CN117347617A - 稀释剂及其应用、样品中分析物的测定方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种稀释剂及其应用、样品中分析物的测定方法。该稀释剂的工作电导率在25mS/cm以上。在免疫检测过程中,将与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的捕获试剂的稀释剂的工作电导率设置在25mS/cm以上时,随着稀释剂的电导率的增大,样本的信号值会呈下降趋势,可以延缓HOOK效应的出现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及免疫检测技术领域,特别是涉及一种稀释剂及其应用、样品中分析物的测定方法。
背景技术
HOOK效应又称为镰刀效应,一般是指在夹心免疫反应时的剂量反应曲线的性状。在抗原或者抗体浓度不断增加时,剂量反应曲线呈线型上扬,达到峰值后,迅速向下弯落。对这种在高剂量区段的钩或镰状的异常线型称为HOOK效应。
一步夹心法是将待测抗原或抗体与抗体对(包括捕获抗体和限量的标记抗体)或者抗原对(捕获抗原和限量的标记二抗)同时加入至反应孔中,孵育反应后洗涤去除杂质及多余的组分,加入适宜的底物后读取信号值。当样本中抗原或抗体浓度远高于捕获抗体或捕获抗原能结合的量时,大量过剩的抗原与捕获抗体上结合的抗原会竞争性结合限量的标记抗体或者大量过剩的抗体与捕获抗原上结合的抗体会竞争性结合限量的标记二抗,这样会使得待测样本中的部分抗原或抗体不能形成夹心复合物,进而导致信号值下降,出现假阴性的情况。并且,当样本中抗原或抗体的浓度较高且相差较大时,由于其曲线形态进入平台期,会导致样本的计算结果与实际偏差较大,即表现出高值样本检测结果不准确,容易出现假阴性。
化学发光免疫分析法具有高灵敏度、高特异性和宽线性范围等优势,可以定量检测多种心肌、肿瘤、感染性疾病标志物等,为很多疾病的诊治提供了极大的便利。然而,目前发现的免疫标志物中,存在大量标志物因病理浓度极高,例如AFP、β-HCG,在免疫检测中容易发生HOOK效应而出现假阴性的现象。
发明内容
基于此,本发明提供一种稀释剂,该稀释剂可以延缓或降低HOOK效应,从而使得免疫检测中不易出现假阴性。
此外,还提供一种上述稀释剂在制备免疫检测的捕获试剂和/或标记剂中的应用、包括上述稀释剂的捕获试剂、标记剂和检测试剂盒,以及应用上述稀释剂的样品中分析物的测定方法。
一种稀释剂,包括缓冲剂和电导率调节剂,所述稀释剂的工作电导率在25mS/cm以上,所述稀释剂用于处理包括磁珠的试剂。
电导率调节剂为能显著影响溶液电导率的电解质,经本申请发明人研究发现,在免疫检测过程中,将与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的捕获试剂中的稀释剂的工作电导率设置在25mS/cm以上时,随着稀释剂的电导率的增大,样本的信号值会呈下降趋势,可以延缓HOOK效应的出现。
在一实施例中,所述稀释剂的工作电导率在200mS/cm以下。
优选的,所述稀释剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~120mS/cm。
进一步地,所述稀释剂的工作电导率为46mS/cm~100mS/cm。
在一实施例中,所述稀释剂包括缓冲剂和电导率调节剂,所述缓冲剂包括磷酸盐缓冲液、HEPES缓冲液、MOPS缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液、MES缓冲液中的一种或多种;
在一实施例中,所述电导率调节剂包括盐;优选地,所述盐为钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐中的至少一种。
在一实施例中,盐为NaCl,在所述稀释剂中,所述NaCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L;
在一实施例中,盐为KCl,在所述稀释剂中,所述KCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L。
上述的稀释剂在制备免疫检测的捕获试剂中的应用。
一种捕获试剂,所述捕获试剂基于免疫检测技术,所述捕获试剂包括能够与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质和上述的稀释剂;
进一步地,所述捕获试剂包括磁珠;
可选地,所述捕获试剂用于捕获分析物,所述分析物为抗体、抗原、配体、受体、寡核苷酸、半抗原、表位、模拟表位或适体;
