CN102919624A - Microbial fermentation and detoxification method of rapeseed cake - Google Patents
Microbial fermentation and detoxification method of rapeseed cake Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919624A CN102919624A CN2012104762537A CN201210476253A CN102919624A CN 102919624 A CN102919624 A CN 102919624A CN 2012104762537 A CN2012104762537 A CN 2012104762537A CN 201210476253 A CN201210476253 A CN 201210476253A CN 102919624 A CN102919624 A CN 102919624A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fermentation and detoxification method of rapeseed cake. The method comprises the following steps: adding a crushed detoxification synergist to the rapeseed cake; inoculating a bacillus subtilis, a clostridia butyricum, a lactobacillus acidophilus and a saccharomyces cerevisiae solid strain to the mixture and mixing evenly; fermenting, drying the mixture to obtain a detoxified rapeseed cake product. According to the invention, the content of glucoside sulphate in the detoxified rapeseed cake product does not exceed a safety level specified by the feed, the nutritional value is higher than that of the unfermented and undetoxified rapeseed cake, the protein content reaches 42 to 45%, and the content of disassociated amino acid reaches more than 10%, so that the detoxified rapeseed cake product can be directly used as protein feed for livestocks and aquatic products. The method provided by the invention can better solve the problems of incomplete detoxification, difficult elimination of anti-nutritional factors, nutrition loss and complexity in preparation process in prior art. The method has the advantages of good detoxification effect, simplicity in preparation and low energy consumption, and can reach the standard feed requirement of producing the non-toxic rapeseed cake. Therefore, the problem of shortage of feed protein resources in China is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the feed biological technical field, relate to a kind of poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake, be specifically related to a kind of microbial fermentation poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake.
Background technology
Rape is one of topmost oil crops of China, accounts for 1/4th of national oil plant raw material total amount.Under the modern industry condition, process vegetable seed, usually can obtain 60% dregs of rapeseed cake nearly.Gross protein value is between 34%-38% in the dregs of rapeseed cake, and digestible energy 10.46-12.55KJ/kg, calcium 0.61%, phosphorus 0.95% also contain iron, copper, manganese, selenium and other trace elements and multivitamin.The characteristics that its amino acid forms are methionine content high (being only second to sesame-send cake, the dregs of rice), and lysine content is also high, and arginine content is low, is that content is minimum in cake, the dregs of rice feed.The effective energy value of dregs of rapeseed cake is on the low side (content of starch is low, Rapeseed Shell be difficult to digestibility and utilization), and the content of calcium and phosphorus is all high in the mineral matter, and the content of selenium and manganese is also high, and particularly the content of selenium is the highest in the plant feed commonly used.
Containing the undesirable constituents such as thioglucoside, erucic acid, tannin, saponin in the vegetable seed, wherein mainly is thioglucoside.Thioglucoside itself is nontoxic, but under uniform temperature and moisture condition, the enzymolysis of the myrosase that contains through vegetable seed itself and produce Toxic and the ANFs such as isothiocyanates, oxazolidine thioketones and nitrile, phytic acid, tannin, sinapine, saponin.These materials can cause the thyroid gland enlargement, thereby cause animal growth rate to descend, and reproductive capacity goes down.Tannin then hinders the digestion of protein, reduces palatability.And sinapine obstructs fat metabolism, causes heart fat to accumulate and grow and is suppressed.Because the existence of toxic material and ANFs, and crude fiber content is higher in the rape cake dish dregs of rice, and palatability is poor etc., has had a strong impact on the application of dregs of rapeseed cake in feed.
Along with the development of China's feed industry, the feedstuff disparities between supply and demand are increasingly sharpened, especially protein raw material.According to China " 12 " feed industrial development target, the feed total amount will reach 200,000,000 tons, and forage protein accounts for 30%, and wherein 70% by import.Feedstuff is the basis of feed industrial development, China's feedstuff particularly protein feed raw material is relatively in short supply again, further develops raising with quality thereby hinder China's feed, therefore, extensively ward off protein feed resource, the development tool of China's feed industry is of great significance.
