CN117338851A - 治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物、制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物、制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物、制备方法和应用,属于中药领域。所述的中药组合物由黄芪、生地黄、三七、水蛭、鸡血藤组成。该中药组合物具有治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的功能。组合物中黄芪甘温,善补全身之气而为君;生地甘寒,养阴清热凉血,三七,活血化瘀止痛,二者助君药共同为臣;水蛭活血走窜通络,鸡血藤活血补血,舒筋活络,二者共为佐使。诸药合用,标本兼治,共奏益气养阴,化瘀通络。用于糖尿病并发血管神经病变,症见四肢麻木,疼痛,头晕心悸,胸闷胸痛,偏瘫。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物、制备方法和应用。
背景技术
糖尿病作为常见病多发病,虽然降糖药物众多,但作为一个慢性病,长而久之,并发症非常普遍,尤其是糖尿病周围神经病变(Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes),严重影响糖尿病人的身心健康。约50%的糖尿病患者一生中会发生糖尿病周围神经病变。通常具有感觉障碍,比如灼热感、刺痛感、麻木感等;足部和手部肌肉力量下降,无法准确感知足部和手部的位置,严重时足部肌肉萎缩;膝跳反射和踝张力反射减弱;过度敏感,轻微刺激也可能引起疼痛。主要原因是长期高血糖环境下,糖基化反应和氧化应激等机制会损害神经细胞和神经纤维,导致周围神经病变。糖尿病周围神经病变严重影响患者的日常生活质量。由于感觉障碍,容易发生足部溃疡、感染和骨折;严重的足部溃疡和感染若无法控制,可能需要截肢。长期疼痛可能会引起情绪问题,增加抑郁风险。糖尿病周围神经病变是心脏疾病的危险因素之一,会升高心脏风险。
目前糖尿病周围神经病变的治疗方法主要有控制血糖、补充维生素、通过硫辛酸药物降低血脂和降低血液粘稠度、使用钙通道调节剂。使用西药的治疗效果不理想,并且药物副作用也比较明显。因此迫切需要开发一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药。
市面上现有一种药物由黄芪、地黄、白芍、麦冬、葛根、丹参、水蛭、黄芩、黄连、玄参、川芎、川牛膝组成。中国专利申请201110254194.4公开了一种治疗糖尿病性冠心病的中药剂,由以下原料按重量百分比配制而成:黄芪25-35%,生地15-25%,水蛭5-15%,三七5-15%,鸡血藤10-20%,红藤10-20%。中国专利申请201510298260.6公开了一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药,由下列重量份的原料制成:红芪20-30份、红景天3-6份、黄精10-20份、生地黄15-20份、桑椹15-20份、当归10-20份、太子参10-15份、枸杞10-20份、三七6-10份、石斛10-20份、葛根10-15份、鸡血藤15-20份、威灵仙10-20份、地龙6-15份和水蛭1-3份。
糖尿病属于中医消渴范畴,证属气阴两虚,糖尿病日久,脉络瘀阻可致血管神经病变,治疗上既要益气养阴治本,又要兼顾活血化瘀通络治标。以上专利申请和现有药物虽然具有一定的治疗效果,但针对性不强;而且选取了多种药材,容易造成资源浪费;此外其制备方法比较繁琐,需要耗费大量时间。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物、制备方法和应用,用于治疗糖尿病周围神经病变。相对于现有技术,本发明提供的中药组合物组方简练,成分来源广泛、制备方法简单;既益气养阴治本,又活血化瘀通络治标,治疗效果好。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由以下的原料药制成:
黄芪、生地黄、三七、水蛭、鸡血藤。
黄芪为豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao的干燥根。
生地黄为玄参科植物地黄Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.的新鲜或干燥块根。
三七为五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen的干燥根和根茎。
水蛭为水蛭科动物蚂蟥Whitmania pigra Whitman的干燥全体。
鸡血藤为豆科植物密花豆Spatholobus suberectus Dunn的干燥藤茎。
优选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-750份、生地黄350-650份、三七150-450份、水蛭50-250份、鸡血藤350-650份。
进一步优选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-700份、生地黄400-600份、三七200-400份、水蛭50-200份、鸡血藤400-600份。
更进一步优选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-650份、生地黄450-550份、三七250-350份、水蛭50-150份、鸡血藤450-550份。
最优选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪600份、生地黄500份、三七300份、水蛭100份、鸡血藤500份。