进一步地,所述分析物为甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、β-HCG、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、异常凝血酶原、SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-2的N蛋白、SARS-CoV-2抗体、C-反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A、降钙素原、白细胞介素6、尿微量白蛋白、β2-微球蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、胱抑素C、人中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、D-二聚体、肌钙蛋白I、肌钙蛋白T、N末端脑钠肽、N-末端脑钠肽前体、脑尿钠肽、肌酸激酶同工酶或肌红蛋白中的至少一种。
在一实施例中,所述磁珠包被有能与所述分析物特异性结合的物质。
在一实施例中,所述捕获试剂的工作电导率在200mS/cm以下。
优选的,所述捕获试剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~120mS/cm。
进一步地,所述捕获试剂的工作电导率为46mS/cm~100mS/cm。
对于捕获试剂,因为其中含有磁珠,而磁珠会干扰电导率测定,无法直接测定电导率。在过滤掉捕获试剂中的磁珠后,可对滤液测定电导率,与上述稀释剂电导率基本一致。
一种标记剂,所述标记剂基于免疫检测技术,所述标记剂包括连接有标记物且能与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质和上述的稀释剂。
一种检测试剂盒,包括上述的捕获试剂。
在一实施例中,待测样品是尿液、脑脊髓液、粪便、血液、血清或血浆。
一种样品中分析物的测定方法,包括以下步骤:
将待测样品、标记剂和捕获试剂接触后,通过检测所述标记剂与所述待测样品中的分析物和所述捕获试剂形成的复合物的量而确定所述分析物的量,其中,所述捕获试剂为上述的捕获试剂和/或所述标记剂为上述的标记剂。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使本发明公开内容更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。本文中“mS/cm”是电导率的单位,也即毫西门子每厘米。本文中“可选地”用于举例。本文中术语“以上”在表示数值范围时,包括本数。需要说明的是,在本文中“稀释剂的工作电导率”是指稀释剂在使用时的电导率。
本申请一实施方式提供了一种稀释剂,该稀释剂的工作电导率在25mS/cm以上。
本申请聚焦于分析电导率对HOOK效应的缓解效果。电导率对蛋白的溶解度有显著的影响,一般在低盐浓度下,随着盐浓度的升高,蛋白的溶解度增加,称为盐溶,当盐浓度继续升高时,蛋白的溶解度会不同程度的下降后析出,称为盐析。本申请中,将与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的捕获试剂中的稀释剂的工作电导率设置在25mS/cm以上时,随着盐离子浓度逐步升高,溶液电导率随之上升,蛋白发生不同程度的盐析,因此一定程度上缓解了被检物质(例如抗原或抗体)过量的问题,从而缓解了HOOK效应。此外,通过调节盐浓度来延缓HOOK效应,能极大程度的降低试剂成本。经验证,通过稀释剂来提高反应溶液的电导率,可明显延缓HOOK效应,例如可将产生HOOK效应对应的浓度提升10倍,可以减少高浓度下因HOOK效应导致的检测误差,以提高检测试剂的准确度。
在一些实施例中,稀释剂的工作电导率在200mS/cm以下。在一些可选地具体示例中,稀释剂的工作电导率为28mS/cm、35mS/cm、45mS/cm、50mS/cm、60mS/cm、65mS/cm、70mS/cm、75mS/cm、80mS/cm、85mS/cm、90mS/cm、95mS/cm、100mS/cm、110mS/cm、150mS/cm、180mS/cm或200mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~120mS/cm。更进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为46mS/cm~100mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,稀释剂的工作电导率为28.1mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为48.8mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。
在另一些实施例中,稀释剂的工作电导率为46.7mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为74.9mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。