For the detoxification of dregs of rapeseed cake, carried out a large amount of research work both at home and abroad.The method of rapeseed dregs detoxification both at home and abroad mainly contains physics detoxicity method, chemical detoxication method and biology detoxicity method.The physics detoxicity method mainly is the passivation myrosase, but discovered in recent years, and the sulphur glycosides itself is not nontoxic, and the certain micro-organisms in the animal body also can secrete the enzyme that has same function with myrosase, and the sulphur glycosides is resolved into noxious material.The chemical detoxication method mainly contains 3 kinds of soda acid edman degradation Edman, slaine catalytic degradation method and extraction methods.Wherein domestic and international most study is the double liquid phase extraction method, and this method is by exploitations such as Canadian Rubin and Diosady, and virus elimination rate can reach more than 90%, but the dry loss is large, cost is high, three-waste pollution thereby Difficulty are arranged.The biology detoxicity method mainly contains enzymatic hydrolysis method, microbe fermentation method.The enzymatic hydrolysis method mainly is to utilize the activator add myrosase and enzyme (such as Vc etc.), make sulphur glycosides accelerated decomposition, then by stripping or extraction to reach the purpose of detoxification, this method exists can not remove phytic acid and polyphenol compound, myrosase source difficulty, and the process that removes sulphur glycosides and catabolite thereof is complicated, high cost, shortcoming that can not large-scale industrial production.The microbial fermentation detoxicity method is the method that China is engaged in the uniqueness of dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification research aspect, also is effective, the most most economical method of dregs of rapeseed cake.Although adopt the microbial fermentation detoxicity method to obtain preferably effect, have also that detoxification efficiency is unstable, a technique shortcoming such as complexity and microorganism bad adaptability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of microbial fermentation poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake is provided, its technique is simple, cost and energy consumption is low, strong adaptability, be easy to batch production, detoxification efficiency is stable and effective.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of microbial fermentation poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake, the method are to get by weight percentage dregs of rapeseed cake 82%-85%, rice bran 12%-15.5%, glucose 0.5%-1.0%, (NH
4)
2SO
41.5%-2%, detoxification synergist 0.1%-0.15% mix, and the adjusting wet weight is 50%-55%, make dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium; The inoculation weight of solid spawn with 2%-4% is inoculated in this dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium, mixes, 45 ℃-55 ℃ bottom fermentation 4-5 days, drying gets final product.
Above-mentioned solid spawn is to access liquid spawn by 5%-10% inoculation weight in the solid spawn culture medium, in 35 ℃-40 ℃ cultivation 4-5d, and get final product.
The prescription of above-mentioned solid spawn culture medium is: get by weight percentage wheat bran 60%-70%, rice bran 15%-20%, glucose 2%-3%, beancake powder 10%-15%, (NH
4)
2SO
41.5%-2% and KH
2PO
40.2%-0.3% mixes, and the adjusting water content is 50%-60%, in 121 ℃-125 ℃ sterilization 55-65min, is cooled to 35-40 ℃.
The aforesaid liquid bacterial classification is bacillus subtilis seed culture fluid, clostridium butyricum seed culture fluid, lactobacillus acidophilus seed culture fluid and the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture fluid that mixes for 1:1:1:1 by volume.Wherein:
The bacillus subtilis seed culture fluid is that bacillus subtilis 1 strain inoculation one ring slant strains cell is enlarged in the meat soup nutrient medium in liquid, at 30 ℃-37 ℃, under the 180r/min-220r/min condition, shaking table shaken cultivation 24-36h makes that cell concentration reaches 10 in this seed culture fluid
8-10
9Cfu/mL;
The clostridium butyricum seed culture fluid be with clostridium butyricum 1 strain inoculation one ring slant strains cell in the clostridium butyricum fluid nutrient medium, 37 ℃-40 ℃, leave standstill and cultivate 60-72h, make that cell concentration reaches 10 in this seed culture fluid
7-10
8Cfu/mL;
The lactobacillus acidophilus seed culture fluid be with lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain inoculation one ring slant strains cell in the lactobacillus acidophilus fluid nutrient medium, 35 ℃-37 ℃, leave standstill and cultivate 24-48h, make that cell concentration reaches 10 in this seed culture fluid
7-10
8Cfu/mL;
The saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture fluid be with saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 strain inoculation one ring slant strains cell in the yeast fluid nutrient medium, at 28 ℃-30 ℃, under the 180r/min-220r/min condition, shaking table shaken cultivation 24-36h makes that cell concentration reaches 10 in this seed culture fluid
8-10
9Cfu/mL.
