CN1173510A - 喷涂的热塑性涂层中微泡的减少方法 - Google Patents
喷涂的热塑性涂层中微泡的减少方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种使喷涂的透明涂层中的微泡量减少的方法。还要求了在喷涂时产生减少量的微泡的涂料组合物。
Description
本发明涉及喷涂的透明涂层中微泡的减少方法。
用喷涂法将热塑性乳液聚合物组合物涂覆到底材上之后,这些组合物常含有微泡。微泡是干膜中充满气体的基本球形的夹杂物,其半径一般为10-20微米。一般在将组合物喷涂到底材上之后,在聚合组合物中发现这些气体夹杂物。在透明的或基本未着色的涂层或涂膜中尤其不希望有微泡,因为微泡导致混浊或不透明。留在干膜中的微泡有损于膜的外观,尤其有损于透明的或未着色涂膜的外观。
一些专利已经公开了改进干涂层质量的方法。美国专利US3,033,811公开了一种用热固性混合物涂覆底材的方法。这种热固性混合物的一种成分是水不溶性共聚物的水分散体。该水分散体通过渗析、离子交换树脂或固体的沉淀而去离子化。所得涂膜通过在250 °F和350°F之间加热而干燥。这项发明改进了粘附力、硬度、韧性、耐磨性和耐水性。
美国专利5,334,655公开了一种减少喷涂的透明水性聚合组合物中微泡的方法。需要某些凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)分子量小于75,000的乳液聚合的加聚物或者某些GPC分子量小于200,000的多级乳液聚合的加聚物以产生使喷涂的透明水性聚合组合物中微泡减少的组合物。
尽管有这些公开内容,仍然继续需要提供改进的减少喷涂的涂层中微泡的方法。
本发明的第一个方面提供了一种减少热塑性干燥透明涂层中微泡的方法,该方法包括:
a)提供一种Tg为-20℃至150℃的热塑性乳液聚合物;
b)将该热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率降至小于4.50毫姆欧/厘米(mMhos/cm);
c)将该热塑性乳液聚合物或涂料组合物喷涂到底材上;以及
d)干燥该热塑性乳液聚合物或涂料组合物。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种适于形成具有减少微泡的热塑性干燥透明涂层的组合物,该组合物包含电导率小于4.50mMhos/cm的热塑性乳液聚合物。
本文的热塑性乳液聚合物被规定为含有一种乳液聚合的水不溶性加聚物的组合物,所述加聚物用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为-20摄氏度(℃)至150℃。优选的是玻璃化转变温度为-10℃至120℃的乳液聚合的聚合物。更优选的是玻璃化转变温度为0℃至90℃的热塑性乳液聚合物。
热塑性乳液聚合物可以通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体的加聚而制成,所述烯属不饱和单体例如包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和丙烯酸羟丙酯在内的丙烯酸酯单体;丙烯酰胺或被取代的丙烯酰胺;苯乙烯或被取代的苯乙烯;丁二烯;醋酸乙烯酯或其它乙烯基酯;乙烯基单体如氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮;以及丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈。可以使用少量共聚的烯属不饱和酸单体,例如占乳液聚合的聚合物重量的0.1%-7%,所述烯属不饱和酸单体如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、甲基丙烯酸二氧磷基乙酯、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸、乙烯基磺酸钠、衣康酸、富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸单甲酯、富马酸单甲酯、富马酸单丁酯和马来酐。优选的是丙烯酸聚合物或丙烯酸与苯乙烯的共聚物。优选的丙烯酸与苯乙烯的共聚物含有占聚合物总重量10%-90%的苯乙烯。这种聚合物可以是单步或多步聚合物。这种聚合物的GPC分子量为75,000至5,000,000。
热塑性乳液聚合物可以含有交联剂如聚氮丙啶、多异氰酸酯、聚碳化二亚胺、聚环氧化物、聚氨基塑料、聚烷氧基硅烷、聚噁唑烷、聚胺和多价金属化合物,条件是这些交联剂不阻止成膜。以聚合物固体重量计,一般使用0.05%至30%(重量)的交联剂。
