CN117426489A - 一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117426489A CN117426489A CN202311518177.6A CN202311518177A CN117426489A CN 117426489 A CN117426489 A CN 117426489A CN 202311518177 A CN202311518177 A CN 202311518177A CN 117426489 A CN117426489 A CN 117426489A
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- syrup
- juice
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁及其制备方法与应用,属于调味品加工技术领域。本发明通过柚子盐与糖浆、水、酱油、蚝油、料酒、白醋、果蔬芡汁、增稠剂、香辛料及食用色素的相互配合,得到香味和滋味独特的复合调味汁,将其用于加工肉类预制菜时,肉类原料与调味汁相互融合,可有效祛除肉类的荤腥气味,使菜肴更加可口;此外,本复合调味汁流变性好,具有使用方便、清香解腥、风味独特的优势,且有低盐特点,有助于降低预制菜中高盐份导致的慢性病的健康风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及调味品加工技术领域,特别涉及一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
预制菜指以农、畜、禽、水产品为原料,配以各种辅料,经预加工(如分切、搅拌、腌制、成型、调味)等完成的菜品。肉类预制菜指运用现代标准化流水作业,对原料进行前期制作加工,经过卫生、科学包装后,消费者通过加热或蒸、炒等方式即能直接食用的便捷肉类菜品。只需采用简单的“一步式”烹饪方式,即经过最后一关加热(明火、微波)或者稍稍翻炒(蒸)就可以成为不同形态、不同风味的肉类(水产类)菜肴。随着生活节奏的加快以及餐饮趋势的变革,“预制菜”也越来越受餐饮从业者和家庭“煮妇”的喜爱。近年来,随着预制菜菜品、菜系的不断更新,风味还原度不断提升,“肉类预制菜”被更多消费者所推崇和接受。但当前的大部分“预制菜”滋味过咸,调味也过重,仅从包装上的配料表和营养成分表就可以看出其调味料里钠含量普遍过高。减盐、轻口味和轻食是预制菜尤其是肉类预制菜风味的下一步调整的方向,技术升级与创新是预制菜行业品质升级重要的突破口。
复合调味酱汁是以两种以上的调味汁为主要原料,且具有流变性良好、易添加的一种调味汁,有呈香强烈、促进食欲、改善风味等功能。该复合调味汁是区别于传统的调味酱等高热量高盐调味酱汁的一类调味汁,不添加油脂和人工合成鲜味成分,采用物理技术措施进行加工处理,最终得到有中国风味特色的低盐、使用方便、清香解腥、风味独特的肉类(水产类)调味酱汁。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁及其制备方法与应用,本发明提供的复合调味汁具有低盐、清香解腻的优点,其使用方便,适合肉类预制菜。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁,包含以下体积份数的组分:糖浆1.5份-2.5份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份-3份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升、果蔬芡汁4份-6份。
在本发明中,将咸鲜调味料典型代表的酱油、蚝油与柚子盐和果蔬芡汁混合,具有显著的协同提鲜作用;将香辛料与料酒合用有显著的协同去腥作用,多种原料混合丰富了味感,中和了单一的咸味;糖浆与咸调味汁合用是传统的中式菜肴的风味特征,还提升了风味的层次;此外,柚子皮中含有一些天然芳香类物质和挥发油,这些物质能提味增鲜,也能去除油腻,而且它们能加快脂肪的分解与代谢,减少身体对油腻物质的吸收;对于含有海鲜或者是肉类的预制菜,柚子盐还能起到去腥去膻的作用,丰富了其挥发性风味和滋味层次。
优选地,所述肉类预制菜复合调味汁还包括增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素。在本发明中,所述增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素可按产品和生产需要酌量添加。
优选地,所述柚子盐由柚子皮粉和食盐混匀后得到;所述柚子皮粉和食盐的质量比为1:4。在本发明中,所述柚子皮粉为柚子皮采用采用喷雾干燥法制备得到。本发明采用喷雾干燥可使颗粒均匀细致,并能使其迅速在低温下溶解,在柚子盐与食材充分接触后,可使清新香味得到充分释放。
在本发明中,柚子盐具有天然的柚子的芳香气息,可抑制和改善原料中的腥味,开胃还化腥解腻,是做肉类和海鲜时,替代普通食盐的最佳调味盐,风味清新淡雅,提升菜肴的清香。
