CN117417596B - 一种聚丙烯土工布及软体排 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及防冲护岸技术领域，具体为一种聚丙烯土工布及软体排，以重量份数计，由以下原料制备而成：聚丙烯80‑100份、聚烯烃弹性体10‑20份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS 1‑3份、纳米二氧化钛0.1‑1份、云母粉0.1‑1份、马来酸0.05‑0.1份、稀土硬脂酸盐0.05‑0.1份，本发明所制备的聚丙烯粒料具有良好的力学性能和耐老化性能，用于制作的聚丙烯土工布具有更长的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防冲护岸技术领域，具体为一种聚丙烯土工布及软体排。
背景技术
土工布，又称土工织物，是由纤维材料经过织造或非织造工艺加工而形成的一种具有透水性能的岩土工程或土木工程用纺织品。土工布的拉伸强度高、延伸性好、水力学特性优良，具有隔离、过滤、排水、加固、防护和防渗等功能，应用领域十分广泛。
聚丙烯土工布的强度较高，耐腐蚀性和耐酸碱性能优异，且耐低温性能好，具备较好的芯吸效应和渗水能力，尤其是能在碱性环境和高寒地区发挥至关重要的作用，缺点是在紫外光的作用下易老化，这限制了其应用领域。
发明内容
发明目的：针对上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种聚丙烯土工布及软体排。
所采用的技术方案如下：
一种聚丙烯土工布，以重量份数计，由以下原料制备而成：
聚丙烯80-100份、聚烯烃弹性体10-20份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS1-3份、纳米二氧化钛0.1-1份、云母粉0.1-1份、马来酸0.05-0.1份、稀土硬脂酸盐0.05-0.1份。
进一步地，所述羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS的制备方法如下：
将聚丙烯腈用硫氰酸钠溶液溶解后，用硫酸调节所得溶液的pH至1，搅拌反应1-6h后倒入水中，滤出生成的固体并用水洗涤后干燥得到羧基化聚丙烯腈，将羧基化聚丙烯腈、环氧基POSS、阻聚剂、催化剂和二甲苯混合，加热至110-120℃反应1-5h，期间利用分水器分出反应所生成的水，反应结束后自然冷却至室温，分离出下层粘稠物，冷冻干燥即可。
进一步地，所述羧基化聚丙烯腈、环氧基POSS的重量比为10-20：1。
进一步地，所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚中的任意一种或多种。
进一步地，所述催化剂为N,N-二甲基苄胺和/或三乙胺。
进一步地，所述稀土硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸镧和/或硬脂酸铈。
进一步地，上述聚丙烯土工布的制备方法如下：
将聚丙烯、聚烯烃弹性体、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS、纳米二氧化钛、云母粉、马来酸、稀土硬脂酸盐加入双螺杆挤出机中混合、熔融、挤出后得到粒料，所得粒料经过熔融纺丝、牵伸、定型、上油、梳理铺网、针刺定型即可得到所述聚丙烯土工布。
进一步地，熔融纺丝的温度为240-260℃。
进一步地，针刺定型的针刺密度为72-96针/cm2，针刺深度为10-15mm。
本发明还提供了一种软体排，由上述聚丙烯土工布制备而成。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了一种聚丙烯土工布，聚丙烯腈经过羧基化后部分氰基被氧化成羧基，再与环氧基POSS反应后得到羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS，其结构中既含有POSS基团能提高其阻燃性能，并改善聚丙烯的结晶行为，使体系晶粒变小，结晶度提高，从而提高聚丙烯的力学强度，聚丙烯腈中剩余的氰基具有较强的吸收紫外线能力，并且能够将吸收的能量通过激发态到基态的弛豫过程释放出来，使聚丙烯分子链上的叔氢原子被保护起来，减少分子链降解现象的发生，一定程度上起到抗老化的作用，纳米二氧化钛和云母粉作为填料可以提高聚丙烯的力学强度，并且能够吸收、反射、折射、散射紫外线，提高聚丙烯土工布对于紫外线的屏蔽作用，提高抗老化性能，马来酸和稀土硬脂酸盐组成的复合物能够诱导β晶体成核，提高聚丙烯中β晶型含量，从而改善聚丙烯的力学强度，本发明所制备的聚丙烯粒料具有良好的力学性能和耐老化性能，用于制作的聚丙烯土工布具有更长的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术，除非特别指出，以下实施例和对比例为平行试验，采用同样的处理步骤和参数。
聚丙烯：T30S，购自辽宁华锦通达化工股份有限公司；
聚烯烃弹性体：8150，购自美国DOW化学公司；
羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS：自制；
纳米二氧化钛：金红石型，购自河北博钛化工有限公司；
云母粉：400-600目，购自广东源磊粉体有限公司；
马来酸：购自济南鑫全化工科技有限公司；
硬脂酸镧：购自湖北兴恒业科技有限公司。
实施例1：
一种聚丙烯土工布，以重量份数计，由以下原料制备而成：
聚丙烯85份、聚烯烃弹性体14份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS 2份、纳米二氧化钛0.5份、云母粉0.5份、马来酸0.05份、硬脂酸镧0.05份。
其中，羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS的制备方法如下：
取50g聚丙烯腈用800ml质量浓度为50％的硫氰酸钠溶液溶解得到均一溶液，用浓硫酸调节溶液的pH至1，搅拌反应5h后缓慢倒入5L水中，边倒边搅拌，时间为10min，将生成的固体滤出，并用水洗涤至中性，再置于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥24h得到羧基化聚丙烯腈，将15g羧基化聚丙烯腈、1g环氧基POSS、0.005g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、0.1g三乙胺和500ml二甲苯混合，搅拌均匀后加热至110℃反应5h，期间利用分水器分出反应所生成的水，反应结束后自然冷却至室温，倒出上层清液，下层粘稠物用水洗涤后，-40℃低温冷冻干燥10h即可。
