CN117378448A - Saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117378448A CN117378448A CN202311506337.5A CN202311506337A CN117378448A CN 117378448 A CN117378448 A CN 117378448A CN 202311506337 A CN202311506337 A CN 202311506337A CN 117378448 A CN117378448 A CN 117378448A
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- alkali soil
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Cotton varieties adopt short-season cotton with a cultivation period less than 105 days, and grass varieties select forage grass; (2) Deep ploughing in saline-alkali soil, planting forage grass in the first ten days of 11 months, and mowing and harvesting in the first ten days of 5 months of the second year; (3) The cotton is planted in the next 5 th and 10 th days without film. The grass cotton rotation planting mode provided by the invention utilizes a large amount of resources of a single-season cotton planting area of the light and medium saline-alkali soil to the greatest extent, realizes a single-cropping to double-cropping and one-cropping to two-cropping land efficient utilization mode, improves the land reseeding index, increases the land yield per unit area, can give consideration to cotton and forage grass production, can effectively inhibit the spring salt returning of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the use amount of mulching films, and has great significance for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a grass cotton rotation planting method for saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali area of yellow river delta mainly adopts plastic film to cover and plant first ripe spring cotton, is difficult to intensively ripe and mechanically pick, has multiple labor and low benefit, and has long winter idle period and serious salt returning. Especially, the residual film and excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers aggravate the pollution of soil non-point sources.
The development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are mainly carried out by adopting methods of ditching, alkali removal, high-water-pressure salt removal and the like in the past, so that the agricultural production condition of the saline-alkali soil is improved to a certain extent. But the mode of the 'changing the ground to fit the seeds' has obvious disadvantages: high cost, difficult maintenance and large ecological disturbance. Along with the promotion of research concepts of 'centering with water, centering with water and centering with water yield', the water cost of the traditional large water flood irrigation and alkali compression is higher and higher, and the selection of saline-alkali tolerant plants suitable for saline-alkali soil becomes an important choice. Cotton is resistant to salt and alkali, drought and barren, so that the cotton becomes an important planted crop in a saline-alkali area, however, the existing cotton planting mode in the saline-alkali area is generally one year and one year, so that the saline-alkali area is partially idle in time, and the utilization rate of the saline-alkali area is reduced.
Crop rotation (crop rotation) refers to the sequential rotation of planting different crops between season and year on the same field. Such as soybean, wheat and corn, which are grown in one year, which is the rotation of a single crop in the middle of the year; under the condition of one year and more, the crop rotation in the year and the stubble changing in the year exist, such as the rotation of green manure, rice, rape, rice, wheat, rice and rice in the south, and the rotation is composed of different multiple cropping modes, so the crop rotation is also called multiple cropping rotation.
In the prior art, reports of application of crop rotation methods to saline-alkali soil are rarely utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in cotton planting in the prior art, the invention provides a saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method, which adopts grass cotton rotation planting method on the saline-alkali soil, changes one-year-old into two-year-old, improves the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil, and is beneficial to improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cotton varieties adopt short-season cotton with a cultivation period less than 105 days, and grass varieties select forage grass;
(2) Deep ploughing in saline-alkali soil, planting forage grass in the first ten days of 11 months, and mowing and harvesting in the first ten days of 5 months of the second year;
(3) The cotton is planted in the next 5 th and 10 th days without film.
Further, in the step (1), the index of the cotton fiber of the short season cotton is that the fiber length is more than or equal to 30mm, the breaking strength is 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is less than or equal to 4.6.
Further, in the step (1), the forage grass is at least one of triticale and alfalfa.
Further, in the step (2), large water irrigation salt washing is carried out before deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil, and organic matters are applied after deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the organic matters are crushed cotton straws.
Further, in the step (2), a wheat precision seeder or a broad-width precision seeder is adopted for sowing forage grass, and a tedder, a rake and a bundling machine are adopted for harvesting after forage grass mowing.
Further, in the step (3), the sowing mode of short-season cotton planting is that a hill planter or a drill planter is adopted to collect stubble and directly broadcast without a film, and if the soil moisture content is not good, the soil is directly irrigated.
Further, in the step (3), the planting method of the short-season cotton is that after the short-season cotton is sowed and planted, the short-season cotton is cultivated by a cultivation shovel, a defoliating agent is sprayed firstly during harvesting, then a cotton picker is used for picking, cotton stalks are returned to the field immediately after picking, and a decomposing agent is sprayed or the cotton stalks are pulled out mechanically.
