CN117461716A - Method for increasing addition amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for increasing addition amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461716A CN117461716A CN202311670170.6A CN202311670170A CN117461716A CN 117461716 A CN117461716 A CN 117461716A CN 202311670170 A CN202311670170 A CN 202311670170A CN 117461716 A CN117461716 A CN 117461716A
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- rapeseed meal
- rapeseed
- complete feed
- duck
- feed
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- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004470 DL Methionine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 5
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- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003569 thioglycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUJXHFRXWWGYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-O sinapine Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)=CC(OC)=C1O HUJXHFRXWWGYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMURLIQHQSKULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione Chemical class S=C1NCCO1 UMURLIQHQSKULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010018498 Goitre Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014897 Streptococcus lactis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000579 abdominal fat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021052 average daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000003872 goiter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001985 kidney epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3571—Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in a complete feed for ducks and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rapeseed meal is mixed with a carbon source, then 7% of zymophyte is inoculated for fermentation, and after the rapeseed meal ferment is obtained, the rapeseed meal ferment is added as a complete feed for ducks. The invention also discloses application of the method in duck complete feed. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a duck complete feed which comprises the rapeseed dreg fermentation product prepared by the method, wherein the mass fraction of the rapeseed dreg fermentation product is 15-20%. The method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of harmful substances in the rapeseed meal, and simultaneously improve the content of crude protein in the rapeseed meal, so that the addition amount of the rapeseed meal in the duck complete feed can be improved. In addition, the method provided by the invention is simple, low in cost and convenient to popularize and use in the field of duck feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in a complete feed for ducks and application of the method.
Background
The rapeseed meal is a byproduct obtained after the rapeseed oil is squeezed, the crude protein content of the rapeseed meal is more than 32%, and the crude fiber content is less than 12%. Rape is one of the main oil crops in China, and 95% of rapeseeds in China are used for producing edible oil. At present, the common oil pressing technology of rapeseeds comprises two technologies of dynamic rotary pressing and prepressing leaching, wherein the byproduct of the former is rapeseed cakes, and the byproduct of the latter is rapeseed cakes. Is one of varieties of commodity futures.
The main nutrition component of the rapeseed meal is protein, which is an important feed protein raw material. The crude protein content of the common rapeseed dregs is 35-40%. The composition of the amino acid of the rapeseed protein is balanced, and almost no restrictive amino acid exists. The titer of the rapeseed protein is 3-5, which is higher than that of the soybean protein. Compared with other oil meal, the rapeseed meal has the highest content of sulfur-containing amino acids, and the methionine and lysine contents are higher.
However, the rapeseed meal contains more toxic and harmful substances, so that the application of the rapeseed meal in animal daily ration is greatly limited. Such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, oxazolidinethiones, nitriles, sinapine, tannins, phytic acid, and the like. Not only affects the palatability of daily ration and the utilization of other nutrient substances, but also inhibits the growth of animals. Rapeseed meal is used in the compound feed of poultry, and the dosage of the rapeseed meal is limited according to the content of toxic and harmful substances. In the prior art, the poultry feed generally avoids the use of rapeseed meal for young chickens, the broiler chicken consumption is less than 10 percent, the laying hen and the breeding hens are about 8 percent, and the rapeseed meal consumption in the duck feed is generally 10 to 15 percent. If the harmful substances are taken too much, the phenomena of thyromegaly, thyroid gland and kidney epithelial cells drop, liver bleeding and the like of the poultry can be caused.
Therefore, how to provide a method for reducing the content of toxic and harmful substances in rapeseed meal and increasing the addition amount of the toxic and harmful substances in feed is a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the addition amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for increasing the additive amount of rapeseed dregs in duck complete feed comprises mixing rapeseed dregs with carbon source, inoculating 7wt% of zymocyte for fermentation, and adding the mixture as duck complete feed.
