CN117461536A - Paphiopedilum cultivation method - Google Patents
Paphiopedilum cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461536A CN117461536A CN202311701968.2A CN202311701968A CN117461536A CN 117461536 A CN117461536 A CN 117461536A CN 202311701968 A CN202311701968 A CN 202311701968A CN 117461536 A CN117461536 A CN 117461536A
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- 241000519406 Paphiopedilum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001139947 Mida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010204 pine bark Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a paphiopedilum cultivation method, which belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and comprises the steps of carrying out high-temperature sterilization on a cultivation substrate from the preparation of the substrate, crushing the substrate into at least three specifications for later use, carrying out first transplanting after seedling training in the cultivation process, carrying out fertilization after planting for at least nine days, carrying out second transplanting after growing leaves of orchid seedlings, carrying out fertilization after transplanting for at least nine days, carrying out flower forcing operation after the second transplanting and fertilization, carrying out targeted pest control after successful flower forcing, preparing targeted medicaments, and effectively ensuring the placement effect of orchid pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a paphiopedilum cultivation method.
Background
The genus paphiopedilum is the next genus of orchid, and there are about 80 species worldwide, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions from asia to pacific islands. The orchid of the paphiopedilum is difficult to cultivate, and in the cultivation process, the orchid can be polluted by germs remained in a matrix, and also can suffer from diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, or the orchid is failed in cultivation due to unsuitable fertilization operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention discloses a paphiopedilum cultivation method, which comprises the steps of carrying out high-temperature disinfection on a cultivation substrate from the preparation of the substrate, crushing the substrate into at least three specifications for later use, carrying out first transplanting after seedling training in the cultivation process, applying fertilizer after planting for at least nine days, carrying out second transplanting after seedling growing, applying fertilizer after transplanting for at least nine days, carrying out flower forcing operation after the second transplanting and applying fertilizer, carrying out targeted pest control after successful flower forcing, preparing targeted medicament, and effectively ensuring the placement effect of orchid pests.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the paphiopedilum cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a cultivation substrate: the preparation of the cultivation substrate adopts pine bark formula substrate, the substrate is crushed into three specifications of particle sizes for standby, the three specifications of particle sizes are respectively 0.3-2 cm, 0.5-1 cm and 1-2 cm, and before the substrate is used, the substrate is washed by clean water and disinfected at high temperature;
2) Cultivating paphiopedilum: the paphiopedilum cultivation method comprises the following steps of:
(1) Hardening seedling and introducing: acclimatizing the seedling-hardening introduction orchid Miao Liantong seedling bottle in a cultivation field for 10-15 d, planting the acclimatized seedling bottle in a seedling tray with a matrix, placing the seedling tray with small seedlings in a seedling bed, and placing the seedling bed in a greenhouse;
(2) Transplanting for the first time: after 60-90 days, the flower seedlings in the seedling tray are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup, and fertilization can be started after 9-10 days of planting;
(3) And (3) transplanting for the second time: 2-3 new leaves are produced after the seedlings grow out, and the seedlings are transplanted to a cultivation basin after the root system grows well, and fertilization is started after the transplanting;
(4) Flower forcing: stopping fertilizing in the flower forcing process, controlling watering, increasing illumination intensity, controlling until flower buds appear, starting to recover water and fertilizer supply after the flower buds appear, reducing illumination intensity, and recovering proper growth temperature;
(5) Pest control: bacterial soft rot control, snail and slug control;
(6) And (5) out-nursery packaging: flowers in the cultivation pot can be put out of the nursery and packaged after more than 1/4 of flowers bloom.
As preferable: and 2) when seedlings are planted after hardening seedlings in the step 2), cleaning roots with clear water, planting the seedlings in a seedling tray, wherein mechanical damage to blue seedlings is not caused in the cultivation process, the cultivation depth is in the range of completely covering root systems with matrix, the seedling tray needs to leave about 1/5 space at the upper part, the density is cut into the seedling tray according to the row spacing of 50X 50mm, the seedling tray after the cut seedlings are placed in a seedling bed is immediately sprayed with water, the seedling tray is thoroughly irrigated, the night temperature is regulated to be in the range of 15-25 ℃, the seedlings enter the seedling bed and are sprayed with water for 2-3 minutes every day, and the humidity in a greenhouse is kept at 65-75%.
