CN117281875A - 一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物及其制剂与应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物及其制剂与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物及其制剂与应用。所述中药组合物包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪30‑80克,赤芍10‑15克,当归15‑25克,川芎10‑15克,桃仁5‑15克,红花5‑10克,地龙5‑10克,全蝎5‑15克,胆南星10‑20克,桂枝5‑10克,路路通10‑15克,延胡索10‑15克,白芍30‑45克,甘草10‑15克,石菖蒲10‑15克,制川乌10‑15克,制草乌10‑15克,远志10‑15克,生麦芽10‑20克,天麻10‑15克,焦山楂10‑15g。本发明中药组合物治疗脑梗死恢复期具有良好的效果,尤其适用于以瘀、虚为主,或兼有痰症者。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及中药领域,特别涉及一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物及其制剂与应用。
背景技术
卒中,亦称脑血管意外,中医称之“中风”,是高患病率、高致残率、高病死率的脑部疾病,严重危害着人类的健康。近年来,随着老龄化加重,人民的生活水平日益提高,心脑血管疾病患者亦呈直线升高及年轻化趋势。尤其是脑梗死患者的发病率呈上升趋势。临床症状主要为肢体偏瘫、失语、吞咽困难、头晕等。一旦发生本病,多数患者需要长期的康复治疗,给患者及家庭带来一定的经济负担。祖国医学认为本病的发生当则之于风、火、气、痰、瘀、虚,临床中发现,琼海地区患者多以瘀、虚多见,少数合并以痰,考虑沿海地区饮食多咸有关。咸味入于血分,五脏入于肾,《素问·五藏生成》曰:“是故多食咸,则脉凝泣而变色”。由于本病服药、康复时间较长,导致患者依从性差,而且药效欠佳。
发明内容
鉴于此,本申请提出一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物及其制剂与应用。
我科临床治疗中发现本发明中药组合物所制备中药膏方治疗本病是见效快、服用方便、口感好,患者依从性高,本方案在为患者减轻病痛的同时,又能改善体质,减少复发,节约治疗费用,绿色安全,可在临床上推广。
本申请的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪30-80克,赤芍10-15克,当归15-25克,川芎10-15克,桃仁5-15克,红花5-10克,地龙5-10克,全蝎5-15克,胆南星10-20克,桂枝5-10克,路路通10-15克,延胡索10-15克,白芍30-45克,甘草10-15克,石菖蒲10-15克,制川乌10-15克,制草乌10-15克,远志10-15克,生麦芽10-20克,天麻10-15克,焦山楂10-15g。
进一步的,所述中药组合物还包括以下原料:钩藤10-15克,陈皮10-15克,苍术10-15克,黄芩5-9g,茯苓15-25克,丹参15-20克。
进一步的,所述的中药组合物,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,甘草15克,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g。
进一步的,所述的中药组合物,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,炙甘草15克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克,钩藤10克,陈皮10克,苍术15克,黄芩5g,茯苓20克,丹参15克。
一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药膏剂,由本发明任一项的中药组合物制得。
本发明所述的中药组合物在制备治疗脑梗死恢复期药物中应用。
与现有技术相比,本申请的有益效果是:
本发明膏方由君方、臣方、佐方等组成,膏方药味多,组方复杂,注重整体调理,用于治疗脑梗死恢复期具有良好的效果。
君方中,以黄芪为君药,大补脾胃之气,中风恢复期患者久病耗气,气为血之母、气率血行,瘀去络通;当归养血活血为臣药,化瘀而不伤血,祛瘀而不伤正;佐以活血祛瘀的赤芍、川芎、桃仁、红花、桂枝,既能活血祛瘀,又能引气入血,气血相溶,气率血行,使瘀去血行血生,桂枝不仅可以助阳化气,游客温通经脉,《神农本草经》认为桂枝可利关节、补中气,配合补气活血诸药可佐助以通经活络、通利关节;地龙、全蝎通经活络力专为使药,全蝎善通络息风,地龙善通经活络,二者合用可助其他药增强祛瘀通络之功,诸药合用共奏益气活血、化瘀通络,共为君方。
