CN1172882A - Modular construction systems for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloss modular construction system for buildings utilising pre-fabricated modular units. The moudles are laid in a preferred geometric layout that allows for the provision of verandah, courtyards, space for expansion. Amenities for washrooms and toilet are dividualised and are cnetrally positions. A series of basic modular unit comprising a plurality of self contained building units. The building units can easily be adapted for residentical dwelling units. offices and commercial premises.

Description

Modular construction systems for buildings

The present invention relates to the modular construction unit that particularly when building, the soil can effectively be utilized and be convenient to extend and reconstruct.The present invention be more particularly directed to build a house and build up various only door pockets room on the ground with a unit with three-dimensional module.The present invention also is particularly related to a unit with three-dimensional module and builds a house and each only door pocket room comprises at least one module, its not essential common module.Although the invention has been described in conjunction with household especially, the present invention is equally applicable to room such as education, office, commerce and office.

Extensive building construction generally is in a row to build many identical houses, separates with common wall between each house.This class layout is commonly referred to " Lian Dong house ".There is a highway in the place ahead in this Lian Dong house, after a lane can be arranged.Can there be a small rectangular lawn or a corridor in front, every house.Can there be a fritter courtyard at the back side in house.The design in Lian Dong house and layout generally can not be extended the house again.Because the house is arranged to long row one a long row, all there is a trail front and back, therefore can't effectively utilize the communal facilities of ground space and blowdown, draining and so on.

Although the design in each house is all identical with layout, when building each house, must lay the foundations respectively, upright sidewall, ceil, tubing, distribution cabling, dress roof, flooring or the like.Each work all must have the experienced operator to carry out.This class construction method has strengthened the cost in single house because of the intrinsic problem of this all work.

Adopt the modular construction unit to have advantage and benefit significantly, biggest advantage is that module and fixture and part can be in factory's medium quantity batch processing or assemblings.

Therefore an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of modular construction unit that is used for the cities and towns local-style dwelling houses that can extend or reconstruct later.

Another object of the present invention provides many only door pockets room, and wherein, each suite comprises at least one module, but preferably includes two modules, their not essential same modules altogether.

A further object of the present invention provides many only door pocket rooms that are made of module, and wherein, each module is equipped with various facilities in advance.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of modular construction unit that is used for the cities and towns local-style dwelling houses, and wherein, the local-style dwelling houses group who is made of many suites can have various layouts.

Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of modular construction unit that is used for the cities and towns local-style dwelling houses, and its structure is extremely simple, cost of manufacture is low, can effectively use the soil, be convenient to enlarging or reconstruction and have vacant lot to be used as courtyard and corridor.

From finding out that to knowing the explanation of its mechanical part and the preferred enforcement of the present invention others of the present invention, purpose and advantage, these preferred embodiments are not to limit the invention on a certain plan view or external Design or the layout or be limited on the house of a certain class.

The invention discloses a kind of modular building unit of more than one deck, described building unit comprises four lower floor's modules, at least one upper strata module, a tetragonal center module, wherein, four lower floor's modules are positioned at the Si Jiaochu of center quadrangle module, and at least one upper strata module and at least one lower floor's module generally perpendicularly are positioned at its top.

Another aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of modular building unit of more than one deck, described building unit comprises four lower floor's modules, at least one upper strata module, wherein, four lower floor's modules are positioned at a Si Jiaochu at the imaginary square or rectangular at these four lower floor module centers; And at least one upper strata module and at least one lower floor's module generally perpendicularly are positioned at its top.

One cover Du Men room can be that lower floor's module adds a upper strata module, also can be lower floor's module of lower floor's module or some adjacency.

According to a further aspect in the invention, upper strata or lower floor's module can expand at least on one side.

Each the modular building unit that is made of upper strata module and lower floor's module can connect into a component building unit, wherein, it is also orthogonal that each modular building unit is arranged to orthogonal and each next-door neighbour's of lower floor's module of building unit of each next-door neighbour the upper strata module of building unit.