As preferable: in the step 2), the blue seedlings and the matrix are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup with the diameter of 50mm during the first transplanting, the directions of the cup planting blades are consistent when the blue seedlings are placed, and the blades are placed in parallel according to the diagonal line of a seedling tray.
As preferable: in the step 2), the fertilization operation is started after 9-10 d of first transplanting, water-soluble balance fertilizers are selected, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-soluble balance fertilizers is 20:20:20, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4000-5000 times, fertilization is carried out at a degree of seedling tray penetration, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the culture medium is flushed with clean water for 1 time per month, after the second transplanting, the nitrogen fertilizer is Shi Gao in the first 6 months, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high nitrogen fertilizer is 30:10:10 of nitrogen, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the illumination intensity is controlled at 8000Lx, and the highest temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
As preferable: in the step 2), fertilization is stopped during flower forcing operation, watering is controlled, a substrate is kept in a dry state, proper foliar water spraying is performed to avoid wilting, the foliar is dried as soon as possible after spraying, and the foliar water spraying is absolutely prohibited after flower buds appear, the illumination intensity is increased at the stage, 20% of the original planting conditions can be increased, fertilization is resumed after flower buds appear, balanced fertilizer is applied, root irrigation is performed, the illumination intensity is reduced to 8000 Lx-10000 Lx, the temperature is 25 ℃, and a bracket is set up when the flower buds are extracted by about 10 cm.
As preferable: in the step 2), during pest control, 400 times of liquid of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid of 30.3% tetracyclines soluble powder, 1000 times of liquid of 68.8% poly-streptomycin wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 10% tetracyclines wettable powder are selected for controlling bacterial soft rot; the granule for preventing and treating snail and slug is prepared by placing 6% of Mida granule around flowerpot, and placing medicine in the first 1d of late afternoon.
As preferable: in the step 2), corrugated cartons are adopted when the nursery is packaged, the specifications of the corrugated cartons are 110cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 20cm, the corrugated cartons meet the requirements specified by GB/T6543, flowers are wrapped by non-woven fabrics and horizontally placed in the middle of the cartons, flowerpots are fixed on two sides of the cartons by rubberized fabrics, and transportation means and storage places for transporting orchids are kept at constant temperature of 20-25 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the paphiopedilum cultivation method, high-temperature disinfection is carried out on a cultivation substrate from the preparation of the substrate, the substrate is crushed into at least three specifications for later use, the first transplanting is carried out after seedling training in the cultivation process, fertilization is carried out after at least nine days of planting, the second transplanting is carried out after seedling growing, fertilization is carried out after at least nine days of transplanting, flower forcing operation is carried out after the second transplanting and fertilization, targeted pest control is carried out after the flower forcing is successful, targeted medicament is prepared, the placement effect of orchid pests can be effectively ensured, and in addition, the packaging and transferring method after the orchid cultivation is further disclosed, and damage caused by improper packaging and transferring of the orchid is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the paphiopedilum cultivation method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, technical schemes and advantageous effects clearer and more clear, the present invention is specifically described below with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the paphiopedilum orchid (30 plants are planted) is cultivated by utilizing the paphiopedilum cultivation method:
1) The pine bark used for the culture medium is prepared as the culture medium, the culture medium has good culture effect, the medium is crushed, washed and sterilized for later use, the small-grain medium is preferably used in the seedling stage, and the grain size of the medium is 0.3cm; when the cultivation basin is replaced, a proper matrix is selected according to the root system characteristics of the variety, medium-sized matrixes are selected for coarse roots, the grain size of the matrixes is 1.0cm, small-sized matrixes are selected for fine roots, and before the matrixes are used, the matrixes are washed by clean water and sterilized at high temperature, so that residues and dust and mud are removed on one hand, and diseases and insect pests caused by the matrixes are prevented on the other hand;
