CN111759995B - 防治颈椎病的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
防治颈椎病的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用。所述中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:葛根30~150份、桂枝30~150份、白芍30~150份、炙甘草15~150份、黄芪30~150份、川芎30~150份、威灵仙15~150份、羌活15~75份、防风15~75份、姜黄15~75份、苍术15~75份和鸡血藤30~150份。本发明的中药组合物对颈椎病符合风寒湿型、气滞血瘀的中医证型患者疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,特别是涉及一种防治颈椎病的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
现代研究显示,颈椎病多由颈部长期压迫导致颈部肌肉、韧带和筋膜组织长期处于疲劳状态,进而形成一种慢性劳损和关节囊韧带松弛,最终导致椎间盘发生改变,导致颈背部出现疼痛和麻木症状。
目前,颈椎病以风寒湿型以及气滞血瘀证较为常见。西医对颈椎病的治疗分手术与保守两大方面,保守治疗适用于神经根型颈椎病,轻度颈椎间盘突出症及颈型颈椎病,早期脊髓型颈椎病,颈椎病的诊断尚未肯定而需一边治疗一边观察者,全身情况差,不能耐受手术者,手术恢复期的病人。保守治疗主要有:制动法、运动疗法、物理疗法、药物疗法。临床上各种疗法均有一定效果,但对颈椎病的针对性不强,疗效欠佳。镇痛药和镇定剂乃西医为减轻患者疼痛而使用的常规药剂,临床应用广泛,但长期实践证实,镇痛药使用后患者容易出现一些不良反应情况,包括恶心呕吐、轻微头晕等,对患者的生理健康产生严重影响,甚至因为影响患者正常睡眠而导致疾病反弹现象。为此,如何寻找一种有效性和安全性较高的治疗方式非常重要。
中医中,张仲景《伤寒论》记载:“太阳病、项背强几几、反汗出恶风者,桂枝加葛根汤主之”,反映出桂枝加葛根汤主治风寒湿外袭肌表,太阳经经气不舒,津液不能敷布,经脉失去濡养,而致颈项部脉络闭塞而强痛,肩背部拘紧不舒,主治太阳病经气不舒,经脉气血痹阻之症。该方包括桂枝、芍药、生姜、炙甘草、大枣、葛根,临床应用广泛,但其着重以祛风除湿、温经通脉为主,对久病入络、气血不畅的病人效果欠佳。
发明内容
基于此,本发明的目的是提供一种预防和/或治疗颈椎病的中药组合物,其对于颈椎病符合风寒湿型、气滞血瘀的中医证型患者疗效显著。
具体技术方案如下:
一种防治颈椎病的中药组合物,其活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根30~150份、桂枝30~150份、白芍30~150份、炙甘草15~150 份、黄芪30~150份、川芎30~150份、威灵仙15~150份、羌活15~75份、防风15~75份、姜黄15~75份、苍术15~75份和鸡血藤30~150份。
在其中一些实施例中,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根60~120份、桂枝60~120份、白芍40~120份、炙甘草20~120 份、黄芪60~120份、川芎40~120份、威灵仙20~120份、羌活30~70 份、防风30~70份、姜黄20~60份、苍术30~70份和鸡血藤40~120份。
在其中一些实施例中,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根80~110份、桂枝80~110份、白芍50~110份、炙甘草25~110 份、黄芪80~110份、川芎50~110份、威灵仙25~110份、羌活40~70 份、防风40~70份、姜黄25~60份、苍术40~70份和鸡血藤50~110份。
在其中一些实施例中,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根100±5份、桂枝100±5份、白芍60±5份、炙甘草30±5份、黄芪100±5份、川芎60±5份、威灵仙30±5份、羌活60±5份、防风60±5 份、姜黄30±5份、苍术60±5份和鸡血藤60±5份。
在其中一些实施例中,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根 100±5份 桂枝 100±5份 白芍 100±5份 炙甘草 100±5份
黄芪 100±5份 川芎 100±5份 威灵仙 100±5份 羌活 50±5份
防风 50±5份 姜黄 50±5份 苍术 50±5份 鸡血藤 100±5份。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述的中药组合物在制备防治颈椎病的药物中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按配比称取上述的原料,加提取溶剂提取。
在其中一些实施例中,所述提取溶剂为水、乙醇或乙醇水溶液。优选提取溶剂为水。
在其中一些实施例中,所述提取的方式为加热回流提取或煎煮。
在其中一些实施例中,当提取方式为煎煮时,所述中药组合物的制备包括:按配比称取上述的原料,加入原料5~15倍重量的提取溶剂,煎煮至煎煮液体积减少3~5倍,滤过,滤渣再加入原料5~10倍重量的提取溶剂,煎煮至煎煮液体积减少2~4倍,滤过,合并滤液。
在其中一些实施例中,所述加热回流提取的次数为1~3次,每次提取的时间为0.5~1.5h。
在其中一些实施例中,所述加热回流提取后还包括浓缩步骤,所述浓缩为减压浓缩。
在其中一些实施例中,所述减压浓缩为浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种防治颈椎病的中药制剂,包括上述的中药组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
在其中一些实施例中,所述中药制剂为口服制剂。优选自片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、混悬剂、粉剂和溶液剂中的一种,最优选的是颗粒剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述的防治颈椎病的中药制剂的制备方法,所述中药制剂为颗粒剂,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取上述的中药组合物,干燥,粉碎,得药粉;
(2)将步骤(1)所得药粉与所述辅料混合制软材,再干燥,整粒。
本发明的防治颈椎病的中药组合物所用中药原料的药理如下:
葛根,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性甘、辛,凉。归脾、胃、肺经。解肌退热,生津止渴,透疹,升阳止泻,通经活络,解酒毒。用于外感发热头痛,项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻,眩晕头痛,中风偏瘫,胸痹心痛,酒毒伤中。
桂枝,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性辛、甘,温。归心、肺、膀胱经。发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
