CN117298289A - 一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纳米硒‑黄丝藻多糖复合物及其制备方法和应用,属于食品及医药技术领域。纳米硒‑黄丝藻多糖复合物由黄丝藻多糖和亚硒酸钠经经还原剂还原制备而成;黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠的质量比为1:0.5‑2.5;黄丝藻多糖分子量为8.42kDa,为β‑葡聚糖,单糖组成为100%葡萄糖。通过该黄丝藻多糖制备的纳米硒‑黄丝藻多糖复合物提高了纳米硒的稳定性,且两者之间存在协同增效作用,显著提高了该复合物的抗氧化活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品及医药技术领域,更具体的涉及一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
硒是人和动物必需微量元素,缺硒容易导致免疫力低下、克山病等疾病发生。已知硒在自然状态下主要有无机硒、有机硒和单质硒三种形式,其中以零价红色纳米硒具有更高的安全性和生物利用度,是制药和食品科学领域的重要补硒硒源。但由于纳米硒极不稳定,易发生聚集转变为灰黑色惰性单质硒而失去活性,因而寻找合适修饰剂或稳定剂增强其稳定性是研究之热点。
植物提取物因其天然含有多糖、蛋白质等组份,在纳米硒稳定方面已有较多应用。如采用桔梗多糖、杜仲多糖、枸杞多糖等。现有技术多以陆生植物来源多糖作为纳米硒的稳定剂或者修饰剂,但分离纯化过程因细胞壁屏障存在耗时长、耗能高等问题,且多糖提取物成分复杂、不均一。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物及其制备方法和应用,以黄丝藻为原料,提取黄丝藻多糖,提取的黄丝藻多糖成分单一,仅由葡萄糖组成,通过该黄丝藻多糖制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物提高了纳米硒的稳定性,且抗氧化活性显著提升。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,由黄丝藻多糖和亚硒酸钠经还原剂还原制备而成;黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠的质量比为1:0.5-2.5;黄丝藻多糖分子量为8.42kDa,黄丝藻多糖为β-葡聚糖,单糖组成为100%葡萄糖。
优选的,黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠的质量比为1:1.5。
优选的,黄丝藻多糖的制备方法为:将黄丝藻藻体依次在含有3mM和18mM硝酸钠的mBG-11培养基中进行培养得到黄丝藻藻泥;将黄丝藻藻泥进行提取得到黄丝藻多糖。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将黄丝藻多糖溶解于水中,加入亚硒酸钠,搅拌均匀加入还原剂溶液,搅拌12h,得到混合溶液;
步骤2、将混合溶液进行透析直至VC检测无红色变色反应,收集截留液干燥得到纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物。
优选的,步骤1中,黄丝藻多糖、水、亚硒酸钠的比例为100mg:120mL:50-250mg。
优选的,步骤1中,还原剂溶液与黄丝藻多糖的比例为30-60mL:100mg,还原剂的浓度为0.1M。
优选的,步骤1中,还原剂为VC。
优选的,步骤2中,透析时使用的透析袋的截留分子量为3.5KDa,透析时间为48h。
优选的,步骤2中,干燥为冷冻干燥。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物在制备抗氧化剂中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明以黄丝藻作为原料,通过营养调控获得特定结构的多糖,且细胞壁中不含木质素等坚硬物质,使得多糖提取效率显著增加,分离过程能耗降低。将黄丝藻多糖提取出来经过纯化后,得到了相对较为纯净的组分。黄丝藻多糖的单糖组成为100%葡萄糖,分子量为8.42kDa,该多糖为β型多糖。通过添加不同比例的亚硒酸钠,用该多糖制备出三种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物(SeNPs-TP1,SeNPs-TP2,SeNPs-TP3);随着亚硒酸钠加入量提高,SeNPs-TP中硒含量持续增加,提高了纳米硒稳定性,但过高的亚硒酸钠添加量则降低纳米硒的稳定性。此外,SeNPs-TP相比于单独黄丝藻多糖和纳米硒的抗氧化能力都有显著提升,且存在协同作用,显著提高了该复合物的抗氧化活性。其中SeNPs-TP2对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子清除能力均最高,在2mg/L浓度时分别为80.16%、70.14%、59.68%。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的流程图;
图2为黄丝藻多糖分离纯化的DEAE-52洗脱曲线(A)及单糖组成(B);
图3为不同纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物含硒量的柱状图;
图4为不同纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的红外光谱图;
图5为黄丝藻多糖的扫描电镜图,;
图6为纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的扫描电镜图,其中A图为SeNPs-TP2,B图为A图的局部放大图;
图7为不同硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的羟自由基(A)、DPPH自由基(B)、超氧阴离子清除能力(C)及其协同抗氧化作用(D)的曲线图
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明选用黄丝藻作为原料,具有生长周期短、营养模式可塑性强、多糖成分单一且结构简单等优势,可通过营养调控获得特定结构的多糖,且细胞壁中不含木质素等坚硬物质,使得多糖提取效率显著增加,分离过程能耗降低。通过提取的黄丝藻多糖制备纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物。本发明将黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠混合,通过维生素C(VC)的原位还原制备出纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,并对其进行表征,对比了不同硒量的SeNPs-TP的结构与抗氧化能力,流程图如图1所示。