优选地,所述果蔬芡汁为将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜和香菇或番茄分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水混合得到;或者将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜和香菇或番茄混合后用水熬煮得到;所述苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、番茄、生姜、蒜瓣、香菜的质量比为1:4:4:2:1:1:3:2:2;所述混合汁与饮用水的体积比为1:1;所述将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜、香菇、番茄混合后用水熬煮时水的用量为混合物的2倍;所述熬煮时间为30min以上。
在本发明中,果蔬芡汁作为主要成分作为水分的替代,其原料均源自天然产物,不含合成类添加剂,使其主要成分天然无毒安全,口感纯正,且鲜味明显。
优选地,所述糖浆为黄冰糖糖浆或者含有55%果糖的55号果葡糖浆;所述黄冰糖糖浆为黄冰糖、果葡糖浆和水的混合糖浆。
优选地,所述增稠剂包括黄原胶、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯或乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述香辛料包括大蒜粉、胡椒粉、姜粉、辣椒粉、腐乳汁、香油;所述大蒜粉和姜粉的制备方法为:采用干燥、烘烤、脱水、破碎工艺对蒜头或者生姜和添加剂进行处理,再粉碎成80-150目的蒜粉或者姜粉。在本发明中,所述干燥的方法为热风干燥、中短波红外干燥、真空冷冻干燥、热风-变温压差膨化干燥或中短波红外-变温压差膨化干燥。
进一步优选地,所述大蒜粉中还包括添加剂;所述添加剂为环糊精或微晶纤维素。
优选地,所述食用色素为焦糖色;所述焦糖色为无氨法生产的E150a型。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述肉类预制菜复合调味汁的制备方法,将上述所述原料按照比例混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,然后进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
本发明将原料统一均质,可以使原料的粒径均匀,提高产品流变性,提高使用方便性,增强食用的口感。
优选地,所述均质的温度为60±3℃,均质压力为20兆帕。在该均质参数下,均质后色泽更加均匀,口感更加厚实。
优选地,在将上述所述原料按照比例混合前,还包括对原料进行去杂质处理。经过去杂质处理可以减少原料中的杂质,降低杂质对产品品质的影响。
优选地,在进行灭菌和分袋包装前,本发明先将包装材料用臭氧或紫外线灭菌30-40min,将包装材料经过灭菌之后再用于包装,可以提高复合调味汁的保存期,提高产品品质。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述肉类预制菜复合调味汁在预制菜产业和餐饮行业中的应用。
有益技术效果:
本发明通过柚子盐与糖浆、水、酱油、蚝油、料酒、白醋、果蔬芡汁、增稠剂、香辛料及食用色素的相互配合,得到香味和滋味独特的复合调味汁,将其用于加工肉类预制菜时,肉类原料与调味汁相互融合,可有效祛除肉类的荤腥气味,使菜肴更加可口;此外,本复合调味汁流变性好,具有使用方便、清香解腥、风味独特的优势,且有低盐特点,有助于降低预制菜中高盐份导致的慢性病的健康风险。
附图说明
图1为肉类预制菜复合调味汁的感官量化描述分析(QDA)图;
图2为实施例1的调味汁传感器阵列性能图;
图3为实施例2的调味汁传感器阵列性能图;
图4为实施例3的调味汁传感器阵列性能图;
图5为实施例4的调味汁传感器阵列性能图;
图6为实施例1和实施例2的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图,其中,左图为实施例1的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图,右图为实施例2的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图;
图7为实施例3和实施例4的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图,其中,左图为实施例3的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图,右图为实施例4的调味汁中挥发性香气成分GC-IMS二维谱图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
