CN113966698B - Method for accelerating recovery of leymus chinensis vegetation in abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay - Google Patents
Method for accelerating recovery of leymus chinensis vegetation in abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay Download PDFInfo
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- CN113966698B CN113966698B CN202111233050.0A CN202111233050A CN113966698B CN 113966698 B CN113966698 B CN 113966698B CN 202111233050 A CN202111233050 A CN 202111233050A CN 113966698 B CN113966698 B CN 113966698B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
A method for accelerating the recovery of Chinese wildrye vegetation in abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay, which relates to a method for quickly recovering the grassland vegetation in the abandoned farmland. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the abandoned and returned process of the reclaimed grassland is slow, and the ecological benefit of the reclaimed grassland is low. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out light harrowing operation on the abandoned farmland, and then reseeding the leymus chinensis seeds, wherein the quantity of the reseeding seeds is 20 kg/hectare; uniformly covering the surface of the Chinese wild rye with the harvested future-year-round withered yellow grass, wherein the addition amount of the air-dried grass is 300g/m 2 (ii) a After the hay is coated, the hay is stretched by a fine line rope at intervals of 30cm to prevent the hay from being blown away by wind; the mow management is not carried out in the current year of the reseeding of the leymus chinensis, and the normal mow management can be carried out in the next year of the reseeding. The method can build stable leymus chinensis vegetation 6 years ahead of natural restoration and harvest and utilize the leymus chinensis by reseeding leymus chinensis and applying air-dried hay, quickens the restoration process of returning back cultivated plants, and can increase the economic income of forage by 9000 yuan/hectare in the same period. The invention belongs to the field of vegetation restoration in abandoned farmland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapidly recovering grassland vegetation in abandoned farmland.
Background
The tender plain leymus chinensis meadow is an important component of meadow in northern China, contains abundant plant diversity and plays an important role in maintaining regional animal husbandry development and ecological balance. Over grazing, reclamation and the like have resulted in severe deterioration of sheep meadows driven by ever increasing livestock production and food demand over the last half century. In the tender plain sheep meadow in the farming and pasturing staggered area, reclamation plays a leading role in the degradation of the meadow. The reclamation thoroughly destroys the grassland vegetation, removes the surface litter and the nutrient return thereof, changes the surface microclimate, and aggravates the decomposition of soil organic matters and the loss of nutrients. After the grass is reclaimed for many years, the soil quality is seriously reduced, the crop is low in yield and low in efficiency, and the recovery and the treatment are urgently needed.
In recent years, under the promotion of national and regional ecological protection policies and grain-to-feed policies, returned tillers have been paid more attention by grassland managers and scientific researchers, and become a main governing mode for retreating grasslands for long-term reclamation. However, natural recovery by abandoning the lawn is very slow without manual intervention such as reseeding. On one hand, after the grassland is abandoned, a large number of annual farmland weeds occupy vegetation and a soil seed bank for a long time, the number of naturally diffused seeds of grassland plants is limited, and the recovery speed of the grassland is limited by the limit of the number of propagules such as seeds in the soil; secondly, germination of the seeds of the grassland plants and establishment of seedlings also present difficulties in strong competition for rapidly growing annual farmland weeds.
Reseeding is an important measure for restoring grasslands, and a great deal of research and practice has been carried out on restoring deteriorated grasslands by reseeding seeds. However, research and practice has shown that the effect of reseeding to restore grass is greatly influenced by the vegetation status of grass. In the induced deteriorated grassland of grazing, mowing and the like, the vegetation is sparse and short, the empty window of the ecological position is large, the seed germination and the seedling growth after the reseeding face less competitive pressure, and the survival and the planting are easy to realize. In the abandoned grassland, the annual field has high weed density, high growth rate and strong seed reproduction capacity, and forms serious and long-term competition threat to the perennial grassland plants after reseeding, so that the process of abandoning and returning the weeds in the reclaimed grassland is slow, the ecological benefit of the deteriorated grassland is small, and the reseeding effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the abandoned and returned processes of reclaimed grasslands are slow and the ecological benefits of the reclaimed grasslands are small, and provides a method for reseeding and applying hay to accelerate the vegetation recovery of the abandoned farmlands.
The method for accelerating the recovery of the leymus chinensis vegetation in the abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay comprises the following steps:
1. selecting abandoned farmland;
2. at the beginning of 5 months, carrying out light harrowing operation on the abandoned farmland, and then reseeding leymus chinensis seeds, wherein the quantity of reseeding seeds is 20 kg/hectare;
3. after the seeds of the leymus chinensis are additionally sown, the surface of the leymus chinensis is uniformly covered with the harvested first-year withered grass in the leymus chinensis field, and the adding amount of the air-dried grass is 300g/m 2 ；
4. After the hay is coated, the hay is stretched by a fine line rope at intervals of 30cm to prevent the hay from being blown away by wind;
5. the mow management is not carried out in the current year of the reseeding of the leymus chinensis, and the normal mow management can be carried out in the next year of the reseeding.