本发明所使用的黄丝藻藻株可参考“一种利用黄丝藻综合炼制生产产品、生物柴油和生物材料的方法(ZL201810970871.4)”。在本发明中,该黄丝藻培养采用光生物反应器,培养条件同专利ZL 201810970871.4,但不同的是黄丝藻生物质是在经过氮浓度切换的两步法中获得的,即藻体先在含有3mM硝酸钠的mBG-11培养基中培养9天,然后转移到含有18mM硝酸钠的mBG-11培养基中继续培养9天;通过过滤收集藻泥,经冷冻干燥后,用作黄丝藻多糖的提取原料。
所用黄丝藻多糖采用热水浸提-醇沉法进行制备,具体制备方法如下所示:
步骤1、将100g冷冻干燥后的黄丝藻藻泥加入4L水,400W下超声30min,超声完成后,得到预处理溶液,将预处理溶液置于80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌提取2小时,通过筛绢过滤后收集提取液,将藻渣继续加入1L水再提取一次,合并提取液后加入三倍体积的乙醇对提取的多糖进行沉淀,然后在4℃冰箱中静置过夜,4000r/min离心收集沉淀。
步骤2、将10.5g沉淀溶于100mL纯水中,加入三倍体积的sevage试剂,搅拌30min,在分液漏斗静置分层,小心去掉下层和中层,回收上清透析冻干得到黄丝藻粗多糖;然后在利用DEAE-52的阴离子交换柱分离(洗脱曲线如图2的A图所示),收集0.1MNaCl洗脱液所产生的洗脱峰,经流水透析72h后,收集样品进行冷冻干燥,即为黄丝藻多糖(TP)。本发明所用黄丝藻多糖由100%葡萄糖组成(图2的B图),分子量为8.42kDa,该多糖为β型多糖。
实施例1
将100mg TP溶于120mL超纯水中,搅拌至室温下完全溶解。加入50mg Na2SeO3到TP溶液中,快速搅拌混匀1min。加入30mL 0.1MVC溶液,搅拌12h。反应完成后将所得溶液转入3.5KDa透析袋透析48h,将透析液通过VC检测无红色变色反应时停止透析,收集截留液冷冻干燥得到纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物粉末,记为SeNPs-TP1。
实施例2
与实施例1区别仅在于,Na2SeO3的加入量为150mg。制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物粉末记为SeNPs-TP2。
实施例3
与实施例1区别仅在于,Na2SeO3的加入量为250mg。制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物粉末记为SeNPs-TP3。
实施例4
与实施例1区别仅在于,VC溶液加入量为60mL。
实施例5
与实施例1区别仅在于,VC溶液加入量为40mL。
下面以实施例1-3为例,对制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物进行表征。
(1)纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的含硒量
如图3所示,在制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物中,SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2、SeNPs-TP3中硒含量随着亚硒酸钠添加量的上升而上升,总硒含量分别为0.80mg/g、1.65mg/g、8.01mg/g,这主要是因为亚硒酸钠在VC的作用下生成纳米硒,而其与黄丝藻多糖的羟基通过非共价结合,形成了含有不同硒含量的SeNPs-TP。
(2)纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的红外光谱分析
通过对制备的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物及黄丝藻多糖进行红外全扫,结果如图4所示,其中纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物与黄丝藻多糖吸收峰高度相似,说明没有新的共价键形成。在3450cm-1处羟基的吸收峰均发生了不同程度的小幅移动,推测这种结合可能是通过氢键、范德华力或疏水作用等作用力连接。
(3)纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的zeta电位和粒径分析
将纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖配置成10mg/L的溶液,用粒度仪分析其在水溶液中的粒度分布以及zeta电位。复合物水溶液的稳定性可以通过zeta电位和粒径等流体力学性质反应,其稳定性与粒径大小成负相关,与zeta电位绝对值成正相关。根据表1的结果,通过VC-亚硒酸钠反应体系,在一定浓度的亚硒酸钠的添加下,可有效降低溶液粒径,并增加Zeta电位,制备出的SeNPs-TP1和SeNPs-TP1相比也TP溶液更加稳定。但是,SeNPs-TP3的粒径反而增大,可能是因为亚硒酸盐添加过多,导致纳米硒与作为稳定剂的TP的比例增大,从而使纳米硒接触聚沉。
表1粒径和zeta电位
粒径/nm | zeta电位绝对值/mV | |
TP | 146.43±5.48 | 13.57±1.06 |
SeNPs-TP1 | 98.87±3.77 | 23.19±1.07 |
SeNPs-TP2 | 90.38±3.77 | 24.19±0.84 |
SeNPs-TP3 | 215.60±12.23 | 14.82±1.31 |
(4)纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的形貌
黄丝藻多糖和SeNPs-TP2的扫描结果如图5-图6所示,图5可以观察到黄丝藻多糖表面较为粗糙,呈现片状结构,有屑状堆积的特征。而从图6可以看出经过VC-亚硒酸钠反应体系处理后,黄丝藻表面出现了一些圆形颗粒物,主要由单个完整的球型颗粒紧密堆积而成,表明亚硒酸钠已被VC还原成纳米硒并与黄丝藻多糖形成了复合物。