One linkage for the people high and low between a lower layer components and the upper component parallel, relative with this lower layer components.

Each accompanying drawing example of this manual illustrates each preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these accompanying drawings are used for explaining the principle of the invention with manual.

Fig. 1 is the floor map of a unit of being made up of four one-storey houses of one embodiment of the invention;

The same Fig. 1 of Fig. 2, but do not have the center module;

Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of a unit that is made of quadruplet two floor rooms of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 A illustrates by being placed to the cover house that mutually perpendicular two modules constitute;

Fig. 4 B illustrates the cover house that can do various enlargings;

Fig. 5 illustrates the enlarging order of a set of modules formula house;

Fig. 6 for by a some lower floors module and a upper strata module constitute one the cover house lateral view;

Fig. 7 A is the plan view of lower floor's module of a group dwelling house; Fig. 7 B is the lateral view along Y-Y line among Fig. 7 A;

Fig. 8 A is the plan view of the upper strata module of a group dwelling house, and Fig. 8 B and 8C are respectively along the lateral view and the side cutaway view of X-X line among Fig. 7 A and Y-Y line;

Lower floor is shown in Fig. 9 letter and the upper strata module tightly is embedded in together;

Figure 10 letter illustrates levels module straight line and connects;

Figure 11 letter illustrates the various of two floor rooms and may arrange, each building is made of at least one lower floor's module and a upper strata module;

Figure 12 is the plan view of the bottom of Fig. 1 and unit shown in Figure 3;

Figure 13 is the plan view of the second floor of Fig. 1 and unit shown in Figure 3;

Figure 14 example illustrates the employed roof of embodiment of the invention pattern, various side wall and front wall;

Figure 15 letter illustrates in addition and tightly is embedded on the elementary cell C1 shown in Figure 3 with module;

Figure 16 letter illustrates in addition with unit C2 and C3 straight line or intersection and is close on the elementary cell C1;

Figure 17 letter illustrates and how to be close to elementary cell C1 across with unit C3 with straight line with unit C2.

Fig. 1 illustrates a unit that is made of four one-storey houses.This illustrates the Si Jiaochu that four modules are arranged symmetrically in a center module 4.This center module 4 is made of four independent duplicates, although in each duplicate different facilities can be arranged.In this center module 4 lavatory is arranged preferably.

Figure 12 and Figure 13 illustrate the details of bottom and second floor plan view.In another aspect of the present invention shown in Figure 2, these four one-storey houses are arranged in the imaginary square/rectangular four jiaos of places that are positioned at the center.In this embodiment, the facility in each duplicate of above-mentioned center module is arranged in each module.

If a cover house is made of two modules, then a module can be placed on the ground, and another module is as second floor.One end of this second floor module is by this bottom module support, other end upright supports.The placement parallel to each other but keep to the side in bottom module and second floor module limit.Perhaps, second floor module 8 can place on the top of bottom module 6 abreast.

" bottom module " speech can be with " lower floor's module " use instead by a speech.Novel feature of the present invention can be applicable to wherein bottom module and is erected on the pedestal and constitutes in the cover house of lower floor's module.

1 N of A of each bottom mould and adjacent module are mutually four jiaos of place's (see figure 1)s that 90 ° of ground are arranged in a center module C.Each upper strata module and lower floor's module separately are mutually 90 ° of ground along its length and are placed on the top of each bottom module A, and bottom module A can be divided into sitting room and kitchen with partition wall, and the upper strata module can be divided into each bedroom with partition wall.Bottom module A is with stair 18 link to each other with the upper strata module (seeing Fig. 8 A); Part stair 18 are near center module C.Every suit house comprise one bottom module A and become courtyard between 90 ° the adjacent bottom module A with it and bottom be positioned at corridor below the module B of upper strata.The bottom in each house in bottom module A the place ahead, this corridor is other that a lawn 24 arranged, the extension of upper strata module supports (seeing Fig. 4 A) with a column 26, this center module C is made of four lavatorys 28, each lavatory and is overlapped house and is linked to each other.