The invention accelerates the vegetation recovery of the abandoned farmland by a method of combining the reseeding with the hay applying. Through the reseeding of the leymus chinensis seeds, the seed bank of typical grassland plants in soil is enriched, and the recovery of the seed source of perennial grassland by abandoning the farmland is ensured. By applying hay on the ground surface, on one hand, soil moisture evapotranspiration is reduced, and soil moisture conditions during germination and seedling emergence of the leymus chinensis are improved; on one hand, the emergence of a plurality of dicotyledonous farmland weeds and the extension of stems and leaves are hindered, but the seedlings of the Chinese wildrye which come out of the soil are in a needle-shaped form and are slightly influenced by ground surface covering, so that the competitive stress of the Chinese wildrye after emergence is reduced by the covering of hay; finally, the hay layer formed by applying the hay further prevents seeds bearing the seeds of the farmland weeds in the current year from entering a soil seed bank, so that the farmland weeds are rotten or lose germination opportunities after being eaten by animals (as shown in figure 1), further controls the growth of the follow-up farmland weeds, and indirectly promotes the recovery of grassland vegetation.
The method of the invention is mainly characterized in that: quick effect, easy operation and popularization, and remarkable economic and ecological benefits.
The effect is quick:
under the condition of not using the invention, 8-10 years are needed for abandoning the ploughing field to restore the Chinese wildrye vegetation naturally, and the stable Chinese wildrye vegetation can be built and mown for the next year by using the invention.
Easy operation and popularization:
the technology of the invention has no special mechanical equipment requirement, the grassland follows a normal management procedure after the technology is implemented, and no special maintenance is needed; the technology of the invention is simple to operate, easy to learn and capable of being popularized and applied in a large range;
the benefits are remarkable:
compared with abandoned farmland natural restoration, the method of the invention only needs one-time more 20kg of seeds per hectare, and the amount is 600 yuan; the light rake works for 300 yuan (including fuel oil); seeding labor cost is 50 yuan; 2400 yuan hay; the total cost per hectare is only 3350 yuan. After the technology is implemented, the forage grass can be harvested at least 6 years earlier than natural recovery, the forage grass is harvested according to 2 tons/hectare per year on average, the forage grass income can be increased by 800 yuan/ton × 2 tons/hectare/year × 6 years =9600 yuan/hectare per 6 years, and the economic benefit is obvious compared with the input and output; in addition, the rapid recovery of perennial grasslands is beneficial to water and soil fixation and soil fertility improvement by improving ground surface coverage, increasing root growth accumulation and the like, and has ecological benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a bed of hay covering to block weed seeds from entering a soil seed bank.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for reseeding and applying hay to accelerate recovery of the leymus chinensis vegetation in the abandoned farmland comprises the following steps:
1. selecting abandoned farmland;
2. at the beginning of 5 months, carrying out light harrowing operation on the abandoned farmland, and then reseeding leymus chinensis seeds, wherein the quantity of reseeding seeds is 20 kg/hectare;
3. after the seeds of the leymus chinensis are additionally sown, the surface of the leymus chinensis is uniformly covered with the harvested first-year withered grass in the leymus chinensis field, and the adding amount of the air-dried grass is 300g/m 2 ；
4. After the hay is coated, the hay is stretched by a fine line rope at intervals of 30cm to prevent the hay from being blown away by wind;
5. the mow management is not carried out in the current year of the reseeding of the leymus chinensis, and the normal mow management can be carried out in the next year of the reseeding.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the abandoned farmland is abandoned tillage leisure land of a sheep meadow after many years of reclamation and degradation. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first or second embodiment is that the reseeding in the second step is performed by mechanical sowing, and then the soil is slightly pressed by a roller. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
the method for recovering the leymus chinensis vegetation by abandoning the farmland comprises the following steps:
1. selecting abandoned farmland;
2. in 5 months in 2010, lightly harrowing is carried out on the abandoned farmland, and then the leymus chinensis seeds are sowed in a supplementing mode, wherein the number of the sowed seeds is 20 kg/hectare.
Step one, the abandoned farmland is abandoned tillage fallow land after the leymus chinensis meadow is reclaimed and degraded for many years.
And step two, the reseeding is carried out in a mechanical broadcasting mode, and a roller is used for slightly pressing after the reseeding.
The experiment requires 8-10 years for abandoning the ploughed land to restore the Chinese wildrye vegetation naturally.