臣方中,制川乌、制草乌辛热峻烈,既能祛风除湿,又善温经散寒,散除经络中之邪气,通络止痛力宏,故为君药;胆南星辛温燥烈,祛风散寒,燥湿化痰,能除经络之风湿顽痰,苍术燥湿健脾,又能祛风散寒,《神农本草经》认为本药主风寒湿痹死肌,助君药以通痹活络,散筋脉之邪,共为臣药;地龙咸寒,可平肝息风,又善行走窜、通经活络,丹参活血祛瘀,通经止痛,二者共用以通络祛瘀,为佐药;诸药合用共奏化痰通络、活血止痛,白芍酸甘寒,酸甘化阴,养血调营卫,柔肝止痛,炙甘草甘温,缓急止痛,二药相伍,酸甘化阴,调和肝脾,共奏酸甘化阴、缓急止痛,专门针对中风恢复期患者的肢体疼痛、麻木不仁等症状;诸药合用共为臣方。
佐方中,天麻归肝经、息风定惊,与石菖蒲合用以开窍豁痰、清利脑窍、益智醒神,二者合用共为君药;远志安神益智、交通心肾,钩藤甘凉归肝、心包经,可息风定惊,清热平肝,二者合用以安神定志为臣药,助君药以清利脑窍。胆南星化痰醒神,茯苓健脾祛湿,宁心安神,《用药心法》云:茯苓,淡能利窍,甘以助阳,与胆南星合用可祛湿化痰,陈皮辛温,归肺、脾经,功善理气健脾,燥湿化痰,与茯苓合用可健脾祛湿,以治疗生痰之源,三药共用以佐助君药以通窍导痰;诸药共奏散风活络、通窍导痰,以去除经络中之痰邪,共为佐方。
使以路路通、延胡索行气活血,通络止痛,助君方以行脉中之瘀血,焦山楂、生麦芽即可助消化、防止诸药滋腻碍胃,又可行气。全方共奏化瘀通络、益气活血、化痰散邪,对脑梗死后遗症发挥改善肢体乏力、麻木、疼痛之效,提高肌力改善肌张力,促进瘫痪肢体恢复功能。
本发明膏方适用于以瘀、虚为主,或兼有痰症者,不宜用于风、火、气为主症者。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本申请技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本申请做进一步的说明。
本申请实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本申请实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
中药配方:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,炙甘草15克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克。
上述中药选用北京康仁堂颗粒剂,将所有中药颗粒剂倒入特制容器(中药房膏方制备机器),加入适量自来水及100mL黄酒,武火熬至开锅,调至文火并持续搅拌,熬制1小时左右,加入麦芽糖100-200g收膏,装瓶,晾膏,密封。
实施例2
中药配方:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,炙甘草15克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克,钩藤10克,陈皮10克,苍术15克,黄芩5g,茯苓20克,丹参15克。
上述中药选用北京康仁堂颗粒剂,将所有中药颗粒剂倒入特制容器(中药房膏方制备机器),加入适量自来水及100mL黄酒,武火熬至开锅,调至文火并持续搅拌,熬制1小时左右,加入麦芽糖100-200g收膏,装瓶,晾膏,密封。
一、临床研究
1.一般资料
本研究根据中国卒中学会(CSA)2019年制定的《中国脑血管病临床管理指南》制定脑梗死恢复期诊断标准,国家中医药管理局《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94)制定诊断标准和疗效评价标准,将符合纳入标准的病例按照就诊先后顺序随机分为研究组1、研究组2和对照组,各50例。年龄:40-65周岁,不限性别。
2.临床表现
①症状:半身不遂,口舌斜,肢体瘫软,偏身麻木,言语不利,手足肿胀;
②次症:面色淡白,气短乏力,心悸自汗;
③舌脉:舌质暗淡或有瘀斑、苔薄白或白腻、脉细缓或细涩。
3.诊断标准
(1)西医诊断标准
主要根据中国卒中学会(CSA)2019年制定的《中国脑血管病临床管理指南》制定脑梗死恢复期诊断标准拟定:
(1)以半身不遂,口舌歪斜,舌强言襄,偏身麻木,其则神志恍惚、迷蒙、神昏、昏愦为主症。
(2)发病急骤,有渐进发展过程。病前多有头晕头痛、肢体麻木等先兆。
(3)常有年老体衰,、劳倦内伤,嗜好烟酒、膏梁厚味等因素。每因恼怒、劳累、酗酒、感寒等诱发。
(4)神经系统查体有病理性体征,颅脑CT、磁共振检查提示存在脑梗死、或大脑动脉闭塞。
(2)中医诊断标准主要参考国家中医药管理局《中医病证诊断疗效标准》