One of notable attribute of the present invention is its extremely flexibility, the property extended that particularly should the bilayer module.As long as to the bottom enlarging portion that reinforces or be strong enough to support, then can extend at column position down:

A) below upper strata module extension is tight;

B) bottom module top face;

C) with the corner of bottom module 6 and upper strata module 8 adjacency;

D) parallel adjacent space on opposite one side with the bottom module with upper strata module extension.

Obviously also can carry out other enlarging, as long as leave the space that to do this class enlarging on the ground outside Fig. 4 B indication space.Fig. 5 illustrates some enlarging that can carry out on this basic double-deck module.

Every suit house comprises at least one module.When this cover house comprised a more than module, the layout of this cover house was decided by the position of each module.In a kind of scheme of the present invention, a cover house that is made of two modules comprises a bottom module and a upper strata module, and this upper strata module can be placed (seeing Fig. 4 A, Fig. 3) with the bottom module is vertical or be placed on alignedly on the top of bottom module with the bottom module.The stair that connect bottom module and upper strata module can be positioned at module inside, also can be positioned at the module outside.

In the another kind of scheme of two modules of the present invention, one cover house, the upper strata module is placed on the bottom module of an adjacent cover house (seeing Fig. 3,6,7,8).This moment, stair generally led to the upper strata module along the outer wall of center module from bottom module.

In a group dwelling house shown in Figure 3, a cover house can have two with upper mould piece, and for example this group dwelling house of 8 modules can comprise the house of three modules of two covers, one cover and the house of two modules of a cover, one cover altogether.

Can be added to other module type suite on a group suite in various manners.For example available adjacent module links together two groups of suites along the mode that straight line " leans on " mutually, and wherein, the bottom module on module one side, center of a group suite leans on or adjacency with the upper strata module and the bottom module of adjacent a group suite mutually with the upper strata module.Can carry out this " straight line " repeatedly connects and forms a string suite group or module or second group of suite and can " along straight line " be connected on first group of suite, the factor " Y " but two groups of imaginary relatively common axis lines of suite stagger, wherein, " Y " can be any multiple of half length of module.

According to a further aspect in the invention, the second group of suite can with first group of suite " interlocking ", at this moment, a part of upper strata module of second group of suite and a part of bottom module lay respectively at the top of a bottom module of first group of suite and a upper strata module under.The adjacent suite of two faciations can be along common axis line interlocking (straight line interlocking).

The suite group can " be intersected " connection, and wherein, bare " interlocking " of the extension of the upper strata module of second group of suite and bottom module be the parallel (see figure 9) in ground (intersect interlocking) thereby keep to the side in module limit, two upper stratas.

But another aspect according to the present invention, two groups of suite interconnections like this, wherein, the elongated portion of second group upper strata module on the corner with the elongated portion of the upper strata module of first group of suite mutually by (see figure 10).

Thereby as can be seen, available above-mentioned various ways links together between the suite group who is made of 8 modules and center module, also be adjacent two groups of suites two modules can:

I) straight line leans on mutually;

Ii) straight line leans on but the factor that staggers " Y " mutually, and wherein, " Y " is the several times of half length of module;

Iii) directly interlocking;

Iv) intersect and lean on mutually;

V) intersect and rabbet.

Can find out also, can several crowds of suite be joined together more than one modes that promptly a part is that straight line leans on mutually, another part is the straight line interlocking, some is rabbeted for intersecting again.

Suite group's compound mode can also be added a cover certain part among the suite group and be changed, and for example adds a cover half the suite group who is made of 4 modules, rather than by 8 modules and the whole suite group that the center module constitutes.This combination also can further change adding a cover enlarging module such shown in Fig. 4 B in each group suite.