上述聚丙烯土工布的制备方法如下：
将聚丙烯、聚烯烃弹性体、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS、纳米二氧化钛、云母粉、马来酸、硬脂酸镧加入双螺杆挤出机中混合、熔融、挤出后得到粒料，挤出机的温度由料筒至机头依次设定为：190℃、195℃、200℃、210℃、220℃和190℃，主机转速为120r/min，所得粒料经过250℃熔融纺丝，初生纤维后牵伸4倍，再经80℃热风定型5min，喷淋上油、梳理铺网、针刺定型后即可得到聚丙烯土工布，针刺定型的针刺密度为72针/cm2，针刺深度为12mm。
实施例2：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，以重量份数计，聚丙烯土工布由以下原料制备而成：
聚丙烯100份、聚烯烃弹性体20份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS 3份、纳米二氧化钛1份、云母粉1份、马来酸0.1份、硬脂酸镧0.1份。
实施例3：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，以重量份数计，聚丙烯土工布由以下原料制备而成：
聚丙烯80份、聚烯烃弹性体10份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS 1份、纳米二氧化钛0.1份、云母粉0.1份、马来酸0.05份、硬脂酸镧0.05份。
对比例1：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS。
对比例2：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入纳米二氧化钛。
对比例3：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入云母粉。
对比例4：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入马来酸。
对比例5：
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入硬脂酸镧。
性能测试：
将本发明实施例1-3及对比例1-5中所制备的粒料注射成型制成试样进行性能测试，具体测试方法如下：
按照GB/T 1040-1992在拉伸试验机上测定拉伸性能，拉伸速率50mm/min；
按照GB/T 1043.1-2008在悬臂梁缺口冲击实验机上测试进行冲击性能测试，采用2.75J摆锤；
依据GB/T 16422.3《塑料实验室光源暴露实验方法第三部分：荧光紫外灯》进行耐老化测试，测试光源选择1A型(UVA-340)紫外荧光灯，暴露循环按照循环序号1(辐照强度为0.76W·m-2·nm-1，循环周期为8h干燥，温度为60±3℃，4h凝露，关闭光源，温度50±3℃)。循环时间20d，取出试样并在室温下干燥测试其拉伸性能和冲击性能的变化，性能保持率为评价耐老化性能的指标。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1：
由上表1可知，本发明所制备的聚丙烯粒料具有良好的力学性能和耐老化性能，用于制作的聚丙烯土工布具有更长的使用寿命。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，以重量份数计，由以下原料制备而成：
聚丙烯80-100份、聚烯烃弹性体10-20份、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS1-3份、纳米二氧化钛0.1-1份、云母粉0.1-1份、马来酸0.05-0.1份、稀土硬脂酸盐0.05-0.1份；
所述羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS的制备方法如下：
将聚丙烯腈用硫氰酸钠溶液溶解后，用硫酸调节所得溶液的pH至1，搅拌反应1-6h后倒入水中，滤出生成的固体并用水洗涤后干燥得到羧基化聚丙烯腈，将羧基化聚丙烯腈、环氧基POSS、阻聚剂、催化剂和二甲苯混合，加热至110-120℃反应1-5h，期间利用分水器分出反应所生成的水，反应结束后自然冷却至室温，分离出下层粘稠物，冷冻干燥即可；
所述羧基化聚丙烯腈、环氧基POSS的重量比为10-20：1。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚中的任意一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，所述催化剂为N,N-二甲基苄胺和/或三乙胺。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，所述稀土硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸镧和/或硬脂酸铈。
5.如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，制备方法如下：
将聚丙烯、聚烯烃弹性体、羧基化聚丙烯腈改性环氧基POSS、纳米二氧化钛、云母粉、马来酸、稀土硬脂酸盐加入双螺杆挤出机中混合、熔融、挤出后得到粒料，所得粒料经过熔融纺丝、牵伸、定型、上油、梳理铺网、针刺定型即可得到所述聚丙烯土工布。
6.如权利要求5所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，熔融纺丝的温度为240-260℃。
7.如权利要求5所述的聚丙烯土工布，其特征在于，针刺定型的针刺密度为72-96针/cm2，针刺深度为10-15mm。
8.一种软体排，其特征在于，由权利要求1-7中任一项所述的聚丙烯土工布制备而成。
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