The beneficial effects are that: the yield of rapeseeds reaches 1493.07 ten thousand tons each year, the yield of rapeseeds accounts for 21 percent of the yield of rapeseeds worldwide, the rapeseeds are solids obtained by separating oil from rapeseeds through processes such as squeezing and leaching, the average annual yield of China reaches more than 800 ten thousand tons, the protein of the rapeseeds has balanced amino acid composition and higher sulfur-containing amino acid content, wherein the methionine and cystine contents are respectively 0.69 percent and 0.52 percent, the amino acid composition accords with the characteristics of high-quality protein feed, but the non-detoxified rapeseeds have high anti-nutritional factor content, and the protein of the rapeseeds can only be added in a low proportion in the complete feed. The microbial fermentation detoxification provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, less nutrient loss and high detoxification efficiency, and can effectively improve the nutritive value of the rapeseed meal.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the rapeseed meal to the carbon source is 100:1.
preferably, the carbon source is glucose powder.
The beneficial effects are that: the glucose powder is added in the invention to provide sufficient carbon source for microorganisms, so that fermentation bacteria can be rapidly amplified, and the optimal fermentation effect is achieved.
Preferably, the fermentation bacteria are obtained by mixing lactobacillus, bacillus natto and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
The beneficial effects are that: the lactobacillus can generate various antibacterial substances during the fermentation process of the rapeseed meal, so that the breeding of harmful strains is prevented; the saccharomycete can inhibit the growth of mould and prevent mould; bacillus natto secretes multiple enzymes to decompose anti-nutritional factors in rapeseed meal. And the three strains have good synergistic effect.
Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation is 37 ℃ and the time is 48 hours.
Preferably, the ratio of feed water in the fermentation process is 1:1.1, namely 1kg of fermentation feed water is 1.1L.
The beneficial effects are that: under the fermentation conditions, the activity of the fermentation strain is highest, the decomposition efficiency of toxic substances is highest, and harmful substances in the rapeseed meal can be decomposed to the greatest extent.
A method for increasing the additive amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed is applied to the duck complete feed.
The complete feed for ducks comprises the rapeseed dreg fermentation product prepared by the method for improving the addition amount of the rapeseed dreg in the complete feed for ducks, wherein the mass fraction of the rapeseed dreg fermentation product is 15-20%, preferably 20%.
Preferably, the duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 52.03-54.50% of corn, 2.54-3.06% of corn starch, 3.15-4.03% of bran, 16.17-20.10% of soybean meal, 15.00-20.00% of rapeseed meal ferment, 0.30% of salt, 1.39-1.42% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.10-1.13% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.15% of DL-methionine, 0.30-0.38% of lysine salt and 0.38-0.41% of soybean oil.
More preferably, the duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 52.03% of corn, 20% of rapeseed dreg fermentation product, 3.06% of corn starch, 4.04% of bran, 16.17% of soybean dreg, 0.30% of salt, 1.39% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.10% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.15% of DL-methionine, 0.38% of lysine salt and 0.38% of soybean oil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of harmful substances in the rapeseed meal, especially the degradation rate of the sulfuric glucoside can reach 54.35%, and simultaneously the content of crude protein in the rapeseed meal is increased, so that the addition amount of the rapeseed meal in the complete feed for ducks can be increased, and the production performance of ducks can not be reduced even if the content of the rapeseed meal reaches 20%. In addition, the method provided by the invention is simple, low in cost and convenient to popularize and use in the field of duck feed.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof.
The raw materials in the examples of the present invention were all obtained by purchasing them through a commercial route.
Wherein, the rapeseed meal is derived from Guizhou oil-ground pure fragrance ecological grain and oil science and technology limited company (Guizhou, guiyang);
the lactobacillus (Lactococcus lactis) is lactobacillus acidophilus, and the strain number is: ACCC10637;
bacillus natto (Bacillus natto), strain number: CGMCC1.1086;
saccharomycetes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), strain number: CICC31011;
the purity of the glucose powder was 99%.
Example 1
A method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in a complete feed for ducks comprises the following steps:
rapeseed meal and glucose powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:1, then inoculating 7wt% of zymophyte (the lactobacillus, the bacillus natto and the saccharomycetes are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1), adding water until the material-water ratio is 1:1.1, and fermenting at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a rapeseed dreg fermentation product, wherein the rapeseed dreg fermentation product is used as a raw material of the duck complete feed.
Comparative example 1
A rapeseed meal ferment differs from example 1 in that a glucose solution is not added, and only rapeseed meal is used as a raw material to inoculate 7wt% of zymophyte for fermentation.