It is to add 10-20g glucose, 5-10g peptone, 3-5g beef extract, and the ratio of 3-5g sodium chloride in 1000mL water that the above-mentioned liquid mentioned enlarges the meat soup nutrient medium, Yu Shuizhong adds glucose, peptone, beef extract, reaches sodium chloride, stir evenly, the 25min that sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure is cooled to 30 ℃ and forms.
The above-mentioned clostridium butyricum fluid nutrient medium of mentioning is the ratio that adds 20-40g glucose, 15-20g tryptone, 1.0-1.5g ammonium sulfate, 2.0-2.5g sodium chloride, 1.0-1.5g sodium acid carbonate, 3.0-4.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-0.8g epsom salt, 1.0-2.0g calcium carbonate in 1000mL water, Yu Shuizhong adds glucose, tryptone, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium acid carbonate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, epsom salt, calcium carbonate, stir evenly, the 25min that sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure is cooled to 30 ℃ and forms.
The above-mentioned lactobacillus acidophilus culture medium of mentioning is in the ratio that adds 15-20g lactose, 15-20g peptone, 2.5-5g corn steep liquor, 1-2g potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the 1000mL water, Yu Shuizhong adds lactose, peptone, corn steep liquor, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, the 25min that sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure is cooled to 30 ℃ and forms.
The above-mentioned yeast fluid nutrient medium of mentioning is to add 20-40g glucose, 1.5-2.0g yeast extract, 1.0-1.5g potassium chloride, and the ratio of 8.0-9.0g sodium acetate in 1000mL water, Yu Shuizhong adds glucose, yeast extract, potassium chloride and sodium acetate, stir evenly, the 25min that sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure is cooled to 30 ℃ and forms.
Above-mentioned detoxification synergist is one or both mixtures that are crushed in 80-100 purpose semen brassicae or the black mustard.
The bacterial classification of using among the present invention is prior art, and preserving number is respectively: bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis): ACCC11062, CGMCC2548 or CGMCC1222; Clostridium butyricum (Clostridium butyricum): CGMCC1647 or CGMCC9701; Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus): CICC6074, ACCC 11073 or CGMCC 1.2467; Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cereviae): CGMCC 1147, CGMCC 0702 or ACCC 20144.
Bacterial classification in the slant strains cell that the present invention mentions is respectively corresponding with bacillus subtilis, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus acidophilus and the S. cervisiae of using among the present invention, be that bacterial classification in the slant strains cell inoculated of bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis, other is analogized.
The preparation of the seed culture fluid of four kinds of bacterial classifications also is routine techniques among the present invention, just respectively exemplifies wherein a kind of herein.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the processing procedure of the inventive method, selected bacteria, facultative good bacteria and anaerobic bacteria as main reduce toxicity bacterial classification, both can under aerobic condition, also can under anaerobic carry out reduce toxicity to dregs of rapeseed cake, and reach good detoxification stability and promote the effect that the animal intestinal beneficial microbe is grown.
(2) detoxification synergist-semen brassicae or the black mustard of the inventive method use, can utilize both myrosases own, by the biological heat that produces in the fermentation process, sulphur glucoside glucoside in the dregs of rapeseed cake is degraded to the noxious materials such as isothiocyanates, oxazolidine thioketones, is convenient to the fast degradation of microorganism.
(3) the obstructed super-dry process of solid spawn of the inventive method use has kept the maximum vigor of each bacterial classification and the quantity of bacterial classification; After the inoculation, can start rapidly reduce toxicity, shorten the detoxification time.
(4) the present invention have that production technology is simple, energy consumption is low, little without the three wastes, investment, be easy to the characteristics such as large-scale production.
(5) have the not virus-free rapeseed meal dregs of rice of explained hereafter now as raw material take China, adopt the inventive method to carry out detoxification, its glucosinolate content can reduce more than 95%, the free amino acid total amount improves more than 10%, total protein content reaches 42%-45%, improve more than 10%, can be used as livestock and poultry and aquatic livestock protein feed and use.