(ZY/T001.1-94)中的气虚血瘀中医辨证标准拟定:
①主症:半身不遂,口舌斜,肢体瘫软,偏身麻木,言语不利,手足肿胀;
②次症:面色淡白,气短乏力,心悸自汗;
③舌脉:舌质暗淡或有瘀斑、苔薄白或白腻、脉细缓或细涩。
4.纳入标准
(1)符合上述诊断标准,脑梗死发病1个月以上六个月以内。
(2)年龄18岁到75岁之间。
(3)有高血压、糖尿病、心脏病病史者,血压、血糖控制平稳,生命体征平稳。(4)脑梗死病史已超过半年。
(5)无癫痫、严重肝肾疾病、其他严重慢性病者。
5.排除及剔除标准
(1)发病1个月内、或者6个月以上
(2)中医辩证属于实证,不属于气虚血瘀症者。
(3)治疗过程中突发病情加重、新发肺部感染、泌尿系感染等新症者。突发收缩压大于180mmHg或者血糖大于20mmol/l,且难以控制者则剔除。
(4)有精神病等无独立民事行为能力者。
6.治疗方法与疗程
研究组1:给予实施例1的膏剂,每天约15g,温水冲服,4周为1疗程,总治疗时间为1疗程,即4周。
研究组2:给予实施例2的膏剂,每天约15g,温水冲服,4周为1疗程,总治疗时间为1疗程,即4周。
对照组:给予阿司匹林肠溶片,每天1次,每天服用50mg,2周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程,总治疗时间为4周。
7.疗效观察
(1)疗效评价标准
显效:治疗后患者症状基本消失,神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)下降≥90%,患者生活基本自理;
有效:治疗后患者症状明显改善,神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)评分下降60%~90%,患者可进行简单的日常活动;
无效:以上指标均无明显改善;
总有效率=显效率+有效率。
(2)康复指标
评价标准:
①使用神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)评分评价患者神经功能恢复情况,分值0~42分,分值越低表示神经功能恢复越好;
②使用日常生活功能水平量表(ADL)评价患者的日常活动能力,ADL评分越高表明日常活动能力越好;
③使用Fugel-Meyer(FMA)评定量表评价患者的肢体运动功能,FMA评分越高表明运动障碍越轻微,分别记录上下肢FMA评分。
8.1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS20.0软件,计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
9.效果数据
表1治疗效果
总例数 | 显效(例) | 有效(例) | 无效(例) | 总有效率(%) | |
研究组1 | 50 | 14 | 26 | 10 | 80% |
研究组2 | 50 | 16 | 27 | 7 | 86% |
对照组 | 50 | 4 | 27 | 19 | 62% |
由表1可知,相比对照组,研究组治疗后总有效率有明显提高(P<0.05)。
表2治疗后康复情况(x±s)
表3治疗后康复情况(x±s)
由表2-3可知,治疗前三组NIHSS评分、ADL分值、上下肢FMA分值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,研究组1-2的NIHSS评分较前减少明显,ADL分值、上下肢FMA分值改善明显,差异具有可比性(P<0.05),可见研究组1-2康复效果更佳。
二、临床应用
病例1:患者史某,男,70岁,主诉:右侧肢体乏力3月余。患者缘于3月余前无明显诱因出现右侧肢体乏力、头晕,呈昏沉感,无视物模糊,言语稍不利,遂至我科住院,诊断:1.多发性脑梗死(急性);2.高血压3级(极高危);3.2型糖尿病;4.胃恶性肿瘤个人史。治疗上予监测血压、血糖,控制血压、血糖、抑酸护胃,营养支持、改善循环、活血化瘀等对治疗后症状稍好转,仍遗留有右侧肢体乏力、言语不利。今为求进一步系统治疗,遂再次来我科住院治疗。入院症见:患者神清、精神可,右侧肢体乏力、麻木,言语稍不利,偶有饮水饮食呛咳,无恶心呕吐,无头晕头痛,偶有咳嗽咳痰,偶有腹胀,无腹痛,小便可大便干,无气促等其他不适。既往有高血压病3级(高危)病史23年余,血压最高达180mm/100Hg,近期规律口服硝氨氯地平片5mg qd,自诉血压控制可。有2型糖尿病病史4年,近期规律服用二甲双胍0.5g tid控制血糖,自诉血糖控制尚可,2013年因胃Ca行胃部分切除术。查体:T:36.6℃、P:74次/分、R:20次/分、BP:130/80mmHg,心肺及腹部查体未见明显异常。专科查体:意识清楚,定向力、计算力、记忆力正常,双侧皱眉对称,双侧鼻唇沟无变浅,咽反射存在、伸舌不偏,左侧上下肢肌力及肌张力正常,右侧上肢近端肌力4-级,远端肌力2级,左侧下肢近端肌力4级,远端肌力2级,病理征阴性。NIHSS评分3分,ADL评分60分,上肢FMA评分5分,下肢FMA评分7分。舌淡暗苔白稍厚脉沉细,中医诊断:缺血性中风(气虚血瘀症),西医诊断:1.多发性脑梗死(恢复期);2.高血压3级(极高危);3.2型糖尿病;4.胃恶性肿瘤个人史。