再一方面,本发明提供一种药物制剂,其有效成分包括上述中药组合物。
优选地,所述药物制剂包括丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、注射剂、片剂、锭剂、散剂、汤剂,针对不同的剂型可选择本领域合适的药物载体。
所使用的药物载体可以是固体、液体或气体。固体载体示例包括乳糖、白陶土、蔗糖、滑石粉、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸。液体载体的例子包括糖浆、花生油、橄榄油和水。气体载体的例子包括二氧化碳和氮气。
在制备口服剂型的组合物时,可以使用任何方便的药物介质。例如,水、乙醇、油、醇、调味剂、防腐剂、着色剂等可用于形成口服液体制剂,如混悬剂;而载体,如淀粉、糖类、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、制粒剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂可用于形成口服固体制剂,如散剂、胶囊剂和片剂。由于其易于给药,片剂和胶囊是使用固体药物载体的优选口服剂量单位。可选择使用标准水性或非水性技术对片剂进行包衣。
含有本发明中药组合物的片剂可以通过压片或模塑制备,可选择使用一种或多种辅助成分或佐剂。可通过在适当的机器中以自由流动的形式(如粉末或颗粒)压片活性成分,可选择与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、表面活性物质或分散剂混合来制备压片。模制片剂可在适当的机器中模制,即用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状化合物混合物。每片优选含有约0.05mg至约5g活性成分,每个小袋或胶囊优选含有约0.05mg至约5g活性成分。例如,拟用于人体口服给药的制剂可能含有约0.5mg至约5g活性药物,与适量且方便的载体材料混合,其可能约占总组成的5%至95%。单位剂型通常含有约1mg至约2g活性成分,通常为25mg、50mg、100mg、200mg、300mg、400mg、500mg、600mg、800mg或1000mg。
本发明中适用于胃肠外给药的药物组合物可制备为活性化合物的水溶液或混悬液。可以包括适当的表面活性剂,例如羟丙基纤维素。也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇和其油混合物中制备分散体。此外,可以加入防腐剂以防止微生物的有害生长。
本发明中适用于注射使用的药物包括无菌水溶液或分散体。此外,该药物可以无菌粉末的形式,用于临时制备此类无菌注射液或分散体。在所有情况下,最终注射形式必须是无菌的,并且必须是有效的液体,以便于可注射性药物成分必须在生产和储存条件下保持稳定;因此,最好应保存,以防止微生物(如细菌和真菌)的污染作用。载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,例如含有水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇)、植物油及其合适的混合物。
本发明的药物可以是适合局部使用的形式,例如气雾剂、乳膏、软膏、洗剂、粉剂或类似物。此外,组合物可以是适当的形式用于透皮给药装置。可以使用本发明的中药组合物,通过常规处理方法制备这些处方。例如,通过混合亲水性材料和水,以及约5wt%至约10wt%的化合物,制备具有所需稠度的乳膏或软膏。
本发明的药物可以是适用于直肠给药的形式,其中载体是固体。最好将混合物制成单位剂量栓剂。合适的载体包括可可脂和其他本领域中常用的材料。栓剂可通过首先形成混合含有软化或熔化载体的组合物,随后在模具中冷却和塑形。
除上述载体成分外,上述药物制剂可能包括(如适用)一种或多种额外的载体成分,如稀释剂、缓冲液、矫味剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、润滑剂、防腐剂(包括抗氧化剂)等。此外,可加入其它辅料,例如乳糖、淀粉、纤维素衍生物、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸等、着色剂和矫味剂等。使制剂与预期受体的血液等渗。还可以粉末或浓缩液形式制备含有本发明中药组合物的组分。
优选地,所述药物制剂为口服药物制剂。
进一步优选地,所述口服药物制剂为汤剂、丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液中的任意一种。
最优选地,所述口服药物制剂为颗粒剂。
再一方面,本发明提供上述治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物制备方法,包括以下步骤:
配方量的黄芪、生地黄、三七、水蛭、鸡血藤,煎煮2-3次,滤过,滤液合并,浓缩,即得。
优选地,所述煎煮的次数为2次,加8-12倍量水,煎煮1-2小时。
进一步优选地,加10倍量水,煎煮1小时。
优选地,所述浓缩为浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.10。
最后,本发明提供一种中药组合物在制备治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的药物中的应用。
优选地,所述糖尿病周围神经病变包括以下症状:主症为咽干口燥、倦怠无力,肢体麻木,疼痛;次症为多食易饥、口渴喜饮、气短乏力、心悸、舌红少津液、苔薄、脉细弦。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的中药组合物组方简练,节约资源,成分来源广泛,制备方法简单。