The specific embodiment:
Only the invention will be further described for following examples, and unrestricted the present invention.
The preparation of liquid spawn:
Used bacterial classification is bacillus subtilis 1 strain, clostridium butyricum 1 strain, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain and S. cervisiae 1 strain.
Getting 15g glucose, 8g peptone, 4g beef extract, 4g sodium chloride and 1000mL running water stirs evenly, 25min sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure, be cooled to 30 ℃ of accesses and cultivate ripe bacillus subtilis slant strains, at 35 ℃, under the 200r/min, shaking table shaken cultivation 30h makes the bacillus subtilis seed culture fluid;
Getting 30g glucose, 18g tryptone, 1.2g ammonium sulfate, 2.2g sodium chloride, 1.2g sodium acid carbonate, 3.5g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.6g epsom salt, 1.5g calcium carbonate and 1000mL water stirs evenly, 25min sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure, be cooled to 30 ℃, ripe clostridium butyricum slant strains is cultivated in access, 38 ℃ leave standstill cultivation 68h, make the clostridium butyricum seed culture fluid;
Get 18g lactose, 18g peptone, 3.5g corn steep liquor, 1.5g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1000mL water stirring and dissolving, the 25min that sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure is cooled to 30 ℃, access lactobacillus acidophilus slant strains, 36 ℃ leave standstill cultivation 36h, make the lactobacillus acidophilus seed culture fluid;
Getting 1000mL water, 30g glucose, 1.8g yeast extract, 1.2g potassium chloride and 8.5g sodium acetate stirs evenly, 25min sterilizes under 0.1MPa pressure, be cooled to 30 ℃, ripe saccharomyces cerevisiae slant strains is cultivated in access, in 29 ℃, 200r/min shaking table shaken cultivation 30h, make the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture fluid;
Above-mentioned four kinds of seed nutrient solutions are namely got liquid spawn by the mixing of 1:1:1:1 volume ratio.
The preparation of solid spawn culture medium: get by weight percentage wheat bran 65%, rice bran 18%, glucose 2.55%, beancake powder 12.4%, (NH
4)
2SO
41.8% and KH
2PO
40.25%, mix, regulating water content is 55%, in 121 ℃-125 ℃ sterilization 60min, is cooled to 35-40 ℃.
Embodiment 1:
In above-mentioned solid spawn culture medium, by 8% inoculation weight access liquid spawn, cultivate 4.5d in 37 ℃, make solid spawn, again solid spawn is inoculated into by 8.25 tons of dregs of rapeseed cake, 1.52 tons in rice bran, 0.07 ton of glucose, (NH with 3% inoculation weight
4)
2SO
40.15 ton and 0.01 ton of semen brassicae, wet weight are in the 50% dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium that forms, mixing, and 50 ℃ of bottom fermentations 4.5 days, drying namely got the virus-free rapeseed meal dregs of rice.Sulphur glucoside virus elimination rate is 96.13% in the sample analysis dregs of rapeseed cake, protein content 43.17%, and free aminoacid content improves 12.49%.
Embodiment 2:
In above-mentioned solid spawn culture medium, by 5% inoculation weight access liquid spawn, cultivate 5d in 35 ℃, make solid spawn, again solid spawn is inoculated into by 8.5 tons of dregs of rapeseed cake, 1.25 tons in rice bran, 0.05 ton of glucose, (NH with 2% inoculation weight
4)
2SO
40.186 ton and 0.014 ton of black mustard, wet weight are in the 55% dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium that forms, mixing, and 45 ℃ of bottom fermentations 5 days, drying namely got the virus-free rapeseed meal dregs of rice.Sulphur glucoside virus elimination rate is 95.87% in the sample analysis dregs of rapeseed cake, protein content 42.9%, and free aminoacid content improves 11.52%.
Embodiment 3:
In above-mentioned solid spawn culture medium, by 10% inoculation weight access liquid spawn, cultivate 4d in 40 ℃, make solid spawn, again solid spawn is inoculated into by 8.45 tons of dregs of rapeseed cake, 1.29 tons in rice bran, 0.075 ton of glucose, (NH with 4% inoculation weight
4)
2SO
40.17 0.005 ton of ton, 0.01 ton of semen brassicae and black mustard, wet weight are in the 52% dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium that forms, mixing, and 55 ℃ of bottom fermentations 4 days, drying namely got the virus-free rapeseed meal dregs of rice.Sulphur glucoside virus elimination rate is 97.16% in the sample analysis dregs of rapeseed cake, protein content 44.05%, and free aminoacid content improves 13.71%.