热塑性乳液聚合物可以与其它聚合物混合,所述的其它聚合物如聚氨酯、聚酯、丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物或其它聚合物。
制备单步乳液聚合物的乳液聚合工艺是本领域公知的。例如参见美国专利US5,346,954。多步聚合物是本领域公知的,并且公开于如美国专利4,325,856、4,654,397和4,814,373中。该聚合反应中可以使用表面活性剂如阴离子型和/或非离子型乳化剂如碱或烷基硫酸铵,烷基磺酸,脂肪酸和氧乙基化烷基酚。以单体总重量计,表面活性剂的用量通常为0.1-6%(重量)。可以采用热引发法或氧化还原引发法。可以使用常规的自由基引发剂如过氧化氢、叔丁基氢过氧化物、铵及碱金属过硫酸盐,以单体总重量计,其量一般为0.05-3%(重量)。可以以相似的量使用由上述引发剂与合适的还原剂(例如异抗坏血酸和亚硫酸氢钠)结合的氧化还原体系。
热塑性乳液聚合物的固含量为20%-70%(重量)。热塑性乳液聚合物的粘度为50至10,000厘泊(cps),例如用布鲁克菲尔德粘度计(LVT,以12转/分使用#3转子)测量;适合于不同喷涂方法的粘度显著不同。
热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率可以通过全过滤(diafiltration)、渗析、超滤或通过使热塑性乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触而降低。降低热塑性乳液聚合物电导率的优选方法是首先通过全过滤降低电导率,然后通过超滤进一步降低电导率。采用全过滤继而超滤具有增加乳液固体物的附带优点。
超滤法是本领域公知的,例如参见美国专利US4,397,969。超滤采用与全过滤相同的体系,但是在过滤期间不加入去离子水来补充损失的水。在全过滤方法中,加入去离子水是为了稀释乳液聚合物并在过滤过程中补充损失的水。
通过使离子交换树脂与热塑性乳液聚合物接触可以降低乳液聚合物的电导率。一般,阳离子交换树脂和阴离子交换树脂都将与热塑性乳液聚合物接触。离子交换树脂典型地为具有下述官能团的交联的苯乙烯聚合物,所述官能团如氨磺酰、三烷氨基、四烷基铵、羧基、羧酸酯、磺酸、磺酸酯、羟烷基铵、亚氨基二乙酸酯、氧化胺、磷酸酯和其它本领域公知的官能团。离子交换树脂的制备是本领域公知的,例如参见美国专利US4,283,499。离子交换树脂可以留在热塑性乳液聚合物中或通过常规工艺(例如通过干酪包布过滤)除去。通过使热塑性乳液聚合物样品穿过离子交换树脂柱也可以降低其电导率。该柱可以含有阴离子交换树脂与阳离子交换树脂的混合物,或者也可以是一个含有阴离子交换树脂、另一个含有阳离子交换树脂的一系列柱。
在经过全过滤、渗析、超滤或使热塑性乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触后,热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率优选为4.50mMhos/cm至0.1mMhos/cm。更优选的是在经过全过滤、渗析、超滤或使热塑性乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触后,电导率为4.0mMhos/cm至1.0mMhos/cm的热塑性乳液聚合物。最优选的是在经过全过滤、渗析、超滤或使热塑性乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触后,电导率为3.5mMhos/cm至2.0mMhos/cm的热塑性乳液聚合物。如果电导率降得过低,会使热塑性乳液聚合物的粘度显著升高。如果热塑性乳液聚合物的粘度升得过高,会使热塑性乳液聚合物的喷涂变得困难或不能喷涂。
热塑性乳液聚合物可以任选地配入涂料组合物中。理论上,该涂料组合物不含有引起干燥涂层显著不透明的成分。为了使干燥涂层保持不透明,喷涂的干膜厚度一般为5-250微米(μm)。该干燥涂层可以作为单涂层使用,或者作为涂覆操作之间具有干燥过程的多涂层使用。热塑性乳液聚合物涂料组合物除了含有乳液聚合的热塑性聚合物以外,还可以含有常规成分如乳化剂、基本透明的颜料和填料、分散剂、成膜助剂、固化剂、增稠剂、保湿剂、润湿剂、生物杀伤剂、增塑剂、消泡剂、着色剂、蜡和抗氧化剂。可以使用常规成分,条件是它们不能使乳液的电导率升高,该乳液的电导率(基本高于4.50mMhos/cm)已预先通过全过滤、渗析、超滤或使热塑性乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触而降低。
本领域熟练技术人员应当了解到,全过滤、渗析、超滤或与离子交换树脂接触的应用将除去由热塑性乳液聚合物构成涂料组合物所用的成分。因此,非常希望在加入涂料组合物添加剂之前进行全过滤、渗析、超滤或与离子交换树脂接触。然而应该了解到任何上述降低预先配制成的涂料组合物电导率的方法的应用都可以用来减少喷涂的涂料组合物中的微泡量。