Comparative example 2
A rapeseed meal ferment was different from example 1 in that no glucose solution was added and only rapeseed meal was used as a raw material to inoculate 7wt% of lactic acid bacteria for fermentation.
Example 2
The duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
54.50% of corn, 2.54% of corn starch, 3.15% of bran, 20.10% of soybean meal, 15.00% of rapeseed meal ferment, 0.30% of salt, 1.42% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.13% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.15% of DL-methionine, 0.30% of lysine salt and 0.41% of soybean oil.
A preparation method of a duck complete feed comprises the following steps: the raw materials are weighed, crushed and mixed uniformly, water accounting for 4% of the total mass of the raw materials is added for granulating, the granulating particle size is 3mm, and the obtained granules are subjected to light-shielding air drying and storage.
Example 3
The duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
52.03 percent of corn, 3.06 percent of corn starch, 4.04 percent of bran, 16.17 percent of soybean meal, 20.00 percent of rapeseed meal ferment, 0.30 percent of salt, 1.39 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.10 percent of stone powder, 1.00 percent of premix, 0.15 percent of DL-methionine, 0.38 percent of lysine salt and 0.38 percent of soybean oil.
A preparation method of a duck complete feed is the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
The duck complete feed is different from the embodiment 2 in that the duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
58.21% of corn, 4.26% of corn starch, 0.11% of bran, 32.75% of soybean meal, 0.30% of salt, 1.62% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.14% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.15% of DL-methionine, 0.05% of lysine salt and 0.41% of soybean oil.
Comparative example 4
The duck complete feed is different from the embodiment 2 in that the duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
57.43% of corn, 3.31% of corn starch, 1.12% of bran, 28.45% of soybean meal, 5.00% of fermented rapeseed meal, 0.30% of salt, 1.53% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.15% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.16% of DL-methionine, 0.14% of lysine salt and 0.41% of soybean oil.
Comparative example 5
The duck complete feed is different from the embodiment 2 in that the duck complete feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
56.51% of corn, 2.48% of corn starch, 2.15% of bran, 24.16% of soybean meal, 10.00% of rapeseed meal ferment, 0.30% of salt, 1.50% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.12% of stone powder, 1.00% of premix, 0.15% of DL-methionine, 0.22% of lysine salt and 0.41% of soybean oil.
The technical effects are as follows:
1. exploring the influence of probiotics fermentation on the thio degradation and PH of rapeseed meal
The pH and the sulfuric acid content of the control group (rapeseed meal raw material), the products obtained in comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and example 1 were examined, and the sulfuric acid degradation rate was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 1, and the results show that the reduction rate of the thioglycoside on the rapeseed meal in the example 1 is highest, and the degradation rate is improved by 10.82% compared with that in the comparative example 1. The method is characterized in that the carbon added in the composite fermentation bacteria is added in the fermentation strain inoculation amount of 7 percent, 1:1.1, the degradation rate of the thioglycoside in the rapeseed meal can reach 54.35 percent under the conditions that the temperature is 37 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
TABLE 1 influence of fermentation treatment on pH and thioglycoside content of rapeseed meal (n=3)
The general nutrient and amino acid changes before and after fermentation of the control and example 1 rapeseed meal are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Nutrient index changes before and after fermentation of rapeseed meal.
2. Evaluation of nutritive value and amino acid digestibility of rapeseed dreg fermentation product by metabolic test
The 24 healthy adult ducks are selected, the average of the treatment groups is randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, each treatment group comprises 6 healthy adult ducks, wherein 1 group is an endogenous empty stomach group, 1 group is a corn starch group, the other 2 groups are test groups, unfermented rapeseed meal (control group) is respectively fed, each treatment group of the rapeseed meal ferment obtained in the embodiment 1 comprises 6 repetitions, and each repetition comprises 1 duck. Crushing rapeseed dreg raw materials or rapeseed dreg fermentation products, sieving the crushed rapeseed dreg raw materials or the rapeseed dreg fermentation products by a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the crushed rapeseed dreg raw materials or the rapeseed dreg fermentation products with starch in a ratio of 3:2, mixing uniformly, adding a proper amount of water, stirring, granulating (3 mm) finally, and air-drying to obtain the duck complete feed for the following metabolic tests.
