CN116584322A - No-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice - Google Patents
No-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN116584322A CN116584322A CN202310520686.6A CN202310520686A CN116584322A CN 116584322 A CN116584322 A CN 116584322A CN 202310520686 A CN202310520686 A CN 202310520686A CN 116584322 A CN116584322 A CN 116584322A
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- rice
- interplanting
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- stubble
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000192043 Echinochloa Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 fluroxypyr-meptyl acetate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000003779 hair growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The application relates to a no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice, which comprises the following steps: selecting the varieties of the previous rice and the later rice; sowing rice interplanting 15-20 days before harvesting the previous rice; processing the rice interplanting; keeping the soil in the field moist from the time of sowing the later-stubble rice to the time of harvesting the earlier-stubble rice so as to ensure that seeds absorb water from the soil and emerge; most of leaves of current stubble rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle and lower parts of cobs turn yellow, grains become hard, and about 70% of rice stalks in the whole field are dried up and harvested in time; after harvesting the previous rice, feeding water to promote the rice seedlings to root and stand; after the rice seedlings are planted and stand, the rice enters a tillering stage for management. The application not only can play a no-tillage role, but also can solve the problems of soil hardening, more diseases and insect pests and the like, and improves the yield and quality of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice.
Background
The rice is the crop with the largest planting area in the south of China, the existing rice cutting and cultivating method mainly comprises soil turning, seedling transplanting or direct seeding, and has the advantages of high labor intensity, high production cost, low economic benefit, low land utilization rate, full space utilization during interplanting, capability of prolonging the growing season, capability of improving the multiple cropping index and improving the total annual output in the production process.
The no-tillage cultivation is widely applied to a plurality of crops in the world, the no-tillage cultivation has the characteristics of relieving labor intensity, saving water resources and the like, the no-tillage direct seeding cultivation technology is the further development of the no-tillage technology and the direct seeding technology, and has the obvious characteristics of labor saving, cost saving, synergy and the like; researches show that the soil layer is not disturbed by less tillage and no tillage of the rice field, the undisturbed steady state structure of the soil body is maintained, the capability of resisting bad environment, stabilizing and coordinating soil fertility is increased, and the soil conditioner has important effects of promoting early-onset and stable growth of crops.
The traditional rice planting method needs to carry out a large amount of soil cultivation, turning cultivation and other works, has high labor intensity and is easy to cause soil moisture loss and release of harmful substances. With the continuous development of agricultural technology, no-tillage cultivation technology is widely applied to paddy rice planting. However, the conventional no-tillage cultivation method has the problems of soil hardening, more diseases and insect pests and the like, and is not beneficial to improving the yield and the quality.
The present application has been made in view of this.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice, which not only can play a no-tillage role, but also can solve the problems of soil hardening, more diseases and insect pests and the like, and improves the yield and quality of rice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that:
a no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice, the cultivation method comprising the steps of:
selecting the varieties of the previous rice and the later rice;
sowing rice interplanting 15-20 days before harvesting the previous rice;
processing the rice interplanting;
keeping the soil in the field moist from the time of sowing the later-stubble rice to the time of harvesting the earlier-stubble rice so as to ensure that seeds absorb water from the soil and emerge;
most of leaves of current stubble rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle and lower parts of cobs turn yellow, grains become hard, 65-75% of rice stalks in the whole field are dried up, and harvesting is carried out in time;
after harvesting the previous rice, feeding water to promote the rice seedlings to root and stand;
after the rice seedlings are planted and stand, the rice enters a tillering stage for management.
In a preferred embodiment of any of the above aspects, the previous rice is an early rice variety having a full growth period of 10 to 15 days.
In a preferred embodiment of any of the above aspects, the succeeding rice is a cultivar having a full growth period of 15 to 25 days.
In a preferred embodiment of any of the above aspects, the rice symbiotic period is 15 to 20 days.
In a preferred embodiment of any of the above aspects, when the rice interplanting is treated, the rice interplanting is in sunny weather before sowing and is sunned for 2-3 hours.
In the preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, 15-20 cm of rice stubble is left during harvesting, after harvesting, the rice straw is picked up to two sides by using iron forks and uniformly covered on the field surface, and after harvesting, the seedling stage management stage is carried out.
In a preferred embodiment of any of the above aspects, the tillering stage management includes fertilizer water management, weeding, jointing stage management, fruiting stage management, and harvesting.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects.
Most of leaves of current stubble rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle lower part of a cob turns yellow, grains become hard, about 70% of rice stems of the whole field are dried, harvesting is performed in time, after the previous stubble rice is harvested, water is supplied, rice seedlings are promoted to root and stand, and after the rice seedlings are rooted and stand, the rice enters tillering stage management, so that the no-tillage effect can be achieved, the problems of soil hardening, multiple diseases and insect pests and the like can be solved, and the yield and quality of the rice are improved.