常通过喷涂法将热塑性乳液聚合物组合物涂覆到底材上。所用的一些常用喷涂法有诸如空气喷涂、无空气喷涂、空气辅助无空气喷涂、盘式和旋杯式喷涂以及高体积低压喷涂。空气喷涂中,压缩空气是使热塑性乳液聚合物喷雾并帮助将液滴输送到底材上的关键。在无空气喷涂、盘式喷涂和旋杯式喷涂法中,通过机械方法使热塑性乳液聚合物喷雾,并且液滴形成时悬浮在空气中。空气辅助无空气喷涂是上述两种喷涂方法的混合,其中空气被用于输送机械方式形成的液滴,高体积低压喷涂是另一种公认的空气喷涂派生的方法。
喷涂的热塑性乳液聚合物是用喷涂法涂覆到诸如金属、木材和塑料等底材上。热塑性乳液聚合物可以被涂覆到诸如木材、密封木材、用紫外线固化的填料及底漆、密封剂处理过的碎料板、涂漆木材以及预先涂覆的木材这样的木材上;或涂覆到诸如金属、处理过的金属、用电沉积底漆涂覆的金属以及预先涂漆的金属这样的金属上;或涂覆到诸如塑料、塑料“合金”以及增强塑料这样的塑料上(如反应注模法底材)。
涂覆到底材上之后,热塑性乳液聚合物可以在环境条件下干燥或通过常规方法干燥,所述的常规方法例如(但不限于)在100°F-175°F加热、强制空气处理、强制热空气处理以及在远红外烘箱、紫外线烘箱和微波炉中储存。
以下实施例用来说明减少喷涂的聚合组合物中微泡量的方法。用此方法使用以下缩写:g=克,RH=相对湿度,mm=毫米,cm=厘米,mm2=平方毫米,°F=华氏度,psi=磅/平方英寸。
实施例1-用离子交换树脂降低丙烯酸热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率
用NeocrylTMXA-6051丙烯酸热塑性乳液聚合物(Zeneca树脂)制成7个样品。制成的前3个样品用来测定离子交换树脂浓度对乳液的电导率的效果和对喷涂的热塑性乳液聚合物中微泡的改善效果。
样品1-将300g NeocrylTMXA-6051丙烯酸乳液和6.3gAmberlite TM IRN 150(Rohm and Haas公司)加入一容器中。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌30分钟。30分钟后,通过用干酪包布过滤从液滴中分离乳液。
样品2-将300g NeocrylTMXA-6051丙烯酸乳液和12.6gAmberliteTMIRN 150加入一容器中。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌30分钟。30分钟后,通过用干酪包布过滤从液滴中分离乳液。
样品3-将300g NeocrylTMXA-6051丙烯酸乳液和25.2gAmberliteTMIRN150加入一容器中。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌30分钟。30分钟后,通过用干酪包布过滤从液滴中分离乳液。
实施例2-采用全过滤和超滤降低丙烯酸热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率
用全过滤法处理另外4个NeocrylTM XA-6051样品以降低样品的电导率,从而减少喷涂的涂层中的微泡量。将不同量的碳酸铵加入样品5、6和7中以测定较高的乳液电导率对喷涂的热塑性乳液聚合物中微泡的改善效果。
将2,968g供料的丙烯酸乳液与2,968g去离子水混合制成样品4。用微量过滤装置使该溶液穿过微量过滤膜进行循环。这种微量过滤装置是由Filtron生产的Industrial Maximate。主供料箱是一个5加仑聚丙烯箱。循环泵是由Wildon生产的M-1隔膜泵。过滤管线内水的过滤器安装在泵后。微量过滤膜是一种ω系改性聚醚砜。该膜所断流的分子量约为30,000。该膜的通道尺寸为40密耳。待过滤的溶液通过泵从主供料箱循环到微量过滤膜并返回主供料箱。用一个2.5加仑的聚丙烯坛收集在微量过滤膜另一面产生的渗透物。用一个由液体计量泵公司生产的供料泵向主供料箱中加去离子水从而在过滤期间保持箱中液体的体积。在过滤期间,以与在微量过滤膜另一侧收集到的渗透物的渗透速度相同的速度将11,872g去离子水加入主供料箱中。在加入了11,872g去离子水和收集了11,872g渗透物后,使该溶液在微量过滤装置内循环,直到收集到另外3,618g渗透物。然后将该样品从装置中排空。将另外200g去离子水加入装置中并循环。7分钟后将该样品从装置中排空并与其余样品混合。最终样品的电导率被测出并列在表1中。
将150g样品4与1.97g 20%的碳酸铵水溶液在容器中混合制成样品5。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌5分钟。测量最终样品的电导率并列在表1中。