2) The paphiopedilum cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Hardening seedling and introducing: the seedling tray is characterized in that the seedling tray is acclimatized for 10 days in a cultivation field before the seedling is acclimatized and introduced, so as to adapt to the light temperature condition of the cultivation field, a bottle cover is not required to be opened in the process, bacterial contamination is avoided as much as possible, the root of the seedling is cleaned by clean water for planting, the seedling tray is planted as soon as possible, mechanical damage to the seedling is not caused in the cultivation process, the cultivation depth is the degree that the root is completely covered by a matrix, the upper part of the seedling tray is required to be left for about 1/5 space, the seedling tray is cut into the seedling tray according to the row spacing of 50X 50mm, then the seedling tray after the cut seedling is placed into a seedling bed is immediately soaked, the seedling tray is thoroughly watered, ventilation is enhanced, and the leaf surface moisture retention time is shortened. The temperature at night is regulated to be in the range of 15 ℃. The seedlings are sprayed with water for 2 minutes at a time of 9:00 Beijing every day after entering the seedbed, and the seedlings are properly reduced in rainy days. Note that the illumination and the shade days are respectively provided with two layers of shading nets and one layer of shading net is respectively provided with a layer of shading net, the humidity in the shed is kept at 65%, and the blue seedlings enter the seedling stage;
(2) Transplanting for the first time: after 60 days, the seedlings are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup with the diameter of 50mm, the directions of the blades of the cup cultivation are consistent when the seedlings are placed, the blades of the cup cultivation are placed in parallel along the diagonal line of a seedling raising tray, the best size and the proper tightness of each tray of plants are achieved, the directions of the blades are noted so as to be beneficial to photosynthesis, excessive work is carried out, fertilization can be started after 9 days of cultivation, water-soluble balance fertilizers (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium are 20:20:20) are selected, 4000 times concentration fertilization is carried out, the seedling raising tray is full-field, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the cultivation substrate is flushed with clear water 1 time per month, the flushing method is the same as the fertilization method, and the seedlings enter medium and large seedling stage management;
(3) And (3) transplanting for the second time: after the management of the medium and large seedling stage for 6 months, the root system of the young seedling is well developed, the new root grows normally, 2-3 new leaves are produced, the cultivation basin can be replaced, if the season of high-temperature drying in summer is being met, the basin replacement can be properly delayed, the blue seedling grows quickly after the basin replacement, the cultivation matrix needs to be kept moist, excessive water spraying and long-time water retention of leaf surfaces are avoided, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, after the second transplanting, the first 6 months are changed into high nitrogen fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 30:10:10), the seedling tray is filled, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the illumination intensity is 8000Lx, and the temperature is 34 ℃;
(4) Flower forcing: the growth and dormancy of the medium and large seedling stage can start to apply the flower forcing technology to force flowers to the stage of flower buds, the initial growth is gradually slow, and finally the cultivation in the dormancy stage is stopped, the cultivation in the stage takes flower forcing as a main purpose, including aspects of water fertilizer, temperature regulation and the like, fertilizer application is stopped, watering is controlled, the substrate is kept in a dry state, wilting is not caused, proper leaf surface water spraying can play a role in supplementing water, the leaf surface is blown dry as soon as possible after spraying, and the leaf surface water spraying is absolutely prohibited after the flower buds appear, so that flower buds do not die, the illumination intensity is properly increased in the stage, and the illumination intensity is increased by about 15% on the basis of 8000 Lx. After the flower buds are managed in the flowering phase, the water and fertilizer supply is started to be recovered, the illumination intensity is reduced, the proper growth temperature is recovered, fertilizer is applied to balance the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by root irrigation, so that the flower buds are prevented from being contacted; watering is increased, however, excessive wetting is avoided, water is directly sprayed to flower buds, the illumination intensity is reduced to 8000Lx, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, and when the flower buds are extracted by about 10cm, a bracket is set up according to the variety requirements, so that the flower stems are prevented from lodging or bending;
(5) Pest control: the disease and pest control bacterial soft rot is the most serious disease in the seedling stage, frequently occurs in the middle and large seedling stages, and causes death of a large number of seedlings in serious cases. The prevention is the key for controlling the disease, the cultivation and disinfection, the weed removal and the good ventilation condition are kept, the excessive nitrogen fertilizer or too wet plant materials in the pot and mechanical damage in the transplanting process are avoided, and the chemical prevention and treatment can be carried out by adopting 400 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 1000 times of 30.3% tetracyclines soluble powder, 1000 times of 68.8% poly-streptomycin wettable powder and 1000 times of 10% streptomycin wettable powder;