肉类预制菜调味汁的原料为:糖浆2份、果蔬芡汁4份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升;增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素酌量添加;其中,增稠剂为黄原胶和乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯,香辛料为辣椒粉和胡椒粉,食用色素为焦糖色。所述果蔬芡汁为将质量比为1:4:4:2:1:1:3:2:2的苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、番茄、生姜、蒜瓣、香菜分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水1:1混合得到。
将各原料混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,对包装材料进行臭氧灭菌40min之后,将酱汁进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
实施例2
肉类预制菜调味汁的原料为:糖浆2.5份、果蔬芡汁4份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升;增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素酌量添加;其中,增稠剂为黄原胶和乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯,香辛料为腐乳汁和大蒜粉,食用色素为焦糖色。所述果蔬芡汁为将质量比为1:4:4:2:1:1:3:2:2的苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、番茄、生姜、蒜瓣、香菜分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水1:1混合得到。
将各原料混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,对包装材料进行臭氧灭菌35min之后,将酱汁进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
实施例3
肉类预制菜调味汁的原料为:糖浆2份、果蔬芡汁5份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升、增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素酌量添加;其中,增稠剂为黄原胶,香辛料为腐乳汁、大蒜粉、胡椒粉、香油,食用色素为焦糖色。所述果蔬芡汁为将质量比为1:4:4:2:1:3:2:2的苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、生姜、蒜瓣、香菜分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水1:1混合得到。
将各原料混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,对包装材料进行臭氧灭菌40min之后,将酱汁进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
实施例4
肉类预制菜调味汁的原料为:糖浆1.5份、果蔬芡汁6份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升、增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素酌量添加;其中,增稠剂为黄原胶和乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯,香辛料为大蒜粉,食用色素为焦糖色。所述果蔬芡汁为将质量比为1:4:4:2:1:3:2:2的苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、生姜、蒜瓣、香菜分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水1:1混合得到。
将各原料混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,对包装材料进行臭氧灭菌40min之后,将酱汁进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
试验例:
1.应用感官分析:
组织30名感官评价小组成员分别品尝实施例1-4所述复合调味汁,按照以下标准,对4种调味汁的风味进行评价,分析结果如图1所示;
(1)丰富性:滋味层次很丰富10分;较丰富5分;层次不明显0分;