将150g样品4与0.99g 20%的碳酸铵水溶液在容器中混合制成样品6。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌5分钟。测量最终样品的电导率并列在表1中。
将150g样品4与0.49g 20%的碳酸铵水溶液在容器中混合制成样品7。用普通实验室搅拌器将该样品搅拌5分钟。测量最终样品的电导率并列在表1中。
将NeocrylTM XA-6051丙烯酸热塑性乳液聚合物作为对比例使用。
用Yellow Springs Instrument Co.Inc.(Scientific Division)生产的YSI型32电导仪测量样品1-7和对比例的电导率。该电导仪已用标准KCl溶液(10,000微姆欧/厘米)校准。电导率测量结果列在表1中。
表1
样品 | 电导率(mMhos/cm) |
1 | 4.67 |
2 | 3.21 |
3 | 2.03 |
4 | 2.75 |
5 | 4.74 |
6 | 3.79 |
7 | 3.10 |
对比例 | 6.58 |
实施例3-减小电导率对喷涂涂层中微泡的作用
测试样品1-7和对比例以观察减小电导率对喷涂涂层中微泡的作用。将100g前述样品与含有12份乙二醇单丁醚和1份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯及水的共溶剂混合物混合产生了样品8-14和对比例。按照表2制备样品8-14和对比例。
表2
样品 | 样品 | 共溶剂克数 | 水的克数 |
8 | 1 | 14.1 | 25 |
9 | 2 | 14.0 | 25 |
10 | 3 | 13.8 | 20 |
11 | 4 | 14.1 | 25 |
12 | 5 | 14.1 | 3.4 |
13 | 6 | 16.9 | 35.6 |
14 | 7 | 14.1 | 28.1 |
对比例 | 对比例 | 14.3 | 25 |
用具有EX尖端和#30喷嘴的普通吸入式喷枪(De VilbissMBC)喷涂样品。喷涂样品所用的喷枪压力为45psi。将样品涂覆在木板上。涂覆两层涂层,两次涂覆操作之间有20分钟干燥时间。样品以4密耳(湿)的厚度涂覆,于90°F/25%RH喷涂并干燥。使用70倍放大镜测定最终干膜的气泡密度并计算每平方毫米的汽泡数。结果列于表3中。
表3
样品 | 电导率(mMhos/cm) | 微泡(气泡数/mm2) |
8 | 4.67 | 19.5 |
9 | 3.21 | 5 |
10 | 2.03 | 1 |
11 | 2.75 | 2.5 |
12 | 4.74 | 13.5 |
13 | 3.79 | 0.5 |
14 | 3.10 | 4.25 |
对比例 | 6.58 | 24 |
以上数据清楚地表明在喷涂之前降低乳液聚合物的电导率显著地减少了喷涂的干燥涂层中的微泡。 当电导率从6.58mMhos/cm降至3.21mMhos/cm时,微泡从24个气泡/mm2减至5个气泡/mm2。
Claims (9)
1.一种减少热塑性干燥透明涂层中的微泡的方法,包括:
a)提供一种Tg为-20℃-150℃的热塑性乳液聚合物;
b)将所述热塑性乳液聚合物的电导率降至小于4.50毫姆欧/厘米;
c)将所述热塑性乳液聚合物喷涂到底材上;以及
d)干燥所述热塑性乳液聚合物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中通过全过滤、渗析、超滤或使所述乳液聚合物与离子交换树脂接触来降低所述乳液聚合物的电导率。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中在降低所述电导率后将所述乳液聚合物与所述离子交换树脂分离。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中通过全过滤继而超滤来降低所述乳液聚合物的电导率。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中将所述乳液聚合物的所述电导率降至4.0毫姆欧/厘米至1.0毫姆欧/厘米。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中在喷涂到所述底材之前将所述热塑性乳液聚合物配入涂料组合物中。
7.一种适于提供具有减少量微泡的透明热塑性涂层的组合物,该组合物含有电导率小于4.50毫姆欧/厘米的热塑性乳液聚合物。
8.权利要求6的组合物,其中所述乳液聚合物具有4.0毫姆欧/厘米至1.0毫姆欧/厘米的电导率。
9.权利要求6的组合物,其中所述乳液聚合物的Tg为0℃至90℃。