(2)本发明提供的中药组合物用于治疗糖尿病周围神经病变,治疗效果好。活血、止痛、通络作用强,可有效改善肢体疼痛、肢体麻木、走路不稳、腱反射减弱症状。
(3)作用全面,益气养阴,化瘀通络,药虽五味,各司其职,既益气养阴治本,又活血化瘀通络治标。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中,若无特殊说明,所用的操作方法均为常规操作方法,所用设备均为常规设备,各个实施例所用设备材料均相同。
实施例1
配方组成:黄芪600份、生地黄500份、三七300份、水蛭100份、鸡血藤500份。
实施例2
配方组成:黄芪550份、生地黄350份、三七150份、水蛭50份、鸡血藤350份。
实施例3
配方组成:黄芪750份、生地黄650份、三七450份、水蛭250份、鸡血藤650份。
实施例4
配方组成:黄芪550份、生地黄400份、三七200份、水蛭50份、鸡血藤400份。
实施例5
配方组成:黄芪700份、生地黄600份、三七400份、水蛭200份、鸡血藤600份。
实施例6
配方组成:黄芪550份、生地黄450份、三七250份、水蛭50份、鸡血藤450份。
实施例7
配方组成:黄芪650份、生地黄550份、三七350份、水蛭150份、鸡血藤550份。
对比例1
配方组成:黄芪600份、生地黄500份、三七300份、水蛭100份、红藤500份。
对比例2
根据中国专利申请201110254194.4实施例1原料药配比的中药组合物。
制备例
取组合物配方量药物,加10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.10,加生药量5%糊精喷干获得喷干粉;喷干粉再加制成总量13-16%糊精混匀,干法制粒,得颗粒剂。
实验例1对糖尿病模型大鼠周围神经病变的保护作用
分组与造模:健康雄性SD大鼠110只,体重200±20g,按体重随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、实施例1-7组和对比例1-2组,共11组,每组10只。除空白对照组外,其余各组按50mg/kg给药剂量一次性腹腔内注射2%链脲佐菌素枸橼酸缓冲液(0.1mmol/L枸橼酸钠-枸橼酸缓冲液配制而成,pH值为4.4),72小时后用血糖仪检测大鼠尾尖血糖≥16.7mmol/L即造模成功。空白对照组注射相同体积的枸橼酸缓冲液。
给药:大鼠造模成功后即开始给药,实施例1-7组灌胃给予实施例1-7组合物按制备例制备的喷干粉,对比例1-2组灌胃给予对比例1-2组合物按制备例制备的喷干粉,给药剂量为10g/kg,给药容积为20ml/kg。每天1次,连续8周。空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积的0.9%生理盐水。
检测:(1)空腹血糖:各组大鼠于给药后0、8周,取尾尖血用血糖仪检测血糖情况;(2)机械痛阈值:最后一次给药后,将各组大鼠分别置入有金属网的透明笼子中,待大鼠稳定5-10分钟,使用Von Frey测痛仪检测大鼠机械痛阈。用探头纤维沿垂直方向刺激大鼠右后足底正中6-8秒,观察大鼠反应,出现舔咬足趾、抬足或缩腿为阳性反应,同时记录受力数据(g),每隔5分钟检测一次,分别检测3次,记录后取均值。
结果:
(1)各组大鼠血糖变化情况
造模后,除正常对照组外,其余10组大鼠血糖显著升高(P<0.01),表示造模成功。给药8周后,各给药组血糖值下降,与模型对照组比较,实施例各组血糖值下降显著(P<0.05),2个对比例组血糖值与实施例1组比较有显著差异(P<0.05),表明,实施例组的组合物降糖作用更优。详见表1。
表1.大鼠血糖变化情况
组别 | 动物数 | 0周(mmol/L) | 8周(mmol/L) |
空白对照组 | 10 | 5.86±0.77 | 6.13±0.64 |
模型对照组 | 10 | 25.83±1.25ΔΔ | 28.26±1.02 |
实施例1组 | 10 | 26.67±2.21ΔΔ | 19.06±1.31# |
实施例2组 | 10 | 25.92±1.47ΔΔ | 20.90±2.08# |
实施例3组 | 10 | 25.65±1.93ΔΔ | 20.77±1.43# |
实施例4组 | 10 | 25.96±1.88ΔΔ | 20.65±1.55# |
实施例5组 | 10 | 25.72±1.40ΔΔ | 20.34±1.58# |
实施例6组 | 10 | 26.41±2.09ΔΔ | 19.87±1.17# |
实施例7组 | 10 | 26.27±1.62ΔΔ | 19.35±1.24# |
对比例1组 | 10 | 26.18±2.16ΔΔ | 25.33±2.29* |
对比例2组 | 10 | 26.42±1.82ΔΔ | 24.95±1.14* |
注:与空白对照组比较,ΔΔ:P<0.01;与模型对照组比较,#:P<0.05;与实施例1组比较,*:P<0.05。
(2)机械痛阈值
结果表明,空白对照组的痛阈值显著高于其它各组(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,实施例组和对比例组的痛阈值有显著提升(P<0.05,P<0.01);与实施例1组比较,2个对比例组的痛阈值提升缓慢(P<0.05)。
表2.机械痛阈值检测
组别 | 动物数 | 8周痛阈值(g) |
空白对照组 | 10 | 46.34±2.17 |
模型对照组 | 10 | 18.56±2.35ΔΔ |