具体地,稀释剂包括缓冲剂和电导率调节剂。可选地,缓冲剂为磷酸盐缓冲液、HEPES缓冲液、MOPS缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液、MES缓冲液中的一种或多种。优选地,缓冲剂为MES缓冲液。可以理解的是,缓冲剂不限于上述,还可以其他物质。可选地,电导率调节剂为能调节溶液离子强度的盐。在一些实施例中,盐包括NaCl、KCl和NH4Cl、MgCl2、MgSO4、CaCl2、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NH4SO4、NaNO3、KNO3、KClO4、NaClO4中的至少一种。优选地,盐包括NaCl、KCl和NH4Cl中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,盐为NaCl,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L。进一步地,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为600mmol/L~1.5mol/L。更进一步地,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1.5mol/L。本文中,NaCl的工作浓度是指在使用时稀释剂中NaCl的浓度。
在一些实施例中,盐为NaCl,稀释剂的工作电导率为28.1mS/cm~120mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为48.8mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。更进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为61.6mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,盐为NaCl,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为28.1mS/cm~120mS/cm。进一步地,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为600mmol/L~1mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为48.8mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。更进一步地,在稀释剂中NaCl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1.5mol/L(m/v),稀释剂的工作电导率为61.6mS/cm~74.3mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,盐为KCl,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L。进一步地,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为450mmol/L~1.5mol/L。更进一步地,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1mol/L。本文中,KCl的工作浓度是指在使用时稀释剂中KCl的浓度。
在一些实施例中,盐为KCl,稀释剂的工作电导率为33.1mS/cm~100mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为46.7mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。更进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为74.9mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,盐为KCl,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为33.1mS/cm~100mS/cm。进一步地,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为450mmol/L~1mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为46.7mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。更进一步地,在稀释剂中,KCl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为74.9mS/cm~96.7mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,盐为NH4Cl,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L。进一步地,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为450mmol/L~1.5mol/L。更进一步地,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1mol/L。本文中,NH4Cl的工作浓度是指在使用时稀释剂中NH4Cl的浓度。