Figure 11 letter illustrates the order of erectting bimodulus spare suite with the linear sequence of type (i).Here, a cover house can directly be placed on that upper strata module on this bottom module constitutes or the upper strata module that directly is placed on the adjacent bottom module by a bottom module and constitutes by a bottom module and.Can successively numerous bimodulus spare suites be connected together by straight line, type (ii) in, a cover house is made of a bottom module and a upper strata module, and this upper strata module and this bottom module meet at right angles.Every suit house can be made of the upper strata module on a bottom module and this bottom module top or be made of a bottom module and the upper strata module on adjacent bottom module top.Type among Figure 11 (iii) illustrates mutually with 90 °, 180 ° and the 270 ° quadruplet a group houses that pile.Figure 11 illustrates how three groups of houses of 8 modules of each group are rabbeted to become a slice that is linked to be by at least 12 cover houses.

Assembling at the scene after if module is prefabricated, then available known method is fastened to a module on another module.The installation of the installation of other parts of roof and so on or door, window, partition wall, lavatory facility and so on is also carried out with known method.

Erect at the scene after module is can be in factory prefabricated.Also available existing method for composing constitutes module at the scene.The center module C that is made of four lavatorys 28 can load onto all washing annex and equipment equally.Module of the present invention can transport easily and be easy to and put in place with the light-duty machinery arrangement with truck and train.Can arrange the position of this unit, bedroom, kitchen and sitting room according to any habits and customs, can design arbitrarily in the total restrictive condition.Although this unit is according to structural meterials, no matter be that wood, concrete, metal plastics are best suited for two bedroom suites, but explanation of the present invention can be easy to many bedrooms suite of migrating.This device also can be used for apartment and non-inhabitation suite.

Being exposed at aerial end face and can adding a cover suitable roof of module.Can use the roof of different shape and design, this decides on economical and factor attractive in appearance, for example, and can be steel concrete, cement tile, mesh steel sheet, plastic plate as roof component (seeing Figure 14).The place ahead of each suite, the front wall 30 of the upper strata module that preferably stretches out can add modification and seem attractive in appearance.Equally, sidewall 34 also can be modified for attractive in appearance.Can directly on sidewall 30, modify, also can on sidewall 34, stick the sidewall 36 of one deck vacation.

Can be on existing suite the other suite (or suite group) of straight line interlocking, and the suite that these are added a cover is with straight line string (seeing Figure 16).Also can on existing suite, intersect and rabbet other suite.

Although use the module that is cast in advance by concrete that the present invention has been described in detail in detail above, the principle that suite group of the present invention can extend is equally applicable to wait other prefabricated module that becomes by brick and wood.

Although especially in conjunction with two floor cities and towns suites diagram and the present invention has been described, the aforesaid way that bottom, upper strata and center module is used in full duration household unit is equally applicable to apartment and non-livability rooms such as commerce, industry or factory.The invention is not restricted to two floor rooms.Basic configuration mode with bottom of the present invention, upper strata and center module can improve economy, flexibility and the property extended greatly.

Claims (26)

1, a kind of Modular construction systems for buildings is characterized in that, comprising:

Four modules, wherein, each module is positioned at a Si Jiaochu at the imaginary square or rectangular of four module centers.

2, a kind of Modular construction systems for buildings is characterized in that, comprising:

First four modules, wherein, each module is positioned at the Si Jiaochu of the 5th center module, and this center module is positioned at the center of these four modules.

3, a kind of Modular construction systems for buildings of more than one deck is characterized in that, described building unit comprises:

Four lower floor's modules;

At least one upper strata module;

One quadrangle center module;

Wherein, each lower floor's module is positioned at the Si Jiaochu of quadrangle center module, and one of at least one upper strata module and lower floor's module generally perpendicularly are positioned at its top.

4, a kind of Modular construction systems for buildings of more than one deck is characterized in that, described building unit comprises:

Four lower floor's modules;

At least one upper strata module;

Wherein, each lower floor's module is positioned at a Si Jiaochu at the imaginary square or rectangular at the center of these four bottom modules; One of at least one upper strata module and lower floor's module generally perpendicularly are positioned at its top.

