CN117305191B - 一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌 - Google Patents
一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌,属于病原微生物筛选技术领域。该耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌为杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC‑27‑1,对大菱鲆具有致病性,携带耐药基因,耐药基因型为TEM +-ant(3")‑Ⅰ +-tet(A) ‑-mcr‑1 ‑-Sul2 ‑-Sul3 ‑-oqxA ‑。经人工感染,该杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC‑27‑1对大菱鲆具有致病力。应用利福平制备其弱毒活疫苗对大菱鲆进行免疫保护,能有效保护大菱鲆抵抗杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染,对耐药的杀鱼爱德华氏菌具有免疫保护效果,可有效减少抗生素类药物的使用,促进水产绿色健康养殖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株细菌,具体涉及一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌,属于病原微生物筛选技术领域。
背景技术
大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus,俗称多宝鱼,是冷水性底栖海水鱼类,是重要的经济养殖鱼类。随着规模化不断发展,养殖集约化程度提高,细菌性疾病频发,影响养殖业健康发展。
杀鱼爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella piscicida是大菱鲆的致病菌,对大菱鲆的感染率和致死率都很高,能引发大菱鲆腹水病、红体病、白便病等疾病。该菌分布范围大、感染范围广、传播速度快、可感染对象多,不仅能导致大菱鲆患病,还能引发罗非鱼、鳗鲡、斑马鱼、大嘴鲈鱼等多种鱼类患腹水病、出血性败血症等。
疫苗免疫接种是鱼类防治细菌性疾病安全、环保、有效的方法。疫苗的使用可提高鱼类特异性免疫水平,使鱼体产生抵抗特定病原微生物感染的免疫力,且注射后无污染、无残留,是鱼类病害防控的主流研究方向。Sun等通过利福平抗生素筛选获得的迟缓爱德华氏菌弱毒疫苗,通过口服和浸泡方式对牙鲆有很好的免疫保护效果,进而表明利用利福平抗生素培养获得的致弱株,因基因突变或缺失,毒性减弱,可用于疫苗候选。
细菌性疾病治疗过程中,由于长期使用抗生素等,造成病原菌产生耐药性,携带耐药基因的病原菌也频频被检测出。对耐药性病原菌的防治难度也越来越大,因此研发疫苗,从源头上预防疾病的发生具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌。
为了实现上述目标,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌,所述耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌为杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1,分类命名为杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1 Edwardsiella piscicida HC-27-1,是从摄食能力减弱、行动迟缓、腹部膨大、鳍条及鳍基部充血发红、腹腔有淡黄色液体、肝脏出血发红、脾脏肿大、肠壁膨大内有液体的患病大菱鲆中筛选获得的,对大菱鲆具有致病性,携带耐药基因,耐药基因型为TEM +-ant(3")-Ⅰ +-tet(A) --mcr-1 --Sul2 --Sul3 --oqxA -,所述杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为中国武汉,保藏日期为2022年12月23日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20222064。
本发明的有益之处在于:本发明公开的杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1,经分析,其全基因组GC含量为35.47%,共有编码蛋白质基因2210个、编码转运RNA基因49个、编码核糖体RNA基因4个。经全基因组测序COG数据库注释,该杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1基因组中含有信号转导、氨基酸、核糖体、脂类、辅酶等运输、代谢等相关功能基因14种1651个,与已报道的杀鱼爱德华氏菌有明显区别。经人工感染,该杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1对大菱鲆具有致病力,应用利福平制备其弱毒活疫苗对大菱鲆进行免疫保护,能有效保护大菱鲆抵抗杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染,对耐药的杀鱼爱德华氏菌具有免疫保护效果,可有效减少抗生素类药物的使用,促进水产绿色健康养殖。
附图说明
图1是杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的革兰氏染色结果图;
图2是杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的耐药基因检测结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
一、分离、鉴定菌株以及耐药基因检测
1、分离菌株
患病大菱鲆样品采集自山东烟台大菱鲆养殖场,个体质量152g~463g之间。患病大菱鲆表现为:摄食能力减弱、行动迟缓、腹部膨大、鳍条及鳍基部充血发红。解剖可见:腹腔有淡黄色液体、肝脏出血发红、脾脏肿大、肠壁膨大内有液体。
取典型症状的患病大菱鲆濒死个体,无菌条件下剖取出肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和心脏,用灭菌磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)清洗3次,充分研磨,得到组织均浆液,用无菌环蘸取组织均浆液于含有2wt%NaCl的营养琼脂平板上划线,28℃倒置培养48h,挑取优势菌落进行纯化培养,用终浓度为20%的甘油保种(菌株编号:HC-27-1),-80℃冰箱保存备用。
鉴定菌株
经过16S rRNA检测及管家基因rpoB和gyrB检测,BLAST比对分析,以及特异性引物PCR检测,结合菌株形态、生长特性、生理生化结果等,鉴定该菌株为杀鱼爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella piscicida),记为杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1。该杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的革兰氏染色结果见图1(革兰氏染色呈红色),杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1为革兰氏阴性菌。