在一些实施例中,盐为NH4Cl,稀释剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~150mS/cm。进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为60mS/cm~130mS/cm。更进一步地,稀释剂的工作电导率为95mS/cm~130mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,盐为NH4Cl,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为300mmol/L~1.5mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~150mS/cm。进一步地,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为450mmol/L~1mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为60mS/cm~130mS/cm。更进一步地,在稀释剂中,NH4Cl的工作浓度为750mmol/L~1mol/L;稀释剂的工作电导率为-95mS/cm~130mS/cm。
在一些实施例中,上述稀释剂还包括表面活性剂和防腐剂中的至少一种。可选地,表面活性剂为Tween20、Tween80和TritonX100中的至少一种。可选地,防腐剂为Proclin300。可以理解的是,表面活性剂和防腐剂均不限于上述,还可以是其他物质。
基于上述,本申请一实施方式还提供了一种上述任一实施例的稀释剂在制备检测产品中的应用。可选地,检测产品为检测试剂盒或检测试剂(例如捕获试剂)。
具体地,上述任一实施例的稀释剂在制备免疫检测的捕获试剂中的应用,其中,捕获试剂包括能够与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质和上述任一实施例的稀释剂;上述任一实施例的稀释剂在制备免疫检测的标记试剂中的应用,其中,标记剂包括能够在不同于捕获试剂的结合位点与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质和上述任一实施例的稀释剂。
此外,本申请一实施方式还提供了一种检测试剂盒,该检测试剂盒包括捕获试剂和标记剂,捕获试剂包括上述任一实施例的稀释剂和/或标记剂包括上述任一实施例的稀释剂。具体地,捕获试剂基于免疫检测技术,包括能够与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质,用于捕获分析物;进一步地,捕获试剂包括磁珠和上述任一实施例的稀释剂;捕获试剂中的磁珠上包被有能与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质,从而捕获分析物。连接有标记物的标记剂起标记分析物的作用,用于反馈分析物的量。分析物是同时能与磁珠和标记剂特异性结合的物质。分析物与捕获试剂中能与分析物特异性结合的物质和标记剂中能与分析物特异性结合的物质以结合对的形式特性结合。例如受体/配体对、抗体/抗原、天然或合成受体/配体对、半抗原/抗体对、抗原/抗体对、表位/抗体对、模拟位/抗体对、适体/靶分子对、杂交伴侣、和嵌入物/靶分子对。例如,在一些实施例中,分析物为寡核苷酸序列、适体、适体配体、抗体、抗原、配体、受体、半抗原、表位、或模拟位,则相应的捕获试剂和标记剂分别包含互补的寡核苷酸序列、适体配体、适体、抗原、抗体、受体、配体、或抗体。在一个可选地具体示例中,分析物为抗原,捕获试剂和标记剂包含特异性结合该抗原的抗体。当然,在基于夹心法的免疫检测中,捕获试剂与分析物的结合位点与标记剂与分析物的结合位点不同。在基于竞争法的免疫检测中,捕获试剂与分析物的结合位点与标记剂与分析物的结合位点相同。在本实施方式中,分析物为蛋白或多肽。可选地,分析物为甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、异常凝血酶原(DCP,又称PIVKA-II)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素的β亚基(β-HCG)、SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-2的N蛋白、SARS-CoV-2抗体、C-反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A、降钙素原、白细胞介素6、尿微量白蛋白、β2-微球蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、胱抑素C、人中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、D-二聚体、肌钙蛋白I(例如心肌肌钙蛋白I)、肌钙蛋白T、N末端脑钠肽、N-末端脑钠肽前体、脑尿钠肽、肌酸激酶同工酶或肌红蛋白(MYO)。
