管室温静置30分钟后,4℃1600g离心10分钟,取血清,将每组3只大鼠血清混合,分别得到阴性对照血清、阳性对照血清和中药组合物血清。
将犬肾细胞MDCK接种于96孔培养板,37℃5% CO2条件下培养24小时,待细胞形成细胞单层后,加入流感病毒H1N1 PR8/34亚型培养液(50×TCID 50)感染细胞2小时,去除病毒液后,分别换入用RPMI 1640培养基稀释为15%的中药组合物血清、阴性对照血清、阳性对照血清,每天显微镜下观察细胞病变(CPE),经72小时待病毒对照完全病变后,确定样品对流感病毒诱导的细胞病变的抑制作用。
200倍光镜下观察的(1)原始MDCK细胞的光学显微镜图如图1所示;(2)原始MDCK细胞加入流感病毒H1N1 PR8/34亚型培养液感染72h后的光学显微镜图如图2所示;(3)去除病毒液后,换入阴性对照血清72h后的光学显微镜图如图3所示;(4)去除病毒液后,换入阳性对照血清72h后的光学显微镜图如图4所示;(5)去除病毒液后,换入中药组合物血清72h后的光学显微镜图如图5所示。
可以看出,连花清瘟胶囊和本发明所述中药汤剂对流感病毒H1N1毒株诱导的CPE均有25%左右的抑制活性。此实验证明了本发明所述中药汤剂与连花清瘟胶囊一样具有直接抗病毒能力。
(2)抗炎活性效果测试
24只SFP级别健康雄性昆明小鼠购入动物房后适应饲养一周,体重18~22g,环境要求温度(22±1)℃,相对湿度保持(55±5)%,饲养期间饮水、采食自由,所有条件均严格按照实验动物相关要求执行。
小鼠被随机平均分为4组,即阴性对照组、脓毒症模型组、连花清瘟胶囊组、中药汤剂组。脓毒症模型组、连花清瘟胶囊组、中药汤剂组进行脂多糖(LPS)溶液腹腔注射,剂量为15mg/kg,阴性对照组腹腔注射等体积的灭菌生理盐水。造模7小时后,用连花清瘟胶囊组和中药汤剂组按照0.1ml/10g灌胃临床等效剂量。阴性对照组和脓毒症模型组以灭菌纯净水等体积灌胃。每日上午和下午分别固定时间灌胃一次,连续灌胃3天,每日观察并用视频记录每组动物的存活率和表现。
观察发现:(1)阴性对照组动物在实验过程中一直保持与建模前同样的精神状态。在腹腔注射LPS溶液7小时之后即观察到动物精神萎靡,毛发色泽暗淡,活动减少,寒战,粪便变稀;(2)建模24小时后脓毒症模型组症状加重,更加虚弱,毛发耸立,眼睛严重红肿难以睁开,眼角有分泌物,在次日状态略有恢复,第三日状态更加恢复,在三日内共死亡2只小鼠;(3)连花清瘟胶囊组在灌胃24小时之后观察到炎症症状比脓毒症模型组症状轻,三日内死亡2只小鼠;(4)中药汤剂组在灌胃之后每个时间点观察到的各种炎症症状比连花清瘟胶囊组明显轻微,动物精神状态较好,比较活跃,毛发较顺滑,眼部正常,无动物死亡。此实验证明本发明所述中药汤剂比连花清瘟胶囊的抗炎能力更强,医治效果更好。
典型临床治疗案例
案例1:戴某,男,8岁,发热39度以上超过三天,咳嗽剧烈,呼吸喘促,胸透右肺下叶后基底炎变,施用抗生素和抗病毒药物后无好转,服用实施例3所述中药汤剂后,次日体温恢复正常,咳嗽明显缓解,第三日右肺细湿啰音消失,七日后痊愈。
案例2:龚某,男,26岁,落水后着凉,发热40度,头痛,浑身肌肉酸痛,咳嗽,痰液粘稠呈黄色,难以咳出,经医院检查诊断为流行性感冒并发大叶性肺炎,合并细菌感染。服用实施例3所述中药汤剂后次日体温降至正常,咳嗽缓解,5日后痊愈。
案例3:贾某某,女,45岁,持续三天发热39度以上,咽痛,咳嗽剧烈,痰液呈白黏状态,胸闷乏力,CT检查双肺下叶多发斑片状磨玻璃影,新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阳性,新型冠状病毒核酸检测为阳性,确诊为新型冠状病毒感染。服用实施例3所述中药汤剂治疗后次日体温降至正常,咳嗽和咽痛缓解,痰液开始变稀清,患者精神大为恢复,七日后新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阴性,核酸检测为阴性。
案例4:张某某,男,78岁,持续四日发热38.5度以上,咳嗽,咳痰粘稠,胸闷伴有胸痛,大便干结,指尖测血氧浓度为90%,CT检查双肺多发感染性病变,新型冠状病毒抗原和核酸检测均为阳性,确诊为新型冠状病毒感染。服用实施例3所述中药汤剂治疗两日后体温恢复正常,咳嗽缓解,胸部闷痛消失,血氧浓度为95%,患者精神有较大恢复,六日后症状完全消失,CT检查结果为肺部正常,八日后新型冠状病毒抗原和核酸检测为阴性。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,包括以下原料:生藤、金银花、菊花、薄荷、连翘、桔梗、前胡、知母、紫菀、百部、牛蒡子、炙鳖甲、青蒿、杏仁、石膏、麻黄、甘草、麦冬、黄芩、滇柴胡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤5~50份、金银花5~50份、菊花5~50份、薄荷5~50份、连翘5~50份、桔梗5~50份、前胡5~50份、知母5~50份、紫菀5~50份、百部5~50份、牛蒡子5~50份、炙鳖甲5~50份、青蒿5~50份、杏仁5~50份、石膏5~50份、麻黄5~50份、甘草5~50份、麦冬5~50份、黄芩5~50份、滇柴胡5~50份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:生藤10~30份、金银花10~30份、菊花10~30份、薄荷10~30份、连翘10~30份、桔梗10~30份、前胡10~30份、知母10~30份、紫菀10~30份、百部10~30份、牛蒡子10~30份、炙鳖甲10~30份、青蒿10~30份、杏仁10~30份、石膏10~30份、麻黄10~30份、甘草10~30份、麦冬10~30份、黄芩10~30份、滇柴胡10~30份。
4.一种药物制剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-3任一项所述中药组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂包括膏剂、汤剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂、滴剂、茶剂、合剂中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂选自膏剂。
8.权利要求1-3任一项所述中药组合物或权利要求4-7任一项所述的药物制剂在制备治疗病毒性肺炎药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述病毒性肺炎中致病病毒包括流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、副流感嗜血病毒、冠状病毒、巨细胞病毒、EB病毒中至少一种。
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