(2)滋味口感:滋味咸鲜清香、滋味丰满富有层次5分;滋味较为丰富饱满3分;滋味单一1分;
(3)甜:甜味明显突出0分,甜味较淡-3分;甜味不明显-10分;
(4)咸:咸味明显突出10分,咸味较淡8分;咸味不明显0分;
(5)涩:涩味明显突出5分,涩味较淡0分;涩味不明显-5分;
(6)鲜:鲜味突出8分,鲜味明显5分;鲜味不明显0分;
(7)酸:酸味明显突出0分,酸味较淡-15分;酸味不明显-20分;
(8)苦:苦味明显突出5分,苦味较淡3分;苦味不明显0分。
由图1可以看出,实施例1-4制备的调味汁应用后的风味特征各不相同,从整体口感来看,实施例2的口感优于其他实施例;从丰富性来看,实施例2和3的丰富性稍优于实施例1、4,由图1中还可以看出,实施例4的甜口感较为突出,实施例1的咸味最为突出;实施例3的咸味、鲜味和丰富性均要高于实施例4。虽然配料相近,但是4种复合调味汁用于同一种肉类食材后的风味特征各有千秋,适合不同地区和不同风味嗜好的消费者,说明本发明制备的复合调味粉不仅可以增添肉类菜肴的风味,使其口感更加丰富、鲜美,还可以用于不同的肉类预制菜或者用于烧烤和烘焙,根据用途不同调整用量即可,即本发明制备的复合调味汁适用于多种食物,应用范围广泛。
2.应用例电子鼻分析
样品准备:分别称取实施例1-4中的复合调味汁5g置100ml烧杯中用保鲜膜封口,静置30min待测。
仪器与设备:电子鼻系统,PEN3,德国AIRSENSE公司,该电子鼻含有10个不同的金属氧化物传感器,组成传感器阵列。
测试方法:直接顶空吸气法。直接将进样针头插入含样品的密封样品杯中,电子鼻进行测定。测定条件:采样时间为1秒/组;传感器自清洗时间为80秒;传感器归零时间为5秒;样品准备时间为5秒;进样流量为400ml/min;分析采样时间为80秒。
数据处理:本实验在对样品的数据采集过程中,通过查看每个传感器响应信号的变化曲线、每个时间点的信号值及指纹图,可以清晰考察各个传感器在实验分析过程中的响应情况;并通过传感器选择设置可以查看在不同数量的传感器情况下的响应情况;由于每个传感器对某一类特征气体响应剧烈,可以确定分析过程中样品主要挥发出了哪一类特征气体;对于样品风味区分分析,本实验提取10个传感器的特征值,然后采用主成分分析法(PCA),线性判别法(LDA)和传感器区别贡献率分析法(Loadings)作为主要区别分析方法;在用PCA进行分析时,可以查看在每个主成分下样品区分的状况,并可以分析样品之间主要是由哪一类组分起主要区分作用;LDA是DFA(识别因子法)的第一步,LDA分析注重类别的分类以及各种组之间的距离分析;Loadings分析法与PCA是相关的,它们都基于同一种算法,但不同的是,本实验中Loadings算法主要是对传感器进行研究,利用该方法可以确认特定实验样品下各传感器对样品区分的贡献率大小,从而可以考察在这个样品区分过程中哪一类气体起了主要区分作用。通过区别判定DFA、欧氏距离EUCLID、马氏距离MAHALANOBIS和相关性分析CORRELATION等方法,得到有效判定未知样风味差异的实验结果,下表1为本发明传感器的性能描述。
表1
阵列序号 | 传感器名称 | 性能描述 |
1 | W1C | 芳香成分,苯类 |
2 | W5S | 灵敏度大,对氮氧化合物很灵敏 |
3 | W3C | 氨水,对芳香成分灵敏 |
4 | W6S | 主要对氢气有选择性 |
5 | W5C | 烷烃芳香成分 |
6 | W1S | 对甲烷等短链烷烃灵敏 |
7 | W1W | 对有机硫化物灵敏 |
8 | W2S | 对醇醚醛酮类灵敏 |
9 | W2W | 芳香成分,对无机硫化物灵敏 |
10 | W3S | 对烷烃灵敏,长链烷烃类 |
整个测试过程中传感器对4个实施例的响应值曲线见图2-图5。
由图2-图5可看出,从传感器响应情况可得以下结论:
A.实施例2和3的香气浓郁,电子鼻对其有良好的响应;
B.对实施例3和4进行比较可见,对二者响应明显的传感器相似,均为R7\2\6\8\9,从传感器响应值来看,电子鼻对实施例3的传感器响应值远高于实施例4;
C.对实施例1和2进行比较可见,对二者响应明显的传感器也一致,同样是R7\2\6\8\9,从传感器响应值来看,二者在气味上的差异不如实施例3和4悬殊,平稳后的响应值均较大,且相对接近,其中实施例1响应值更高。
3.挥发性物质差异分析
样品准备:准确移取样品1g置于20mL顶空瓶中,60℃孵育15min后进样,每个样品测定3组平行。
仪器与设备
气相离子迁移谱,G.A.S.公司(德国,Dortmund);CTC-PAL 3静态顶空自动进样装置,CTCAnalyticsAG公司(瑞士,Zwingen);VOCal数据处理软件(0.4.03),G.A.S.公司(德国,Dortmund)。
试验方法
顶空进样条件
孵化温度:60℃;孵化时间:15min;进样体积:500μL;不分流进样;孵化转速:500r/min;进样针温度:85℃。
GC条件:
色谱柱温度:60℃;载气:高纯氮(纯度≥99.999%);程序升压:初始流量2.00mL/min保持2min,在8min内线性增至10.00mL/min,在10min内线性增至100.00mL/min,保持10min。色谱运行时间:30min;进样口温度:80℃。
表2气相色谱条件
利用GC-IMS技术对4个实施例样品中挥发性成分进行分析,共测定出挥发性成分50种,见图6和图7。
通过对实施例1和2样品中挥发性物质进行比较分析,结果表明:(E)-2-辛烯醛、丙酸丙酯、异戊酮、柠檬烯、3-甲基丁醇、2-辛酮在实施例1样品中含量较高。(E)-2-庚烯醛、α-萜品二烯、1,8-桉树脑、己酸甲酯、环己酮、乙酸异戊酯、丁酸异丁酯、2-丁酮、2-甲基丁醛、二甲基硫化物、2-甲基丙醛、8号未知峰、2-羟基-2-甲基-4-戊酮、2-庚酮、庚醛、辛醛、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇在实施例2样品中含量最高,说明实施例2的风味更加丰富(见图6)。
通过对实施例3和4样品中挥发性物质进行比较分析,结果表明:2-甲基-丙醇、2-羟基-2-甲基-4-酮、2-庚酮、丁醇、8号未知峰、丙酸丙酯、5号未知峰、异戊酮、3-甲基丁醇、辛醛、在实施例3样品中含量较高。2-甲基-2-庚烯-6-酮、(E)-2-庚烯醛、2-辛酮、(E)-2-辛烯醛、α-萜品二烯、2-甲基丁酸-3-甲基丁酯、γ-萜品烯、4号未知峰、α-水芹烯、(Z)-2-甲基-戊-2-烯醛、δ-3-蒈烯、己酸甲酯、乙酸异戊酯、丁酸异丁酯、2-乙基呋喃、环己酮、乙酸甲酯、己醛、庚醛、2-丁酮、2-甲基丁醛、二甲基硫化物、柠檬烯、1,8-桉树脑、2-戊酮、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇、二乙基二硫化物在实施例4样品中含量较高(见图7)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,包含以下体积份数的组分:糖浆1.5份-2.5份、酱油2份、蚝油1份、料酒2份-3份、白醋1份、柚子盐5克/100毫升、果蔬芡汁4份-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,还包括增稠剂、香辛料和食用色素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述柚子盐由柚子皮粉和食盐混匀后得到;所述柚子皮粉和食盐的质量比为1:4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述果蔬芡汁为将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜和香菇或番茄分别均质成汁后混合均匀得到混合汁,再将混合汁与饮用水混合得到;或者将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜和香菇或番茄混合后用水熬煮得到;所述苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菇、番茄、生姜、蒜、香菜的质量比为1:4:4:2:1:1:3:2:2;所述混合汁与饮用水的体积比为1:1;所述将苹果、洋葱、胡萝卜、芹菜、香菜、生姜、蒜、香菇、番茄混合后用水熬煮时水的用量为混合物的2倍;所述熬煮时间为30min以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述糖浆为黄冰糖糖浆或者含有55%果糖的55号果葡糖浆;所述黄冰糖糖浆为黄冰糖、果葡糖浆和水的混合糖浆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述增稠剂包括黄原胶、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯或乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述香辛料包括大蒜粉、胡椒粉、姜粉、辣椒粉、腐乳汁、香油;所述大蒜粉和姜粉的制备方法为:采用干燥、烘烤、脱水、破碎工艺对蒜头或者生姜和添加剂进行处理,再粉碎成80-150目的蒜粉或者姜粉。
8.根据权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁,其特征在于,所述食用色素为焦糖色;所述焦糖色为无氨法生产的E150a型。
9.权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁的制备方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述原料按照比例混合均匀、均质、过滤、灭菌,得到酱汁,然后进行灭菌和分袋包装,即得到肉类预制菜复合调味汁。
10.权利要求1所述的肉类预制菜复合调味汁在预制菜产业和餐饮行业中的应用。
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