在本文中,术语“磁珠”可以为球体、近球体、立方体、多面体或不规则形状。在一些实施例中,磁珠的直径为10nm~1mm。在一个可选地具体示例中,磁珠的直径为100nm、500nm、1μm、10μm、100μm或500μm。进一步地,磁珠的直径为400nm~10μm。磁珠含有磁性物质,磁性物质可以为金属(金属单质或合金)、非金属,或金属与非金属所形成的复合物。金属例如铁、铝镍钴金属等;非金属例如铁氧体非金属(例如Fe2O3或Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子);金属与非金属所形成的复合物例如钕铁硼橡胶磁复合材料。在一些实施例中,磁珠的表面修饰有一种或多种活性功能基团。可选地,活性功能基团包括-OH、-COOH、-NH2、-CHO及-SO3H中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,磁珠上包被的能与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合的物质通过物理吸附或直接化学缀合(例如通过桥接物进行桥接)与磁珠缀合或结合。在一些实施例中,磁珠的材质为聚苯乙烯、塑料、纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯聚丙烯、交联葡聚糖、玻璃、硅橡胶和琼脂糖凝胶中的一种或多种。在一个可选地具体示例中,磁珠为磁珠,连接于磁珠上的单抗通过链霉亲和素和生物素连接。在另一个可选地具体示例中,磁珠包括磁珠和连接于磁珠上的链霉亲和素。
本文中,标记剂上连接的标记物是指能够提供被检测的信号的物质。在一些实施例中,标记物选自发色团、地高辛标记探针、电子致密物质、金属粒子及产生可检测信号的酶中的至少一种。可选地,发色团选自荧光、量子点、荧光微球、发光化合物和染料中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,发色团为发光化合物。例如,吖啶酯、吖啶酯衍生物、金刚烷、鲁米诺、异鲁米诺等。可选地,吖啶酯衍生物选自吖啶酯磺酰胺、吖啶酯甲苯磺酰胺、吖啶酯对甲基磺酰胺及吖啶酯三氟甲基磺酰胺中的至少一种。电子致密物质为放射性分子。例如32P,35S或125I。在一些实施例中,产生可检测信号的酶选自辣根过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶中的一种。在一些实施例中,金属粒子是胶体金属,例如胶体金、胶体银、胶体硒等。可以理解的是,标记物不限于上述,还可以是其他能够被肉眼直接观察到、借助仪器检测到的具有颜色的物质。
在一些实施例中,标记物直接与标记剂连接。
在另一些实施例中,标记物通过桥接物间接与标记剂连接。可选地,桥接物选自蛋白、蛋白复合物或双功能交联剂中的一种或多种。在一实施例中,作为桥接物的蛋白中含有牛血清白蛋白、卵白蛋白、钥孔血蓝蛋白、免疫球蛋白、甲状腺球蛋白或多聚赖氨酸。作为桥接物的蛋白复合物中含有牛血清白蛋白、卵白蛋白、钥孔血蓝蛋白、免疫球蛋白、甲状腺球蛋白和多聚赖氨酸中的至少两种。可选地,双功能交联剂选自4-(4-N-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酰肼(4-[4-N-maleimidophenyl]butyric acid hydrazide hydrochloride,MPBH)、1-[2-[2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙基]马来酰亚胺盐酸盐(1-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]maleimide hydrochloride,MPEG2A)、N-[β-马来酰亚胺丙酸]酰肼,三氟乙酸盐(N-[β-maleimidopropionic acid]hydrazide,trifluoroacetic acid salt,BMPH)、N-[ε-马来酰亚胺基己酸)酰肼,三氟乙酸盐(N-[ε-Maleimidocaproic acid)hydrazide,trifluoroacetic acid salt,EMCH)、N-[κ-马来酰亚胺十一烷酸]酰肼,三氟乙酸盐(N-[κ-maleimidoundecanoic acid]hydrazide,trifluoroacetic acid salt,KMUH)中的任一种。可以理解的是,在一些实施例中,桥接物具有放大信号的作用。例如,桥接物可以偶联更多的标记物以放大信号。
可选地,待测样品是尿液、脑脊髓液、粪便、血液、血清或血浆。可以理解的是,待测样品不限于上述。
可以理解的是,在一些实施例中,上述检测试剂盒中的标记剂可以省略。标记剂省略时,上述检测试剂盒与标记剂(例如另购)搭配使用即可。
上述捕获试剂或上述检测试剂盒包括上述稀释剂,具有上述稀释剂相应的优点。