Further, in the step (3), short-season cotton is planted at equal row spacing and is suitable for controlling crowns and root strengthening.
Further, in the step (3), fertilization is carried out during the period of planting short-season cotton without a film, and the fertilization method comprises the following steps:
before sowing, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to soil, wherein the fertilizing amount is 50-80 kg/mu;
applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the cotton growing period, wherein the application amount is 18 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 2:1:0.8;
in the cotton setting period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the application amount of 16 kg/mu, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 3:2:0.7.
the invention has the beneficial effects that the grass cotton rotation planting mode provided by the invention maximally utilizes a large amount of resources in the single-season cotton planting area of the light and medium saline-alkali soil, realizes the efficient utilization mode of the soil from single cropping to double cropping and from one cropping to two cropping, improves the soil multiple cropping index, increases the yield of the soil in unit area, not only can give consideration to the production of cotton and forage grass, but also can effectively inhibit the 'salt return' of the saline-alkali soil in spring and reduce the use amount of mulching films, and has great significance for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A grass cotton rotation planting method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) The cotton variety adopts short-season cotton with the cultivation period less than 105 days, the index of cotton fibers of the short-season cotton is that the fiber length is more than or equal to 31mm, the breaking strength is 30cN/tex, the micronaire value is less than or equal to 4.1, the short-season cotton variety selected in the embodiment is Lu cotton 258 which is a monovalent insect-resistant gene conventional summer cotton variety, and the growth period is 97-105 days;
the forage grass is selected from the forage grass, and is triticale, which combines the characteristics of high yield and quality of wheat, disease resistance, cold resistance, high lysine content and the like of rye, has huge hybrid growth vigor, and can be used as feed, brewing, biological energy and grain.
(2) Firstly, carrying out irrigation and salt washing on the saline-alkali soil with large water volume of 150m 3 The soil is deeply ploughed and loosened in the saline-alkali soil after irrigation and salt washing, the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, the organic matters after deep ploughing are crushed cotton straws, on one hand, the organic matters are favorable for providing, promoting soil nutrition, on the other hand, the crushed cotton straws are uniformly dispersed in the soil, so that the soil is fluffier and is favorable for ventilation, and the cotton straws after the last crop of harvesting can be adopted.
After deep ploughing of the saline-alkali land, sowing the triticale forage grass by adopting a wheat precision sowing machine for 11 months and 10 months, mowing the forage grass for 5 months and 10 months in the next year, and harvesting by adopting a tedder, a rake and a bundling machine.
(3) The method for planting short-season cotton in the number of 20 in the second year comprises the steps of adopting a hill planter or a drill planter to collect stubble and directly seeding without film, directly irrigating if the soil moisture content is not good, planting at equal row spacing and suitable time control crown and root strengthening, carrying out intertillage by using an intertillage shovel after the short-season cotton is sowed and emerged, and carrying out fertilization during the short-season cotton period, wherein the fertilization method comprises the following steps: before sowing, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to soil, wherein the fertilizing amount is 80 kg/mu; applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the cotton growing period, wherein the application amount is 18 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 2:1:0.8; in the cotton setting period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the application amount of 16 kg/mu, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 3:2:0.7; the cotton stalks should be returned to the field immediately and sprayed with the decomposing agent or pulled out by the machine after the cotton is picked by the cotton picker and the cotton No. 20 cotton is picked in the 10 month of the next year.
Example 2
A grass cotton rotation planting method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) The cotton variety adopts short-season cotton with the cultivation period less than 105 days, the index of cotton fibers of the short-season cotton is that the fiber length is more than or equal to 30mm, the breaking strength is 30cN/tex, the micronaire value is less than or equal to 4.5, the short-season cotton variety selected in the embodiment is Lu cotton 532 which is a monovalent insect-resistant gene conventional summer cotton variety, and the growth period is 93-105 days;
the forage grass is selected from the forage grass, and is triticale, which combines the characteristics of high yield and quality of wheat, disease resistance, cold resistance, high lysine content and the like of rye, has huge hybrid growth vigor, and can be used as feed, brewing, biological energy and grain.
(2) Firstly, carrying out irrigation and salt washing on the saline-alkali soil with large water volume of 150m 3 The soil is deeply ploughed and loosened in the saline-alkali soil after irrigation and salt washing, the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, the organic matters after deep ploughing are crushed cotton straws, on one hand, the organic matters are favorable for providing, promoting soil nutrition, on the other hand, the crushed cotton straws are uniformly dispersed in the soil, so that the soil is fluffier and is favorable for ventilation, and the cotton straws after the last crop of harvesting can be adopted.
After deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil, sowing alfalfa forage grass by a wheat precision sowing machine for 11 months 10, mowing forage grass for 5 months 10 in the second year, and harvesting by a tedder, a rake and a bundling machine.
(3) The method for planting short-season cotton in the number of 5 months and 16 years concretely comprises the steps of adopting a hill planter or a drill planter to collect stubble and directly seeding without film, directly irrigating if the soil moisture content is not good, carrying out intertillage by using an intertillage shovel after the short-season cotton is sowed and seedlings emerge, planting at equal row spacing and suitable for crown control and root strengthening, carrying out fertilization during the short-season cotton period, wherein the fertilization method comprises the following steps: before sowing, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to soil, wherein the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu; applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the cotton growing period, wherein the application amount is 18 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 2:1:0.8; in the cotton setting period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the application amount of 16 kg/mu, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 3:2:0.7; the cotton stalks should be returned to the field immediately and sprayed with the decomposing agent or pulled out by the machine after the cotton is picked by the cotton picker and the cotton No. 25 cotton is picked in the 10 month of the next year.
The crop obtained in example 1 and example 2 was counted in terms of yield and soil salinity before and after planting each year, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 data on the effect of improving yield and saline-alkali soil in crops obtained each year in example 1 and example 2
| Project | Example 1 | Example 2 |
| Cotton yield kg/mu | 232 | 218 |
| Forage grass yield ton/mu | 4.3 | 6.1 |
| Soil pH (decrease) | 0.68 | 0.55 |
| Salt content (decrease) | 2.11‰ | 1.92‰ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the cotton and forage grass yield per year of the invention is excellent, and the crop rotation method provided by the invention has the effect of improving the pH and salt content of the saline-alkali soil.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The grass cotton rotation planting method for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cotton varieties adopt short-season cotton with a cultivation period less than 105 days, and grass varieties select forage grass;
(2) Deep ploughing in saline-alkali soil, planting forage grass in the first ten days of 11 months, and mowing and harvesting in the first ten days of 5 months of the second year;
(3) The cotton is planted in the next 5 th and 10 th days without film.
2. The method for crop rotation planting of grass cotton in saline and alkaline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the index of cotton fiber in short season is that the fiber length is not less than 30mm, the breaking strength is 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is not more than 4.6.
3. The method of rotation planting grass and cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the forage grass is at least one of triticale and alfalfa.
4. The method for crop rotation planting of grass and cotton in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), large water irrigation salt washing is performed before deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil, organic matters are applied after deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil, and the organic matters are crushed cotton stalks.
5. The saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a wheat precision planter or a broad-width precision planter is adopted for sowing forage grass, and a tedder, a rake and a bundling machine are adopted for harvesting after forage grass mowing.
6. The saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the short-season cotton planting is performed by adopting a hill planter or a drill to plant the grass cotton in a mode of no film direct seeding, and if the soil moisture content is not good, the grass cotton is directly irrigated.
7. The method for crop rotation planting of grass and cotton in saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the short-season cotton is planted, after the seedling emergence, the cultivation is carried out by using a cultivation shovel, the defoliating agent is sprayed at the time of harvesting, then the cotton is picked by using a cotton picker, and the cotton straw is returned to the field mechanically immediately and the rotting agent is sprayed or pulled out mechanically.
8. The saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), short-season cotton is planted at equal row spacing and is controlled to form crowns and strong roots at proper time.
9. The saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), fertilization is performed during a period of film-free planting of short-season cotton, and the fertilization method is as follows:
before sowing, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to soil, wherein the fertilizing amount is 50-80 kg/mu;
applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the cotton growing period, wherein the application amount is 18 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 2:1:0.8;
in the cotton setting period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the application amount of 16 kg/mu, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 3:2:0.7.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311506337.5A CN117378448A (en) | 2023-11-13 | 2023-11-13 | Saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311506337.5A CN117378448A (en) | 2023-11-13 | 2023-11-13 | Saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method |
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| CN117378448A true CN117378448A (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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| CN202311506337.5A Pending CN117378448A (en) | 2023-11-13 | 2023-11-13 | Saline-alkali soil grass cotton rotation planting method |
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- 2023-11-13 CN CN202311506337.5A patent/CN117378448A/en active Pending
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