给予实施例2膏剂1个疗程,每天约15g,温水冲服。治疗2周后再次评分:NIHSS评分2分,ADL评分65分,上肢FMA评分35分,下肢FMA评分40分。治疗4周后再次评分:NIHSS评分0分,ADL评分90分,上肢FMA评分51分,下肢FMA评分54分。患者基本生活自理,治疗有效。
病例2:患者符某,女,66岁,主诉:左侧肢体乏力、麻木4个月。患者于2023年4月无明显诱因出现左侧肢体乏力、麻木,头晕、呈头部昏沉感,与体位改变无关,意识清楚,口角稍向右侧歪斜,自行口服安宫牛黄丸后症状未见好转,遂至我院神经内科住院治疗,诊断为:1.急性脑梗死;2.高血压病3级(高危);3.大脑动脉粥样硬化;4.脑动脉狭窄。经抗血小板聚集、改善循环等对症治疗后,头晕症状改善,遗留有左侧肢体乏力、麻木。今患者为求进一步康复治疗,遂至我科住院治疗,入院症见:患者神清、精神一般,左侧肢体乏力、麻木,口角稍向右侧歪斜,构音清晰,偶有饮水呛咳,纳眠一般,余无特殊。既往有高血压病3级(高危)病史5年余,收缩压最高达180mmHg,近期规律口服硝苯地平控释片30mg qd,血压控制可。查体:T:36.6℃、P:74次/分、R:20次/分、BP:130/80mmHg
心肺及腹部查体未见明显异常。专科查体:意识清楚,定向力、计算力、记忆力正常,双侧皱眉对称,左侧鼻唇沟变浅,露齿口角稍偏向右侧,咽反射稍减弱、伸舌偏右,右侧上下肢肌力及肌张力正常,左侧上肢近端肌力3级,远端肌力2级,左侧下肢近端肌力4-级,远端肌力2级,左侧巴宾斯基征阳性,余病理征阴性。NIHSS评分6分,ADL评分50分,上肢FMA评分5分,下肢FMA评分15分。舌淡暗苔白脉沉细,中医诊断:缺血性中风(气虚血瘀症),西医诊断:1.脑梗死(恢复期);2.高血压病3级(高危);3.大脑动脉粥样硬化;4.脑动脉狭窄。
治疗上予实施例1膏剂1个疗程,每天约15g,温水冲服。治疗2周后再次评分:NIHSS评分4分,ADL评分70分,上肢FMA评分35分,下肢FMA评分39分。治疗4周后再次评分:NIHSS评分1分,ADL评分90分,上肢FMA评分49分,下肢FMA评分53分。患者基本生活自理,治疗有效。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药组合物,其特征在于,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪30-80克,赤芍10-15克,当归15-25克,川芎10-15克,桃仁5-15克,红花5-10克,地龙5-10克,全蝎5-15克,胆南星10-20克,桂枝5-10克,路路通10-15克,延胡索10-15克,白芍30-45克,甘草10-15克,石菖蒲10-15克,制川乌10-15克,制草乌10-15克,远志10-15克,生麦芽10-20克,天麻10-15克,焦山楂10-15g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物还包括以下原料:钩藤10-15克,陈皮10-15克,苍术10-15克,黄芩5-9g,茯苓15-25克,丹参15-20克。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,甘草15克,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g。
4.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括以下比例的中药原料:黄芪60克,赤芍15克,当归20克,川芎10克,桃仁10克,红花10克,地龙10克,全蝎10克,胆南星15克,桂枝10克,路路通15克,延胡索10克,白芍45克,甘草15克,石菖蒲16克,制川乌10克,制草乌10克,远志15克,生麦芽20克,天麻10克,焦山楂10g,钩藤10克,陈皮10克,苍术15克,黄芩5g,茯苓20克,丹参15克。
5.一种治疗脑梗死恢复期中药膏剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1-5任一项的中药组合物制得。
6.权利要求1-5所述的中药组合物在制备治疗脑梗死恢复期药物中应用。
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