Metabolic tests reference DB 43/T2222-2021, the specific procedures are as follows:
3-7 d of the pre-feeding period of the male ducks in each group year, feeding the corresponding feed to be tested by different treatment groups, feeding for 48 hours before the formal test without water inhibition, feeding the complete feed of the ducks with the dry matter content of 50g accurately by a forced feeder for each duck after the feeding is finished, and recording the time accurately. Collecting excreta for 36 hours without leakage, scattering and damage, refrigerating the collected excreta in a refrigerator, combining the collected excreta several times, immediately drying (or freeze drying) the collected excreta at 65 ℃ to constant weight, preparing an air-dried sample, crushing, mixing uniformly, and filling into a sample bottle or a sealing bag for testing.
The measurement indexes comprise: total, crude protein and dry matter content, measurement methods are referred to GB/T6435 (measurement of moisture in feed), ISO 9831:1998 (measurement of total calorific value of animal feed, animal products and feces or urine by bomb calorimeter), GB/T6432 (measurement of crude protein in feed). And calculating apparent utilization rate of dry matters, actual utilization rate of dry matters of the rapeseed dregs, apparent metabolic energy, actual metabolic energy, apparent utilization rate of energy of the rapeseed dregs, actual utilization rate of energy of the rapeseed dregs, apparent utilization rate of protein of the rapeseed dregs and actual utilization rate of protein of the rapeseed dregs by a set algorithm, wherein the results are shown in tables 3-4.
TABLE 3 evaluation of the nutritional value of rapeseed meal fermentate by metabolic test
TABLE 4 evaluation of the Effect of the amino acid digestibility of rapeseed dreg ferments in metabolic test
3. The feeding test evaluates the influence of the rapeseed meal to the growth and development of the meat ducks in the early growth stage by replacing the soybean meal.
Ducks were raised using the duck complete feed obtained in examples 2-3 and comparative examples 3-5, 7 replicates each were treated, 10 male ducks each replicate, and a total of 350. Feeding period: 2-5 weeks old. The test basal diet was the duck complete feed obtained in examples 2-3 and comparative examples 3-5, and the nutrition levels thereof are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
The recorded body weight gain, feed intake, and water break were repeated at weeks 4 and 5, and the average daily weight gain (ADG, G/d), average daily feed intake (ADFI, G/d), and feed weight ratio (F/G, G/G) were calculated for each treatment group at 12 hours before the test. At the end of the 5 week-old trial, 2 test ducks were selected per cage, weighed and slaughtered, pectoral, leg, liver, abdominal fat, and myostomach were weighed and the percentage of each organ or tissue to pre-slaughtered live weight was calculated and the results are shown in tables 6-7.
TABLE 6 influence of rapeseed dreg ferment addition on production performance of 2-5 week old Sansui ducks
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for increasing the additive amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed is characterized in that the rapeseed meal is mixed with a carbon source, then 7wt% of zymocyte is inoculated for fermentation, and after the rapeseed meal ferment is obtained, the rapeseed meal ferment is used as the duck complete feed for addition.
2. The method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in the complete feed for ducks according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed meal to the carbon source is 100:1.
3. the method for increasing the amount of rapeseed meal added to a complete feed for ducks according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source is glucose powder.
4. The method for increasing the additive amount of rapeseed meal in the complete feed for ducks according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria are obtained by mixing lactobacillus, bacillus natto and saccharomycetes in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
5. The method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in the complete feed for ducks according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
6. The method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed meal in the complete duck feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed water ratio in the fermentation process is 1:1.1.
7. Use of a method for increasing the amount of rapeseed meal added to a complete feed for ducks according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. A duck complete feed, which is characterized by comprising a rapeseed dreg fermentation product prepared by the method for increasing the addition amount of rapeseed dreg in the duck complete feed according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the mass fraction of the rapeseed dreg fermentation product is 15-20%.
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| CN102919624A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-02-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Microbial fermentation and detoxification method of rapeseed cake |
| CN104904992A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 河南双成生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing protein feed raw materials by carrying out enzymolysis and fermentation on rapeseed dregs |
| CN105054261A (en) * | 2015-07-05 | 2015-11-18 | 湖南民康生物技术研究所 | Equipment and method using fermentation dross to produce high activity high nutrition forage |
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