基于上述,本申请一实施方式还提供了一种样品中分析物的测定方法,包括以下步骤:将待测样品、标记剂和捕获试剂接触后,通过检测标记剂与待测样品中的分析物和捕获试剂中的磁珠形成的复合物的量或标记剂与磁珠形成的复合物的量而确定分析物的量。可选地,标记剂为包括上述任一实施例的稀释剂的标记剂,和/或捕获剂为包括上述任一实施例的稀释剂的捕获试剂。
在一些实施例中,该测定方法不以疾病的诊断或治疗为直接目的。例如,该测定方法用于海关检疫、用于公共场所反应卫生状况中(例如条件致病菌)的检测等。当然,在其他实施例中,该测定方法还可以辅助疾病的诊断或治疗。
更具体地,该测定方法基于夹心法进行测定。在接触后,分析物与标记剂和捕获剂中的磁珠共同形成夹心复合物,通过检测夹心复合物的量可以确定待测样品中分析物的量。
更具体地,该测定方法基于竞争法进行测定。在接触后,分析物与标记剂竞争性结合磁珠,所以通过检测标记剂和磁珠形成的复合物的量可以确定待测样品中分析物的量。
在一些实施例中,该测定方法为一步法。也即是,将待测样品、标记剂和捕获试剂同时进行孵育反应。
上述测定方法通过使用电导率为25mS/cm以上的稀释剂制备的捕获试剂测定待测样品中的分析物,可明显延缓HOOK效应,可以将产生HOOK效应对应的抗原或抗体浓度提升10倍,减少高浓度下因HOOK效应导致的检测误差,提高了检测的准确度。
具体实施例
以下结合具体实施例进行详细说明。以下实施例如未特殊说明,则不包括除不可避免的杂质外的其他组分。实施例中采用试剂和仪器如非特别说明,均为本领域常规选择。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规条件,例如文献、书本中所述的条件或者生产厂家推荐的方法实现。
实施例1
本实施例为甲胎蛋白(AFP)项目,通过向捕获抗体溶液中添加不同浓度及不同种类的中性盐改变溶液电导率,对HOOK样本检测结果的影响。
(1)磁微粒固定工艺
将磁微粒洗涤,重悬于MES缓冲液中,加入碳二亚胺(EDAC)反应,置于血液混匀仪上中速混匀;加入捕获用AFP抗体(购自广东菲鹏生物有限公司),室温避光反应,得到包被产物;加入淬灭缓冲液在室温避光反应以终止封闭反应,收集固定于磁微粒的AFP抗体,得捕获抗体母液。
(2)吖啶偶联工艺
取标记用AFP抗体(其对AFP的结合位点与捕获用AFP抗体对AFP的结合位点不同,购自广东菲鹏生物有限公司)重悬于MES缓冲液中,然后加入吖啶酯,混匀后进行标记,标记反应结束后,加入10%BSA封闭;收集AFP标记抗体偶联吖啶标记物,得标记抗体母液。
(3)试剂配制
1)含不同浓度氯化钠的捕获抗体稀释液:向捕获抗体原稀释液(由Tris 50mmol/L、BSA 10g/L、曲拉通x-100 1g/L、鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚25 5g/L和水组成)中依次加8.766g、17.532g、26.298g、35.064g、43.83g、52.596g、58.44g氯化钠,得到七种含氯化钠浓度分别为150mM~1M的捕获抗体稀释液,并检测其电导率依次为:15.78ms/cm、28.1ms/cm、37.3ms/cm、48.8ms/cm、61.6ms/cm、68.5ms/cm、74.3ms/cm。
2)含不同浓度氯化钾的捕获抗体稀释液:向捕获抗体原稀释液中依次加11.1825g、22.365g、33.5475g、44.73g、55.9125g、67.095g、74.55g氯化钾,得到七种含氯化钾浓度分别为150mM~1M的捕获抗体稀释液,并检测其电导率依次为:18.59ms/cm、33.1ms/cm、46.7ms/cm、61.6ms/cm、74.9ms/cm、88.2ms/cm、96.7ms/cm;其中,捕获抗体原稀释液的组成同步骤1)。
3)将上述14种捕获抗体稀释液按同等比例40:1,稀释步骤(1)制备的捕获抗体母液后得到14种捕获抗体工作液。
4)标记抗体稀释液的组成为:20mM HEPES pH8.0、30g/L普鲁兰多糖、1.1g/LTween 20、475mmol/L丝氨酸、109mmol/L甘露醇和10g/L酪蛋白。加氯化钠电导率调为7.32ms/cm。取标记抗体稀释液按1:1000稀释步骤(2)制备的标记抗体母液得到标记抗体工作液。
5)激发液A:含有过氧化氢的溶液。
6)激发液B:含有氢氧化钠的溶液。
7)清洗缓冲液:含有磷酸盐的缓冲液。
(4)样本检测
使用Shine i2000全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测不同条件下不同浓度AFP样本的发光值。反应程序为:依次加入10μL样本、50μL捕获抗体工作液和50μL标记抗体工作液,混匀后于37℃反应15min,使用清洗缓冲液洗涤4次,分别加入100μL激发液A、B,记录仪器读数。结果如表1和表2所示。
表1