when pest control snails and slugs usually come out after sunset and harm hybrid orchid seedlings, 6% of Mida granules can be used to be placed around a flowerpot by special medicines, and the medicines are easy to lose effectiveness after water is taken, and the medicines are placed in the evening before 1d of watering;
(6) And (5) out-nursery packaging: the potted flowers can be delivered after more than 1/4 of the potted flowers are bloomed after the finished products are graded, packaged, stored and transported. And ranked according to the relevant ranking criteria. The packaging can be made of corrugated paper boxes with the specification of 110cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 20cm, the corrugated paper boxes meet the requirements specified by GB/T6543, flowers are wrapped by non-woven fabrics and horizontally placed in the middle of the paper boxes, and flowerpots are fixed on two sides of the paper boxes by rubberized fabrics. Both the vehicle in which the orchid is shipped and the location where it is stored should be kept at a constant temperature of 20 ℃.
Example 2:
the paphiopedilum orchid (30 plants are planted) is cultivated by utilizing the paphiopedilum cultivation method:
1) The pine bark used for the culture medium is prepared as the culture medium, the culture medium has good culture effect, the medium is crushed, washed and sterilized for later use, the small-grain medium is preferably used in the seedling stage, and the grain size of the medium is 0.5cm; when the cultivation basin is replaced, a proper matrix is selected according to the root system characteristics of the variety, medium-sized matrixes are selected for coarse roots, the grain size of the matrixes is 1.5cm, small-sized matrixes are selected for fine roots, and before the matrixes are used, the matrixes are washed by clean water and sterilized at high temperature, so that residues and dust and mud are removed on one hand, and diseases and insect pests caused by the matrixes are prevented on the other hand;
2) The paphiopedilum cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Hardening seedling and introducing: domestication is carried out on a cultivation field for 15d before seedling hardening and introduction, so as to adapt to the light temperature condition of the cultivation field, a bottle cover is not required to be opened in the process, bacterial contamination is avoided as much as possible, the roots of seedlings are cleaned by clean water for planting, seedling trays are planted as soon as possible, mechanical damage to the seedlings is not caused in the cultivation process, the cultivation depth takes the substrate to cover the roots completely as much as possible, the seedling trays need to leave about 1/5 space at the upper part, the density is cut into the seedling trays according to the row spacing of 50 multiplied by 50mm, then the seedling trays after the cut seedlings are placed into a seedling bed are immediately sprayed with water, the seedling trays are thoroughly watered, ventilation is enhanced, and the leaf surface moisture retention time is shortened. The temperature at night was regulated in the range of 25 ℃. The seedlings are sprayed with water for 3 minutes at a time of 10:00 a day after entering the seedbed, and the water is properly reduced in rainy days. Note that illumination, pulling two layers of shading nets on the sunny day, pulling one layer of shading net on the cloudy day, keeping the humidity in the shed at 65-75%, and enabling the blue seedlings to enter a seedling stage;
(2) Transplanting for the first time: after 90 days, the seedlings are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup with the diameter of 50mm, the directions of the blades of the cup cultivation are consistent when the seedlings are placed, the blades of the cup cultivation are placed in parallel along the diagonal line of a seedling raising tray, the best size and the proper tightness of each tray of plants are achieved, the directions of the blades are noted so as to be beneficial to photosynthesis, excessive work is carried out, fertilization can be started after 10 days of planting, water-soluble balance fertilizers (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium are 20:20:20) are selected, fertilization is carried out at 5000 times concentration, the seedling raising tray is full-field, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the cultivation substrate is flushed with clear water 1 time per month, the flushing method is the same as the fertilization method, and the seedlings enter medium and large seedling stage management;
(3) And (3) transplanting for the second time: after the management of the medium and large seedling stage for 6 months, the root system of the young seedling is well developed, the new root grows normally, 2-3 new leaves are produced, the cultivation pot can be replaced, if the season of high-temperature drying in summer is met, the pot replacement can be properly delayed, the blue seedling grows quickly after the pot replacement, the cultivation substrate needs to be kept moist, excessive water spraying and long-time water retention of leaf surfaces are avoided, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, after the second transplanting, the first 6 months are changed into high nitrogen fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 30:10:10), the seedling tray is filled, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the illumination intensity is controlled at 10000Lx, and the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃.