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CN97115471A Pending CN1173510A (zh) | 1996-07-30 | 1997-07-29 | 喷涂的热塑性涂层中微泡的减少方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0822203A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH1094748A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR980009397A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1173510A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2865797A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9705234A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2210557A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS607549B2 (ja) * | 1980-07-08 | 1985-02-25 | ハニ−化成株式会社 | 重合体ラテツクス浴の調整方法 |
EP0310691B1 (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1992-02-12 | The Glidden Company | Pigmented low temperature cure emulsions |
US5286843A (en) * | 1992-05-22 | 1994-02-15 | Rohm And Haas Company | Process for improving water-whitening resistance of pressure sensitive adhesives |
JP3441193B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 2003-08-25 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 高純度の重合体の製造方法 |
-
1997
- 1997-07-16 AU AU28657/97A patent/AU2865797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-16 CA CA002210557A patent/CA2210557A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-21 EP EP97305439A patent/EP0822203A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-29 CN CN97115471A patent/CN1173510A/zh active Pending
- 1997-07-29 JP JP9218007A patent/JPH1094748A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-29 BR BR9705234A patent/BR9705234A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-29 KR KR1019970035912A patent/KR980009397A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0822203A2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
CA2210557A1 (en) | 1998-01-30 |
AU2865797A (en) | 1998-02-05 |
BR9705234A (pt) | 1999-06-29 |
KR980009397A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
JPH1094748A (ja) | 1998-04-14 |
EP0822203A3 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
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