Claims (3)
1. the microbial fermentation poison-removing method of a dregs of rapeseed cake, it is characterized in that: the method is to get by weight percentage dregs of rapeseed cake 82%-85%, rice bran 12%-15.5%, glucose 0.5%-1.0%, (NH
4)
2SO
41.5%-2%, detoxification synergist 0.1%-0.15% mix, and the adjusting wet weight is 50%-55%, make dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium; The inoculation weight of solid spawn with 2%-4% is inoculated in this dregs of rapeseed cake detoxification fermentation medium, mixes, 45 ℃-55 ℃ bottom fermentation 4-5 days, drying gets final product;
Above-mentioned solid spawn is to access liquid spawn by 5%-10% inoculation weight in the solid spawn culture medium, in 35 ℃-40 ℃ cultivation 4-5d, and get final product; This liquid spawn is bacillus subtilis seed culture fluid, clostridium butyricum seed culture fluid, lactobacillus acidophilus seed culture fluid and the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture fluid that mixes for 1:1:1:1 by volume.
2. the microbial fermentation poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described detoxification synergist is one or both mixtures that are crushed in 80-100 purpose semen brassicae or the black mustard.
3. the microbial fermentation poison-removing method of dregs of rapeseed cake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described solid spawn culture medium is to get by weight percentage wheat bran 60%-70%, rice bran 15%-20%, glucose 2%-3%, beancake powder 10%-15%, (NH
4)
2SO
41.5%-2% and KH
2PO
40.2%-0.3% mixes, and the adjusting water content is 50%-60%, makes.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106306523A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 余敏敏 | Feed additive for laying duck in summer |
| CN106721284A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 刘志远 | One boar food |
| CN107865200A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-03 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method for removing glucosinolate in the moringa seeds dregs of rice |
| CN107974421A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | A kind of lactobacillus acidophilus and its screening technique and application, a kind of microbial inoculum |
| CN108576396A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽中盛食用油科技有限公司 | A kind of microbial fermentation poison-removing method of rapeseed meal |
| CN115590121A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 宜宾山勾勾农业科技有限公司（Cn） | Biological fermentation rapeseed cake for efficiently breeding bighead carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN117461716A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-30 | 贵州省畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for increasing addition amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed and application thereof |
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| CN101849613A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-06 | 四川大学 | Biological detoxification technology for rape-seed meal |
| CN102640889A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-08-22 | 薛松晓 | Detoxifying agent for cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal as well as preparation method thereof and preparation method of microorganism feed prepared by detoxifying agent |
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| CN101849613A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-06 | 四川大学 | Biological detoxification technology for rape-seed meal |
| CN102640889A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-08-22 | 薛松晓 | Detoxifying agent for cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal as well as preparation method thereof and preparation method of microorganism feed prepared by detoxifying agent |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106306523A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 余敏敏 | Feed additive for laying duck in summer |
| CN106721284A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 刘志远 | One boar food |
| CN107865200A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-03 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method for removing glucosinolate in the moringa seeds dregs of rice |
| CN107974421A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | A kind of lactobacillus acidophilus and its screening technique and application, a kind of microbial inoculum |
| CN107974421B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-01-05 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, screening method and application thereof, and bacterium agent |
| CN108576396A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽中盛食用油科技有限公司 | A kind of microbial fermentation poison-removing method of rapeseed meal |
| CN115590121A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 宜宾山勾勾农业科技有限公司（Cn） | Biological fermentation rapeseed cake for efficiently breeding bighead carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN117461716A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-30 | 贵州省畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for increasing addition amount of rapeseed meal in duck complete feed and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130213 Assignee: North of Hunan bio tech ltd, Hunan Assignor: Hunan Agricultural University Contract record no.: 2015430000085 Denomination of invention: Microbial fermentation and detoxification method of rapeseed cake Granted publication date: 20130619 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20150701 |
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