(4) Flower forcing: through the growth and dormancy of the medium and large seedling stages, the flower forcing technology can be started to force flowers to the stage of flower buds, the initial growth is gradually slow, and finally, the stage of dormancy is stopped, the cultivation at the stage takes flower forcing as a main purpose, including aspects of water fertilizer, temperature regulation and the like, fertilizer application is stopped, watering is controlled, the substrate is kept in a dry state, the wilting is not caused, proper foliar water spraying can play a role in supplementing water, the foliar is blown dry as soon as possible after spraying, foliar water spraying is absolutely prohibited after the flower buds appear, so that flower buds do not die, the stage is suitable for increasing the illumination intensity, and the increase of 20% is realized on the basis of 10000 Lx. After the flower buds are managed in the flowering phase, the water and fertilizer supply is started to be recovered, the illumination intensity is reduced, the proper growth temperature is recovered, fertilizer is applied to balance the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by root irrigation, so that the flower buds are prevented from being contacted; watering is increased, excessive wetting is avoided, water is directly sprayed to flower buds, the illumination intensity is reduced to 10000Lx, the temperature is 25 ℃, and when the flower buds are extracted by about 10cm, a bracket is set up according to the variety requirements, so that flower stems are prevented from lodging or bending;
(5) Pest control: the disease and pest control bacterial soft rot is the most serious disease in the seedling stage, frequently occurs in the middle and large seedling stages, and causes death of a large number of seedlings in serious cases. The prevention is the key for controlling the disease, the cultivation and disinfection, the weed removal and the good ventilation condition are kept, the excessive nitrogen fertilizer or too wet plant materials in the pot and mechanical damage in the transplanting process are avoided, and the chemical prevention and treatment can be carried out by adopting 400 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 1000 times of 30.3% tetracyclines soluble powder, 1000 times of 68.8% poly-streptomycin wettable powder and 1000 times of 10% streptomycin wettable powder;
when pest control snails and slugs usually come out after sunset and harm hybrid orchid seedlings, 6% of Mida granules can be used to be placed around a flowerpot by special medicines, and the medicines are easy to lose effectiveness after water is taken, and the medicines are placed in the evening before 1d of watering;
(6) And (5) out-nursery packaging: the potted flowers can be delivered after more than 1/4 of the potted flowers are bloomed after the finished products are graded, packaged, stored and transported. And ranked according to the relevant ranking criteria. The packaging can be made of corrugated paper boxes with the specification of 110cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 20cm, the corrugated paper boxes meet the requirements specified by GB/T6543, flowers are wrapped by non-woven fabrics and horizontally placed in the middle of the paper boxes, and flowerpots are fixed on two sides of the paper boxes by rubberized fabrics. Both the vehicle in which the orchid is shipped and the location where it is stored should be kept at a constant temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 3:
the paphiopedilum orchid (30 plants are planted) is cultivated by utilizing the paphiopedilum cultivation method:
1) The pine bark used for the culture medium is prepared as the culture medium, the culture medium has good culture effect, the medium is crushed, washed and sterilized for later use, the small-grain medium is preferably used in the seedling stage, and the grain size of the medium is 0.4cm; when the cultivation basin is replaced, a proper matrix is selected according to the root system characteristics of the variety, medium-sized matrixes are selected as coarse roots, the size of the matrixes is 1.2cm, small-sized matrixes are selected as fine roots, and the small-sized matrixes are washed by clean water and sterilized at high temperature before being used, so that residues and dust and mud are removed on one hand, and diseases and insect pests caused by the matrixes are prevented on the other hand;
2) The paphiopedilum cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Hardening seedling and introducing: the seedling tray is characterized in that 13d is domesticated in a cultivation field before the seedling is introduced after the seedling is taken out of the bottle so as to adapt to the light temperature condition of the cultivation field, a bottle cover is not required to be opened in the process, bacterial contamination is avoided as much as possible, the root of the seedling is cleaned by clean water for planting, the seedling tray is planted as soon as possible, mechanical damage to the seedling is not caused in the cultivation process, the cultivation depth takes the substrate to cover the root completely as much as possible, the upper part of the seedling tray needs to be reserved for about 1/5 space, the density is cut into the seedling tray according to the row spacing of 50 multiplied by 50mm, and then the seedling tray after the cut seedling is placed into a seedling bed is immediately sprayed with water, so that the seedling tray is thoroughly watered, ventilation is enhanced, and the leaf surface moisture retention time is shortened. The temperature at night was regulated in the range of 20 ℃. The seedlings are sprayed with water for 2.5 minutes at a time of 9:00-10:00 a day after entering the seedbed, and the seedlings are properly reduced in rainy days. Note that illumination, pulling two layers of shading nets on the sunny day, pulling one layer of shading net on the cloudy day, keeping the humidity in the shed at 65-75%, and enabling the blue seedlings to enter a seedling stage;