5, a kind of building unit of more than one deck is characterized in that, described building unit comprises:

Four rectangle lower floor modules (A);

Four rectangle upper strata modules (B); And

One rectangle center module (C);

One for people's up-and-down linkage between lower floor's module and the upper strata module parallel, relative with described lower floor module,

Wherein, four rectangle lower floor modules (A); Be disposed generally on the Si Jiaochu of center module (C), rectangle lower floor module two in abutting connection with sidewall and center module (C) two or in a straight line in abutting connection with parallel sidewalls;

Each rectangle upper strata module (B) generally perpendicularly is positioned at its top with each lower floor's module (A).

By the described building unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that 6, this rectangle center module (C) is made of at least four lavatorys (28), each lavatory is as the lavatory of the lower floor's module that is close to it.

By the described building unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that 7, side space is as the corridor (22) of lower floor's module under the module extension of upper strata.

8,, it is characterized in that lower floor's module and the space between another vertical with it lower floor's module are used as the courtyard of this previous lower floor module by the described building unit of claim 1.

9, by at least two component building unit that are formed by connecting by the described building unit straight line of claim 1, it is characterized in that a upper strata module (B) of first building unit (C1) and lower floor's module (A) lay respectively at the top of lower floor's module of second building unit (C2) and the below of a upper strata module.

10, become one to plug together building unit by at least two by the described building unit interconnection of claim 5, it is characterized in that, a upper strata module of second building unit (C3) is positioned at the top of lower floor's module of first building unit (C4).

By a plurality of component building unit that constitute by the described building unit of claim 5, it is characterized in that 11, these building units (C1, C2) straight line each other connect.

12, by a plurality of component building unit that constitute by the described building unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that these building units (C1, C3) connection intersected with each other.

13, by a plurality of component building unit that constitute by the described building unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that these building units are connected to each other directly and interconnection.

14, by the described building unit of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 13, it is characterized in that the bare end face of lower floor, upper strata and center module covers with roof component.

15, by the described building unit of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 13, it is characterized in that at least one side wall of module comprises rakish false side wall (32,36).

By the described building unit of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 13, it is characterized in that 16, the module material therefor can be other constructional materials of using in steel concrete, wood, metal, glass or the construction industry or any combination of these materials.

17,, it is characterized in that this building unit can or be added a cover building unit simultaneously and extended at the superjacent air space of side space, lower floor's module end face under the module extension of upper strata in these two spaces by the described building unit of claim 5.

18, by the described building unit of claim 5, it is characterized in that this building unit can be used for household, non-household or household, non-household is used with.

19, by claim 5 or 18 described building units, it is characterized in that this cover house comprises: lower floor's module (A), relative with described lower floor module (A) and be used as the part of lavatory (28) and the stair (18) between the upper and lower layer module in on one side upper strata module (B), center module (C) at center module (C).

20, by the described building unit of claim 5, it is characterized in that this linkage is made of stair (18).

21,, it is characterized in that an a cover solely door house can be that lower floor's module adds a upper strata module or only is lower floor's module or is made up of a lower floor's module and an adjacent lower floor module by claim 3 or 4 described building units.

22, by claim 3 or 4 described building units, it is characterized in that the length and the width of the upper and lower module are roughly the same.

By claim 3 or 4 described building units, it is characterized in that 23, one side at least of the upper and lower module can be extended.

24, a kind of modular building unit that is made of a bottom module and a upper strata module is characterized in that, this upper strata module is positioned at the tight top of this bottom module and parallel with it.

25, a kind of modular building unit that is made of a bottom module and a upper strata module is characterized in that, this upper strata module be positioned at this bottom module tight top but with the longitudinal axis of this bottom module at an angle of 90.

By the described component building unit that constitutes by a plurality of modular building units of claim 9, it is characterized in that 26, it is orthogonal that these modular building units are arranged to the bottom module of mutual next-door neighbour's building unit.

Images