耐药基因检测
杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的耐药基因检测结果如图2所示。由图2可知:杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的耐药基因型为TEM +-ant(3")-Ⅰ +-tet(A) --mcr-1 --Sul2 --Sul3 --oqxA -。
二、验证杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的致病力
用0.9%灭菌生理盐水洗脱活化好的杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1,制成浓度为2.4×1010CFU/mL的菌悬液。
选取与患病大菱鲆规格相近的健康大菱鲆作为试验用鱼。在车间暂养一周后,随机分为2组(试验组、对照组),每组20尾,其中,试验组每尾腹腔注射杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1菌悬液0.1mL,对照组每尾腹腔注射无菌生理盐水0.1mL。养殖水箱保持充气,温度控制在17±1℃,每天虹吸换水20%,饲养观察14天,每天记录发病和死亡情况。
14天后统计感染情况,发现:杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1表现出一定的致病力,导致90%以上的实验大菱鲆死亡,且发病死亡个体表现出与患病大菱鲆一致的临床症状,患病大菱鲆可再次分离获得杀鱼爱德华氏菌。这表明:杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1对大菱鲆具有致病力,可引起大菱鲆死亡。
三、对杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1进行全基因组测序
为更好了解杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的基因组信息,应用试剂盒提取杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的全基因组DNA,Illumina HISsq平台完成全基因组测序工作。使用FastQC对样本的测序数据进行统计,剔除低质量序列后,统计结果表明:杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1的碱基GC比例为36.6%。使用SPAdes对二代测序数据进行拼接组装、校正,拼接序列平均长度为97265.14bp。经分析,杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1共有编码蛋白的基因2210个,平均长度为864.07bp,编码蛋白基因总长度为1909595bp,基因占比89.24%;转运RNA编码基因49个;核糖体RNA编码基因4个。在原核生物COG(Clusters of Orthologous Group of proteins)数据库比对,有1651个基因在该数据库注释成功,占基因总数的77.73%。经统计,氨基酸运输代谢基因111个、碳水化合物运输代谢基因164个、翻译、核糖体结构和发生基因151个、转录功能基因126个、复制重组修复基因116个、无机离子转运代谢基因 92,还有能量产生与转换、脂类运输代谢、辅酶、核苷酸、细胞周期控制、细胞分裂、染色体划分、细胞壁、膜、包膜生物发生、翻译修饰等明确的功能基因14类1136个,及未知功能基因515个。
四、制备利福平弱毒活疫苗
将-80℃保存备用的杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1活化,用添加2wt%NaCl的LB肉汤液体培养基调整菌液浓度为OD600=0.6,取100μL接种于含有15μL/mL利福平的LB固体培养平板中,在28℃下培养5d。随机挑取单菌落用含有30μL/mL利福平的LB液体培养基调整菌液浓度为OD600=0.6,取100μL接种于含有45μL/mL利福平的LB固体培养平板中,继代培养。在逐渐增加利福平浓度的培养基中重复传达,直至利福平浓度达到100μL/mL。
用0.9%灭菌生理盐水洗脱生长在含有100μL/mL利福平的LB固体培养平板中的菌落,制成弱毒活疫苗,备用。
五、检测上述弱毒活疫苗的免疫效果
将上述弱毒活疫苗的浓度调整至108CFU/mL,腹腔注射免疫大菱鲆,每尾注射0.1mL,对照组注射同等剂量的灭菌生理盐水。每组40尾,设置3个重复。
养殖水温17±1℃,全天充气,日换水20%,免疫28天后用杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1进行人工感染,每尾腹腔注射浓度为1.2×1010CFU/mL的杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1菌液0.1mL。每天观察并记录各实验组死亡数量,计算弱毒活疫苗的免疫保护率。
经统计,对照组平均死亡率93.26%,而经过弱毒活疫苗免疫的实验组死亡率仅为27.53%。
六、菌种保藏
由前面的研究可知,当杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1经利福平致弱后获得的弱毒活疫苗,可有效防控大菱鲆杀鱼爱德华氏菌病,并且对耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌有免疫保护作用,对于减少抗生素类药物使用,预防耐药菌感染具有积极作用。
该杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1(Edwardsiella piscicida HC-27-1)保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为中国武汉,保藏日期为2022年12月23日,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M 20222064。
需要说明的是,上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一株大菱鲆来源的耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌,其特征在于,所述耐药杀鱼爱德华氏菌为杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1,分类命名为Edwardsiella piscicida,是从摄食能力减弱、行动迟缓、腹部膨大、鳍条及鳍基部充血发红、腹腔有淡黄色液体、肝脏出血发红、脾脏肿大、肠壁膨大内有液体的患病大菱鲆中筛选获得的,对大菱鲆具有致病性,携带耐药基因,耐药基因型为TEM +-ant(3")-Ⅰ +-tet(A) --mcr-1 --Sul2 --Sul3 --oqxA -,所述杀鱼爱德华氏菌HC-27-1保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为中国武汉,保藏日期为2022年12月23日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20222064。
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