(2) Transplanting for the first time: after 75 days, the seedlings are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup with the diameter of 50mm, the directions of the cup planting blades are consistent when the seedlings are placed, the blades are placed in parallel along the diagonal line of a seedling raising tray, the best size and elasticity of each tray of plants are proper, the blade directions are noted so as to be beneficial to photosynthesis, excessive work is done, fertilization can be started after 9.5 days of planting, water-soluble balance fertilizers (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium are 20:20:20) are selected, the concentration of 4500 times is used for fertilization, the seedling throwing tray is used for watering, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the cultivation substrate is flushed with clear water 1 time per month, and the flushing method is the same as the fertilization method, and the seedlings enter medium and large seedling stage management;
(3) And (3) transplanting for the second time: after the management of the medium and large seedling stage for 6 months, the root system of the young seedling is well developed, the new root grows normally, 2-3 new leaves are produced, the cultivation basin can be replaced, if the season of high-temperature drying in summer is being met, the basin replacement can be properly delayed, the blue seedling grows quickly after the basin replacement, the cultivation matrix needs to be kept moist, excessive water spraying and long-time water retention of leaf surfaces are avoided, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, after the second transplanting, the first 6 months are changed into high nitrogen fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 30:10:10), the seedling tray is filled, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the illumination intensity is 9000Lx, and the temperature is 25 ℃;
(4) Flower forcing: through the growth and dormancy of the medium and large seedling stages, the flower forcing technology can be started to force flowers to the stage of flower buds, the initial growth is gradually slow, and finally, the cultivation in the stage is stopped, the flower forcing is mainly used, the aspects of water and fertilizer, temperature regulation and the like are included, fertilization is stopped, watering is controlled, the substrate is kept in a dry state, the wilting is not caused, proper leaf surface water spraying can play a role in supplementing water, the leaf surface is blown dry as soon as possible after spraying, and the leaf surface water spraying is absolutely prohibited after the flower buds appear, so that flower buds do not die, the illumination intensity is properly increased in the stage, and the increase of about 20% is realized on the basis of 9000 Lx. After the flower buds are managed in the flowering phase, the water and fertilizer supply is started to be recovered, the illumination intensity is reduced, the proper growth temperature is recovered, fertilizer is applied to balance the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by root irrigation, so that the flower buds are prevented from being contacted; watering is increased, excessive wetting is avoided, water is directly sprayed to flower buds, illumination intensity is reduced to 9000Lx, the temperature is about 25 ℃, and when the flower buds are extracted by about 10cm, a bracket is set up according to the variety requirements, so that flower stems are prevented from lodging or bending;
(5) Pest control: the disease and pest control bacterial soft rot is the most serious disease in the seedling stage, frequently occurs in the middle and large seedling stages, and causes death of a large number of seedlings in serious cases. The prevention is the key for controlling the disease, the cultivation and disinfection, the weed removal and the good ventilation condition are kept, the excessive nitrogen fertilizer or too wet plant materials in the pot and mechanical damage in the transplanting process are avoided, and the chemical prevention and treatment can be carried out by adopting 400 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 1000 times of 30.3% tetracyclines soluble powder, 1000 times of 68.8% poly-streptomycin wettable powder and 1000 times of 10% streptomycin wettable powder;
when pest control snails and slugs usually come out after sunset and harm hybrid orchid seedlings, 6% of Mida granules can be used to be placed around a flowerpot by special medicines, and the medicines are easy to lose effectiveness after water is taken, and the medicines are placed in the evening before 1d of watering;