上述检测结果表明,添加KCl的AFP项目线性范围为0.5IU/mL~1000IU/mL。当KCl的添加量为常规的150mM时,随着抗原浓度提高,发光值会出现平台期,当抗原浓度超过100000IU/mL时发光值低于抗原浓度1000IU/mL的发光值,进而出现假阴性。随着KCl的添加量从450mM至1M,电导率从46.7ms/cm至96.7ms/cm,各样本发光值会整体下降,但是会较大程度提高出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度。当KCl的添加量为1M时,出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度可达1000000IU/mL,是原本产生HOOK效应对应浓度的10倍(原本是100000IU/mL)。
表2
上述检测结果表明:添加NaCl的AFP项目线性范围为0.5IU/mL~1000IU/mL。当NaCl的添加量为常规150mM时,随着抗原浓度提高,发光值会出现平台期。当抗原浓度超过100000IU/mL时发光值低于抗原浓度1000IU/mL的发光值,进而出现假阴性。随着NaCl的添加量从300mM至1M,电导率从28.1ms/cm至74.3ms/cm,各样本发光值会整体下降,但是会较大程度延缓出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度。当NaCl的添加量为1M时,出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度可达1000000IU/mL,是原本产生HOOK效应对应浓度的10倍,与添加KCl提高溶液电导率可以达到相近的效果。目前AFP项目各厂家中HOOK效应最高可做到1000000IU/mL,本方法可与之匹敌,具有很好的延缓HOOK效应的作用,极大地提高高值样本的检测准确度。
实施例2
本实施例选用肌红蛋白(MYO)项目,考察了通过向捕获抗体溶液中添加不同浓度以及不同种类的中性盐改变溶液电导率,对HOOK样本检测结果的影响。
(1)磁微粒固定工艺
将磁微粒洗涤,重悬于MES缓冲液中,加入碳二亚胺(EDAC)反应,置于血液混匀仪上中速混匀;加入捕获MYO用抗体(购自广东菲鹏生物有限公司),室温避光反应,得到包被产物;加入淬灭缓冲液在室温避光反应以终止封闭反应,收集固定于磁微粒的MYO抗体,得捕获抗体母液。
(2)吖啶偶联工艺
取标记用MYO抗体重悬于MES缓冲液中,然后加入吖啶酯,混匀后进行标记,标记反应结束后,加入10%BSA封闭;收集MYO标记抗体偶联吖啶标记物,得标记抗体母液。
(3)试剂配制
1)含不同浓度氯化钠的捕获抗体稀释液:向捕获抗体原稀释液(组成同实施例1)中依次加8.766g、17.532g、26.298g、35.064g、43.83g、52.596g、58.44g氯化钠,得到七种含氯化钠浓度分别为150mM-1M的捕获抗体稀释液,并检测其电导率依次为:15.78ms/cm、28.1ms/cm、37.3ms/cm、48.8ms/cm、61.6ms/cm、68.5ms/cm、74.3ms/cm。
2)含不同浓度氯化钾的捕获抗体稀释液:向捕获抗体原稀释液(组成同实施例1)中依次加11.1825g、22.365g、33.5475g、44.73g、55.9125g、67.095g、74.55g氯化钾,得到七种含氯化钾浓度分别为150mM-1M的捕获抗体稀释液,并检测其电导率依次为:18.59ms/cm、33.1ms/cm、46.7ms/cm、61.6ms/cm、74.9ms/cm、88.2ms/cm、96.7ms/cm。
3)上述14种捕获抗体稀释液按同等比例40:1,稀释步骤(1)制备的捕获抗体母液后得到14种捕获抗体工作液。
4)标记抗体工作液的配制同实施例1。
5)激发液A:含有过氧化氢的溶液。
6)激发液B:含有氢氧化钠的溶液。
7)清洗缓冲液:含有磷酸盐的缓冲液。
(4)样本检测
使用Shine i2000全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测不同条件下不同浓度MYO样本的发光值。反应程序为:依次加入10μL样本、50μL捕获抗体工作液和50μL标记抗体工作液,混匀后于37℃反应10min,用清洗缓冲液洗涤4次,分别加入100μL激发液A、B,记录仪器读数。结果如表3和表4所示。
表3
检测结果表明:MYO项目线性范围为21ng/mL~3000ng/mL。当KCl的添加量为常规的150mM时,随着抗原浓度提高,发光值会出现平台期,当抗原浓度超过30000ng/mL时发光值低于抗原浓度3000ng/mL的发光值,进而出现假阴性。随着KCl的添加量从450mM至1M,电导率从46.7ms/cm至96.7ms/cm,各样本发光值会整体下降,但是会较大程度延缓出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度。当KCl的添加量为1M时,出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度可达300000ng/mL,是原本产生HOOK效应对应浓度的10倍,具有很好的延缓HOOK效应的作用,极大地提高高值样本的检测准确度。
表4