(5)纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的抗氧化活性测定
a、DPPH自由基清除能力实验
配置0.01mmol/L的DPPH溶液(称取4mg DPPH,溶于无水乙醇,用容量瓶定容至100mL)和0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4mg/mL的黄丝藻多糖溶液。实验组(A1):加入黄丝藻多糖溶液1mL,加入配置好的DPPH溶液1mL,将样品混匀后避光静止反应30分钟。空白组(A2):加入1mL超纯水,加入1mLDPPH溶液将样品混匀后避光静止反应30分钟。对照组(A3):加入黄丝藻多糖溶液1mL,加入1mL无水乙醇,将样品混匀后避光静止反应30分钟。最后在417nm波长处测量吸光度。
b、羟自由基清除能力实验:使用Solarbio的羟自由基清除能力检测试剂盒进行测量。
c、超氧阴离子清除能力实验:使用Solarbio的超氧阴离子基清除能力检测试剂盒进行测量。
测试结果如下,选用目前最常用的高效抗氧化剂抗坏血酸作为阳性对照,所有结果如图7所示,需要说明的是,图7的A图-C图中不同浓度下的基准柱依次代表TP、VC、SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2和SeNPs-TP3。如以图7的A图为例,浓度为0.125mg/mL,基准柱从左到右依次表示TP、VC、SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2和SeNPs-TP3对羟自由基的清除能力。
图7的B图可以看出黄丝藻多糖在0.125-2mg/L范围内对DPPH具有一定的清除作用,但是对质量浓度存在依赖性,当黄丝藻多糖浓度为2mg/L时,对DPPH的清除率16.11%。SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2、SeNPs-TP3在2mg/L浓度时DPPH的清除率分别可以达到74.33%、80.16%、44.02%。
图7的A图中,黄丝藻多糖和纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物对羟自由基的清除能力与DPPH规律相似,当浓度达到2mg/L时黄丝藻多糖对羟自由基的清除率为39.1%,SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2、SeNPs-TP3三种纳米硒多糖分别为63.4%、70.14%、56.7%。
图7的C图中,黄丝藻在2mg/L浓度时超氧阴离子的清除能力为21.89%,SeNPs-TP1、SeNPs-TP2、SeNPs-TP3三种纳米硒多糖的清除率分别为47.1%、59.7%、41.9%。
由图7可以看出纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物抗氧化能力的提高与硒含量的增加之间应该存在一定的关联,但硒含量的增加并不一定会导致多糖抗氧化能力的增加,表明对多糖硒化的研究不应只关注硒含量的变化。此外,为证明纳米硒与黄丝藻多糖在抗氧化能力方面是否存在协同效应,发现2mg/L的SeNPs-TP2相比于同浓度纳米硒和TP单独处理都要比DPPH表现出更高的清除活性(图7中的D图)。
本发明以黄丝藻多糖为原料,黄丝藻多糖是提取来自黄丝藻(Tribonema sp.)的一种天然的β-葡聚糖,主要是葡萄糖通过β-1.3糖苷键连接而成,分子量<10kDa,含有丰富羟基,有助于分子间和分子内形成氢键。此外,研究发现黄丝藻多糖具有多种生物活性,如抗菌、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤等。因此,以黄丝藻多糖作为修饰剂或稳定剂,制备纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,兼具“硒+营养”的双重功效,而且两者还可能存在协同增效作用,为进一步开发富硒功能食品、药品或者动物饲料提供技术支撑。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,其特征在于,由黄丝藻多糖和亚硒酸钠经还原剂还原制备而成;黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠的质量比为1:0.5-2.5;黄丝藻多糖分子量为8.42kDa,黄丝藻多糖为β-葡聚糖,单糖组成为100%葡萄糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,其特征在于,黄丝藻多糖与亚硒酸钠的质量比为1:1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物,其特征在于,黄丝藻多糖的制备方法为:将黄丝藻藻体依次在含有3mM和18mM硝酸钠的mBG-11培养基中进行培养得到黄丝藻藻泥;将黄丝藻藻泥进行提取得到黄丝藻多糖。
4.一种权利要求1所述的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将黄丝藻多糖溶解于水中,加入亚硒酸钠,搅拌均匀加入还原剂溶液,搅拌12h,得到混合溶液;
步骤2、将混合溶液进行透析直至VC检测无红色变色反应,收集截留液干燥得到纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,黄丝藻多糖、水、亚硒酸钠的比例为100mg:120mL:50-250mg。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,还原剂溶液与黄丝藻多糖的比例为30-60mL:100mg,还原剂的浓度为0.1M。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,还原剂为VC。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,透析时使用的透析袋的截留分子量为3.5KDa,透析时间为48h。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,干燥为冷冻干燥。
10.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的纳米硒-黄丝藻多糖复合物在制备抗氧化剂中的应用。
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