Experiment two:
the method for accelerating the recovery of the leymus chinensis vegetation in abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay comprises the following steps:
1. selecting abandoned farmland;
2. in the beginning of 5 months in 2010, carrying out light harrowing operation on the abandoned farmland, and then additionally sowing leymus chinensis seeds, wherein the number of the additionally sowed seeds is 20 kg/hectare;
3. after the seeds of the leymus chinensis are additionally sown, the surface of the leymus chinensis is uniformly covered with the harvested first-year withered grass in the leymus chinensis field, and the adding amount of the air-dried grass is 300g/m 2 ；
4. After the hay is coated, the hay is stretched by a fine rope at intervals of 30cm to prevent the hay from being blown away by wind;
5. and (4) the mow management is not carried out in the current year of the reseeding of the leymus chinensis, and the normal mow management can be carried out in the next year of the reseeding.
Step one, the abandoned farmland is abandoned tillage fallow land after the leymus chinensis meadow is reclaimed and degraded for many years.
And step two, the reseeding is carried out in a mechanical broadcasting mode, and a roller is used for slightly pressing after the reseeding.
Compared with abandoned farmland natural restoration (experiment one), the method only needs to invest 20kg of seeds once per hectare, and the amount is 600 yuan; the light rake works for 300 yuan (including fuel oil); seeding labor cost is 50 yuan; 2400 yuan hay; the total cost per hectare is only 3350 yuan. After the technology is implemented, the forage grass can be harvested at least 6 years earlier than natural recovery, the forage grass is harvested according to 2 tons/hectare per year on average, the forage grass income can be increased by 800 yuan/ton × 2 tons/hectare/year × 6 years =9600 yuan/hectare per 6 years, and the economic benefit is obvious compared with the input and output; in addition, the rapid recovery of perennial grasslands is beneficial to water and soil fixation and soil fertilization by improving the ground surface coverage, increasing the root growth accumulation and the like, and has ecological benefits.
The invention accelerates the vegetation recovery of the abandoned farmland by a method combining reseeding and hay application. Through the reseeding of the leymus chinensis seeds, the seed bank of typical grassland plants in soil is enriched, and the recovery of the seed source of perennial grassland by abandoning the farmland is guaranteed. By applying hay on the ground surface, on one hand, soil moisture evapotranspiration is reduced, and soil moisture conditions during germination and seedling emergence of the leymus chinensis are improved; on one hand, the emergence of a plurality of dicotyledonous farmland weeds and the extension of stems and leaves are hindered, but the seedlings of the Chinese wildrye which come out of the soil are in a needle-shaped form and are slightly influenced by ground surface coverings, so that the competitive stress of the Chinese wildrye after emergence is reduced by the covering of hay; finally, the hay layer formed by applying the hay further prevents seeds bearing the seeds of the farmland weeds in the current year from entering a soil seed bank, so that the farmland weeds are rotten or lose germination opportunities after being eaten by animals (as shown in figure 1), further controls the growth of the follow-up farmland weeds, and indirectly promotes the recovery of grassland vegetation.
Claims (3)
1. The method for the accelerated recovery of the leymus chinensis vegetation in the abandoned land by reseeding and applying the hay is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1. selecting abandoned farmland;
2. at the beginning of 5 months, carrying out light harrowing operation on the abandoned farmland, and then reseeding leymus chinensis seeds, wherein the quantity of reseeding seeds is 20 kg/hectare;
3. after the seeds of the leymus chinensis are additionally sown, the surface of the leymus chinensis is uniformly covered with the harvested first-year withered grass in the leymus chinensis field, and the adding amount of the air-dried grass is 300g/m 2 ；
4. After the hay is coated, the hay is stretched by a fine rope at intervals of 30cm to prevent the hay from being blown away by wind;
5. the mow management is not carried out in the current year of the reseeding of the leymus chinensis, and the normal mow management can be carried out in the next year of the reseeding.
2. The method for accelerating the recovery of leymus chinensis vegetation in the abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay according to claim 1, characterized in that the abandoned farmland of the step one is a abandoned tillage fallow land of a leymus chinensis meadow after many years of reclamation and degradation.
3. The method for accelerating the recovery of the vegetation of the leymus chinensis in the abandoned farmland by reseeding and applying hay according to claim 1, characterized in that the reseeding in the second step is carried out in a mechanical sowing mode, and a roller is used for slightly pressing after sowing.
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| JP2013146260A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-08-01 | Takeo Kawarai | Practical biomass cultivation |
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| CN106879361A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-06-23 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method of Degraded Leymus chinense Grassland after-culture clover |
| CN109601278A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-12 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Middle severe Chinese wild rye direct seeding method on saline-alkali land |
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