实施例1组 | 10 | 39.86±2.90Δ## |
实施例2组 | 10 | 35.88±2.51Δ## |
实施例3组 | 10 | 36.05±2.62Δ## |
实施例4组 | 10 | 36.72±2.36Δ## |
实施例5组 | 10 | 37.24±3.03Δ## |
实施例6组 | 10 | 38.67±2.74Δ## |
实施例7组 | 10 | 38.93±2.19Δ## |
对比例1组 | 10 | 30.75±2.48ΔΔ#* |
对比例2组 | 10 | 32.31±2.43ΔΔ#* |
注:与空白对照组比较,Δ:P<0.05,ΔΔ:P<0.01;与模型对照组比较,#:P<0.05,##:P<0.01;与实施例1组比较,*:P<0.05。
实验例2
100例为本院门诊患者,均符合西医糖尿病的诊断标准及中医消渴气阴两虚证型的诊断标准。经知情同意后,随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例。对照组中,男29例,女21例;年龄35-65岁;病程7~16年。治疗组中男26例,女24例;年龄37-64岁;病程5~15年。两组患者的性别、年龄、病程经统计学分析,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
两组均给予糖尿病教育,采用糖尿病饮食、适当运动,并应用口服降糖药物或注射胰岛素控制血糖,使空腹血糖<7.0mmol·L-1,糖化血红蛋白<7.0%,并根据病情进行降压、降脂治疗。对照组给予消渴通脉口服液(河南省新四方制药有限公司)口服,每次20ml,每天3次,给药组给予本发明实施例1按照制备例制备的颗粒剂治疗,每次10g,每日3次。疗程1个月。治疗结束后对两组临床治疗效果进行对比评价。
诊断标准
《糖尿病周围神经病变诊疗规范(征求意见稿)》中DPN诊断标准。
中医诊断标准参考《中药新药临床研究指导原则》进行,主症为咽干口燥、倦怠无力,肢体麻木,疼痛;次症为多食易饥、口渴喜饮、气短乏力、心悸、舌红少津液、苔薄、脉细弦。
观察指标
体征评分:肢体麻木、疼痛、走路不稳及腱反射减弱,无不适感觉为0分;自觉神经系统症状极度严重甚至难以忍受为10分。
疗效标准
显效:疼痛、麻木、烧灼、腱反射等症状得到明显改善;
有效:疼痛、麻木、烧灼、腱反射等症状得到一定改善;
无效:疼痛、麻木、烧灼、腱反射等症状并无改善。
总有效率=(有效+显效)/50×100%。
治疗结果
治疗前后临床症状评分对患者治疗前后的临床症状进行评分,各组患者治疗后的体征评分较治疗前均有所下降。给药组在改善肢体疼痛、肢体麻木、走路不稳、腱反射方面显著优于对照组(P<0.05),见表3。
表3.患者临床症状改善情况(分)
注:治疗后给药组与对照组比较,*:P<0.05
两组临床疗效比较治疗1个月后,给药组的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),见表4。
表4.临床疗效比较
注:给药组与对照组比较,*:P<0.05
对比可知,本发明提供一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物可有效改善肢体麻木、疼痛、走路不稳及腱反射减弱症状,具有降血糖、提升痛阈值的效果。治疗糖尿病周围神经病变,治疗效果好。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下的原料药制成:
黄芪、生地黄、三七、水蛭、鸡血藤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-750份、生地黄350-650份、三七150-450份、水蛭50-250份、鸡血藤350-650份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-700份、生地黄400-600份、三七200-400份、水蛭50-200份、鸡血藤400-600份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪550-650份、生地黄450-550份、三七250-350份、水蛭50-150份、鸡血藤450-550份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:
黄芪600份、生地黄500份、三七300份、水蛭100份、鸡血藤500份。
6.一种药物制剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-5任意一项所述的中药组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂包括丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、注射剂、片剂、锭剂、散剂、汤剂。
8.权利要求1-5任意一项所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
配方量的黄芪、生地黄、三七、水蛭、鸡血藤,煎煮,滤过,滤液合并,浓缩,即得。
9.权利要求1-5任意一项所述的中药组合物,或权利要求6-7任一项所述的药物制剂,或按照权利要求8所述制备方法制备的中药组合物在制备治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述糖尿病周围神经病变包括以下症状:主症为咽干口燥、倦怠无力,肢体麻木,疼痛;次症为多食易饥、口渴喜饮、气短乏力、心悸、舌红少津液、苔薄、脉细弦。
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