(6) And (5) out-nursery packaging: the potted flowers can be delivered after more than 1/4 of the potted flowers are bloomed after the finished products are graded, packaged, stored and transported. And ranked according to the relevant ranking criteria. The packaging can be made of corrugated paper boxes with the specification of 110cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 20cm, the corrugated paper boxes meet the requirements specified by GB/T6543, flowers are wrapped by non-woven fabrics and horizontally placed in the middle of the paper boxes, and flowerpots are fixed on two sides of the paper boxes by rubberized fabrics. Both the vehicle in which the orchid is shipped and the location where it is stored should be kept at a constant temperature of 23 ℃.
The embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are cultivated in separate greenhouses, the growth condition of the paphiopedilum is monitored in the cultivation process, the monitoring points of the growth condition of the paphiopedilum are the number of flower buds, the number of flowers, the affected area and the disease and pest conditions in the growth process of the paphiopedilum, the monitoring points are visible to the naked eye, for example, soft rot, snails and slugs are visible to the naked eye, the monitoring time is the whole process of paphiopedilum cultivation, the flower bud numbers of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 record the affected point in the same time period, the flower numbers of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 record the affected area and the pest conditions of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 observe in the same time period, the monitoring points are recorded by photographing, and the growth conditions of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are shown in the following table:
| flower bud count (get)Average value of multiple plants) | Flower number (average of multiple plants) | Affected area (average of multiple plants is taken by the affected spots on the plants) | Insect pest (based on insect body individual quantity, taking average value of multiple strains) | |
| Example 1 | 1 flower | 1 flower | 3 pieces of | 3 pieces of |
| Example 2 | 2 flowers | 2 flowers | 2 pieces of | 2 pieces of |
| Example 3 | 3 flowers | 3 flowers | Invisible to naked eyes | Without any means for |
In summary, the paphiopedilum cultivated in example 3 grows relatively best and has relatively least pest and disease damage; according to the paphiopedilum cultivation method, high-temperature disinfection is carried out on a cultivation substrate from the preparation of the substrate, the substrate is crushed into at least three specifications for later use, the first transplanting is carried out after seedling training in the cultivation process, fertilization is carried out after at least nine days of planting, the second transplanting is carried out after seedling growing, fertilization is carried out after at least nine days of transplanting, flower forcing operation is carried out after the second transplanting and fertilization, targeted pest control is carried out after the flower forcing is successful, targeted medicament is prepared, the placement effect of orchid pests can be effectively ensured, and in addition, the packaging and transferring method after the orchid cultivation is further disclosed, and damage caused by improper packaging and transferring of the orchid is avoided.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail by means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The paphiopedilum cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Preparing a cultivation substrate: the preparation of the cultivation substrate adopts pine bark formula substrate, the substrate is crushed into three specifications of particle sizes for standby, the three specifications of particle sizes are respectively 0.3-2 cm, 0.5-1 cm and 1-2 cm, and before the substrate is used, the substrate is washed by clean water and disinfected at high temperature;
2) Cultivating paphiopedilum: the paphiopedilum cultivation method comprises the following steps of:
(1) Hardening seedling and introducing: acclimatizing the seedling-hardening introduction orchid Miao Liantong seedling bottle in a cultivation field for 10-15 d, planting the acclimatized seedling bottle in a seedling tray with a matrix, placing the seedling tray with small seedlings in a seedling bed, and placing the seedling bed in a greenhouse;
(2) Transplanting for the first time: after 60-90 days, the flower seedlings in the seedling tray are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup, and fertilization can be started after 9-10 days of planting;
(3) And (3) transplanting for the second time: 2-3 new leaves are produced after the seedlings grow out, and the seedlings are transplanted to a cultivation basin after the root system grows well, and fertilization is started after the transplanting;
(4) Flower forcing: stopping fertilizing in the flower forcing process, controlling watering, increasing illumination intensity, controlling until flower buds appear, starting to recover water and fertilizer supply after the flower buds appear, reducing illumination intensity, and recovering proper growth temperature;
(5) Pest control: bacterial soft rot control, snail and slug control;
(6) And (5) out-nursery packaging: flowers in the cultivation pot can be put out of the nursery and packaged after more than 1/4 of flowers bloom.
2. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: and 2) when seedlings are planted after hardening seedlings in the step 2), cleaning roots with clear water, planting the seedlings in a seedling tray, wherein mechanical damage to blue seedlings is not caused in the cultivation process, the cultivation depth is in the range of completely covering root systems with matrix, the seedling tray needs to leave about 1/5 space at the upper part, the density is cut into the seedling tray according to the row spacing of 50X 50mm, the seedling tray after the cut seedlings are placed in a seedling bed is immediately sprayed with water, the seedling tray is thoroughly irrigated, the night temperature is regulated to be in the range of 15-25 ℃, the seedlings enter the seedling bed and are sprayed with water for 2-3 minutes every day, and the humidity in a greenhouse is kept at 65-75%.
3. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the blue seedlings and the matrix are moved into a cutting and cultivating cup with the diameter of 50mm during the first transplanting, the directions of the cup planting blades are consistent when the blue seedlings are placed, and the blades are placed in parallel according to the diagonal line of a seedling tray.
4. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the fertilization operation is started after 9-10 d of first transplanting, water-soluble balance fertilizers are selected, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-soluble balance fertilizers is 20:20:20, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4000-5000 times, fertilization is carried out at a degree of seedling tray penetration, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the culture medium is flushed with clean water for 1 time per month, after the second transplanting, the nitrogen fertilizer is Shi Gao in the first 6 months, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high nitrogen fertilizer is 30:10:10 of nitrogen, the fertilization frequency is 1 time per week, the illumination intensity is controlled at 8000Lx, and the highest temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
5. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), fertilization is stopped during flower forcing operation, watering is controlled, a substrate is kept in a dry state, proper foliar water spraying is performed to avoid wilting, the foliar is dried as soon as possible after spraying, and the foliar water spraying is absolutely prohibited after flower buds appear, the illumination intensity is increased at the stage, 20% of the original planting conditions can be increased, fertilization is resumed after flower buds appear, balanced fertilizer is applied, root irrigation is performed, the illumination intensity is reduced to 8000 Lx-10000 Lx, the temperature is 25 ℃, and a bracket is set up when the flower buds are extracted by about 10 cm.
6. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), during pest control, 400 times of liquid of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid of 30.3% tetracyclines soluble powder, 1000 times of liquid of 68.8% poly-streptomycin wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 10% tetracyclines wettable powder are selected for controlling bacterial soft rot; the granule for preventing and treating snail and slug is prepared by placing 6% of Mida granule around flowerpot, and placing medicine in the first 1d of late afternoon.
7. A method of cultivating paphiopedilum as in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), corrugated cartons are adopted when the nursery is packaged, the specifications of the corrugated cartons are 110cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 20cm, the corrugated cartons meet the requirements specified by GB/T6543, flowers are wrapped by non-woven fabrics and horizontally placed in the middle of the cartons, flowerpots are fixed on two sides of the cartons by rubberized fabrics, and transportation means and storage places for transporting orchids are kept at constant temperature of 20-25 ℃.
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