The following describes the embodiments of the present application in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. Some specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings denote the same or similar parts or portions, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a no-tillage cultivation method of rice interplanting according to the present application.
It should be noted that these drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the inventive concept to those skilled in the art by referring to the specific embodiments, the elements of which are schematically represented and not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the following description will make clear and complete descriptions of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
The following examples of the present application illustrate the present application in detail by taking a no-tillage cultivation method of interplanting rice with rice as an example, but the examples should not limit the scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice, comprising the steps of:
step 11, selecting a previous rice variety and a next rice variety, wherein the previous rice variety is an early rice variety about 110 days in the whole growth period, and the next rice variety is a variety 120 days in the whole growth period;
step 12, sowing rice interplanting 15-20 days before harvesting of the previous rice, wherein the rice symbiotic period is 15-20 days;
step 13, the rice interplanting is processed, and the rice is sunny before sowing and is sunned for 2 to 3 hours;
step 14, keeping the soil in the field moist from the time of sowing the later-stubble rice to the time of harvesting the earlier-stubble rice so as to ensure that seeds absorb water from the soil and emerge;
step 15, most of leaves of the current stubble rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle and lower parts of the cobs turn yellow, grains become hard, 70% of rice stalks in the whole field are dried up, and harvesting is carried out in time;
step 16, after harvesting the previous stubble rice, feeding water to promote the rice seedlings to root and stand, when harvesting, reserving 15-20 cm of rice stubble, after harvesting, using iron forks to pick up the rice straw to two sides, uniformly covering the rice straw on the field surface, and after harvesting the previous stubble, entering a seedling stage management stage;
and 17, after the rice seedlings are planted and stand, the rice enters tillering stage management, wherein the tillering stage management comprises fertilizer and water management, weeding, jointing stage management, setting stage management and harvesting.
In the embodiment of the application, the method comprises the specific steps of selecting the rice varieties of the previous stubble and the later stubble, sowing rice for interplanting, processing rice interplanting, keeping the soil in the field moist, harvesting the previous stubble in time, taking root and standing seedlings, managing the tillering stage and the like, and the measures comprise: selecting rice with different growing periods for planting, and avoiding the operations of secondary land reclamation, turning over and the like which affect the soil quality; harvesting the previous stubble rice in time, keeping the field soil moist, reducing fertilizer and moisture required by the growth of the next stubble rice, and improving the yield and quality of crops; after harvesting, the residual rice straw is uniformly covered on the field surface, so that the evaporation of water can be effectively reduced, organic substances can be cultivated, and the fertility of soil can be improved. The rice interplanting rice no-tillage cultivation method has the beneficial effects that: the labor cost is saved, heavy manual labor operations such as turning over and transplanting are avoided in the traditional planting method, the labor efficiency of farmlands is improved, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is effectively reduced, the pollution of agriculture to the environment is reduced, and the ecological quality of soil is improved; after harvesting, the rice straw is covered on the field surface, so that the evaporation of water can be effectively reduced, the field humidity is kept, and the rice growth is facilitated. Therefore, the rice-in-rice no-tillage cultivation method has the advantages of saving cost, being environment-friendly, improving yield and quality and the like.
The method is characterized in that the previous rice is selected from early rice varieties with the whole growth period of about 110 days, difficult grain falling, strong stress resistance and early growth and quick hair growth, such as Zhongjia early 17, two excellent 287 and the like; the rice of the later stubble selects the varieties with about 120 days of full growth period, strong direct seeding resistance, strong rooting capacity, water saving and drought resistance, such as the varieties of water saving and drought resistance rice of 73 percent of drought, 116 percent of drought, and the like; the germination rate is not lower than 87%, the purity is not lower than 96%, and the water content is not higher than 13%. The arrangement of interplanting time is the key of influencing the seedling rate in the no-tillage cultivation technology of rice interplanting, and the seedling rate can be influenced too early and too late. The middle and downstream double-cropping rice area in Yangtze river and the south China double-cropping rice area are generally selected to be sown at the beginning of 6 months to 7 months, and the rice symbiotic period is mastered to be 15 to 20 days, namely 15 to 20 days before harvesting of previous rice is suitable.
The seed treatment of the rice interplanting rice no-tillage cultivation technology is different from that of other rice crops, sunny weather is selected before sowing, the seeds are sunned for 2-3 hours, and the seeds can be sowed after spreading to be thin and turning over on duty, so that links such as seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, seedling transportation, seedling transplanting and the like are omitted. Management during interplanting is that after sowing of the later-stubble rice and before harvesting of the earlier-stubble rice, the soil in the field is kept moist, and seeds can absorb sufficient moisture from the soil and safely emerge.