检测结果表明:MYO项目线性范围为21ng/mL~3000ng/mL.当NaCl的添加量为常规的150mM时,随着抗原浓度提高,发光值会出现平台期,当抗原浓度超过30000ng/mL时发光值低于抗原浓度3000ng/mL的发光值,出现假阴性。随着KCl的添加量从300mM~1M,电导率从28.1ms/cm-74.3ms/cm,各样本发光值会整体下降,但是会较大程度延缓出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度。当NaCl的添加量为1M时,出现HOOK效应对应的抗原浓度可达300000ng/mL,与添加KCl提高溶液电导率可以达到相近的效果。
所以,上述结果表明捕获抗体溶液中电导率(盐(KCl/NaCl)浓度)越高,各样本的发光值会整体越低,但HOOK效应对应的样本浓度会越高,HOOK效应延缓出现。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,便于具体和详细地理解本发明的技术方案,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利保护范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。应当理解的是,在本领域技术人员在本发明提供的技术方案的基础上,通过合乎逻辑的分析、推理或有限的试验得到的技术方案,均在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求的内容为准,说明书可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种稀释剂,其特征在于,包括缓冲剂和电导率调节剂,所述稀释剂的工作电导率在25mS/cm以上,所述稀释剂用于处理包括磁珠的试剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稀释剂,其特征在于,所述稀释剂的工作电导率在200mS/cm以下;
优选的,所述稀释剂的工作电导率为40mS/cm~120mS/cm;
进一步地,所述稀释剂的工作电导率为46mS/cm~100mS/cm。
3.根据权利要求1~2任一项所述的稀释剂,其特征在于,所述稀释剂包括缓冲剂和电导率调节剂,所述缓冲剂包括磷酸盐缓冲液、HEPES缓冲液、MOPS缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液、MES缓冲液中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述电导率调节剂包括盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的稀释剂,其特征在于,所述盐为钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的稀释剂在制备免疫检测的捕获试剂中的应用,所述捕获试剂能够与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合。
6.一种捕获试剂,其特征在于,所述捕获试剂能够与待测样品中的分析物特异性结合,所述捕获试剂包括权利要求1~5任一项所述的稀释剂,所述捕获试剂包括磁珠。
7.根据权利要求6所述的捕获试剂,其特征在于,所述捕获试剂用于捕获分析物,所述分析物为抗原或抗体;
进一步地,所述分析物为甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、β-HCG、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、异常凝血酶原、SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-2的N蛋白、SARS-CoV-2抗体、C-反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A、降钙素原、白细胞介素6、尿微量白蛋白、β2-微球蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、胱抑素C、人中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、D-二聚体、肌钙蛋白I、肌钙蛋白T、N末端脑钠肽、N-末端脑钠肽前体、脑尿钠肽、肌酸激酶同工酶或肌红蛋白中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的捕获试剂,其特征在于,所述磁珠包被有能与所述分析物特异性结合的物质。
9.一种检测试剂盒,其特征在于,包括权利要求6~8中任一项所述的捕获试剂,
任选地,待测样品是尿液、脑脊髓液、粪便、血液、血清和血浆中的至少一种。
10.一种样品中分析物的测定方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将待测样品、标记剂和捕获试剂接触后,通过检测所述标记剂与所述待测样品中的分析物和所述捕获试剂形成的复合物的量而确定所述分析物的量,其中,所述捕获试剂为权利要求6或7所述的捕获试剂。
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