It is to be noted that most of the leaves of the current rice plants are turned from green to yellow, the middle and lower parts of the cobs are turned to yellow, the grains are all hardened, about 70% of the rice stalks in the whole field are dried up, and the current rice plants are harvested on a sunny day in time. When the mechanical operation is carried out, the harvester is prevented from rolling back and forth in the field as much as possible, and mechanical damage to seedlings is prevented. When harvesting, about 15-20 cm of rice stubble is required to be left. The crushed wheat straw is returned to the field. In order to prevent the rice straw from accumulating to affect the emergence of seeds, after harvesting, the rice straw is picked up to two sides by using iron forks and uniformly covered on the field surface, and after the previous harvesting is finished, the seedling stage management stage is started.
It should be noted that, in the period of rice and rice symbiotic period, after harvesting, water should be fed in time and horse race water should be fed in once to promote rice seedlings to further root and stand so as to achieve safe seedling alignment. In the 3-leaf period, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once in time to promote the seedling to be strong and tillered, and the urea is applied for 5 kg-10 kg per mu of land; the weeding of rice is the key to obtain high yield, generally, in the 3-4 leaf period of seedlings, 60 ml of 20% fluroxypyr-meptyl acetate emulsion is added with Han Qiuhao ml of water and 60 kg of spray is added into each mu, and the rice enters the tillering period along with the gradual growth of the seedlings.
The management of the tillering stage comprises fertilizer and water management, weeding, jointing stage management, fruiting stage management and timely harvesting; the fertilizer water management is to timely apply fertilizer, and 20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied in the general evening due to the fact that the soil has no water layer; the weeding is carried out in a tillering period which is a peak period when barnyard grass occurs, barnyard grass can be effectively inhibited and prevented and removed by adopting stem and leaf treatment, each mu of barnyard grass is sprayed by adding Han Qiuhao to each mu of barnyard grass, and 60 kg of water is added; the management of the long spike period is that the long spike period is sensitive to moisture, and the 'horse race water' is irrigated once under the allowable condition of irrigation conditions; the setting period is managed to be generally 25-50 d, and the period is only required to pay attention to the fact that large-scale plant diseases and insect pests do not occur; the pest control is to perform pest control according to pest information of local plant protection departments; the timely harvest is that when most of the leaves of the rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle and lower parts of the cobs turn yellow, grains are all hardened, about 70% of the rice stalks in the whole field are dried up, and the rice stalks are harvested on a sunny day in time.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (7)
1. A no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting the varieties of the previous rice and the later rice;
sowing rice interplanting 15-20 days before harvesting the previous rice;
processing the rice interplanting;
keeping the soil in the field moist from the time of sowing the later-stubble rice to the time of harvesting the earlier-stubble rice so as to ensure that seeds absorb water from the soil and emerge;
most of leaves of current stubble rice plants turn yellow from green, the middle and lower parts of cobs turn yellow, grains become hard, 65-75% of rice stalks in the whole field are dried up, and harvesting is carried out in time;
after harvesting the previous rice, feeding water to promote the rice seedlings to root and stand;
after the rice seedlings are planted and stand, the rice enters a tillering stage for management.
2. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice according to claim 1, wherein said previous rice is an early rice variety in the whole growth period of 10 to 15 days.
3. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice of claim 2 wherein said succeeding crop of rice is a variety of 15 to 25 days of full growth period.
4. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice according to claim 3, wherein the symbiotic period of rice is 15-20 days.
5. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice according to claim 4, wherein when said interplanting rice is treated, a sunny day is used before sowing, and sun-drying is performed for 2 to 3 hours.
6. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice in accordance with claim 5, wherein 15-20 cm stubble is left during harvesting, after harvesting, the stalks are picked up to two sides by the iron fork and evenly covered on the field surface, and after harvesting, the seedling stage management stage is entered.
7. The no-tillage cultivation method for interplanted rice of claim 6, wherein tillering stage management comprises fertilizer and water management, weeding, jointing stage management, fruiting stage management, and harvesting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310520686.6A CN116584322A (en) | 2023-05-10 | 2023-05-10 | No-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310520686.6A CN116584322A (en) | 2023-05-10 | 2023-05-10 | No-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice |
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| CN202310520686.6A Pending CN116584322A (en) | 2023-05-10 | 2023-05-10 | No-tillage cultivation method for interplanting rice |
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- 2023-05-10 CN CN202310520686.6A patent/CN116584322A/en active Pending
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