白芍,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性苦、酸,微寒。归肝、脾经;养血调经,敛阴止汗,柔肝止痛,平抑肝阳。用于血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗,胁痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,头痛眩晕。
炙甘草,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾和胃,益气复脉。用于脾胄虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代。
黄芪,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性甘,微温。归肺、脾经。补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹,托毒排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,半身不遂,痹痛麻木,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛。
川芎,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性辛,温。归肝、胆、心包经。活血行气,祛风止痛。用于胸痹心痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,月经不调,经闭痛经,癥瘕腹痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。
威灵仙,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性辛、咸,温。归膀胱经。祛风湿,通经络。用于风湿痹痛,肢体麻木,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利。
羌活,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性辛、苦,温。归膀胱、肾经。解表散寒,祛风除湿,止痛。用于风寒感冒,头痛项强,风湿痹痛,肩背酸痛。
防风,收录于《中国药典》2015版,性辛、甘,微温。归膀胱、肝、脾经。祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。
姜黄,收录于《中国药典》2015版,辛、苦,温。归脾、肝经。破血行气,通经止痛。用于胸胁刺痛,胸痹心痛,痛经经闭,癥瘕,风湿肩臂疼痛,跌扑肿痛。
苍术,收录于《中国药典》2015版,辛、苦,温。归脾、胃、肝经。燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。用于湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿躄,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲,眼目昏涩。
鸡血藤,收录于《中国药典》2015版,苦、甘,温。归肝、肾经。活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络。用于月经不调,痛经,经闭,风湿痹痛,麻木瘫痪,血虚萎黄。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的防治颈椎病的中药组合物,本方是由葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、羌活、防风、姜黄、苍术、鸡血藤组成,方中桂枝辛温,温经通脉,解肌发表而祛在表之风寒;葛根升阳解肌,以解项背之痉挛拘急,二者共奏解肌舒筋之效,共为君药。白芍酸甘而凉,益阴敛营,配合甘草酸甘化阴,养肝血以充柔肝缓急止痛;黄芪甘温,补气升阳,益卫固表,以补正气防御邪气;共为臣药。“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹”,羌活辛苦温,解表散寒,祛风渗湿止痛,入膀胱经;威灵仙祛风渗湿,通络止痛,舒筋活络,通行十二经,且可引药入骨,共为引经药。防风辛甘微温,功善祛风,并能胜湿止痛;苍术辛苦温,功善燥湿健脾,又能祛风散寒,二者合用共祛风寒湿之邪。痹症日久,气血瘀滞脉络之中,川芎辛温,行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛;姜黄辛温,功善破血行气,通经止痛;二者共同行气活血止痛。久病入络,鸡血藤甘苦温,可以补血行血,通经活络止痛。诸药合用,全方共奏解肌舒筋,祛风胜湿,通络止痛之功效。
此外,本发明处方的组成饮片均为常见药材,价格低廉,材料易得,适合推广应用。
附图说明
具体实施方式
本发明下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。实施例中所用到的各种常用化学试剂,均为市售产品。
除非另有定义,本发明所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不用于限制本发明。
本发明的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或模块,而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤,或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤。
在本发明中提及的“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”,描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本实施方式提供一种防治颈椎病的中药组合物,其活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根30~150份、桂枝30~150份、白芍30~150份、炙甘草15~150 份、黄芪30~150份、川芎30~150份、威灵仙15~150份、羌活15~75份、防风15~75份、姜黄15~75份、苍术15~75份和鸡血藤30~150份。
优选地,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根60~120份、桂枝60~120份、白芍40~120份、炙甘草20~120 份、黄芪60~120份、川芎40~120份、威灵仙20~120份、羌活30~70 份、防风30~70份、姜黄20~60份、苍术30~70份和鸡血藤40~120份。
进一步优选地,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根80~110份、桂枝80~110份、白芍50~110份、炙甘草25~110 份、黄芪80~110份、川芎50~110份、威灵仙25~110份、羌活40~70 份、防风40~70份、姜黄25~60份、苍术40~70份和鸡血藤50~110份。
进一步优选地,所述防治颈椎病的中药组合物的活性成分由包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根100±5份、桂枝100±5份、白芍60±5份、炙甘草30±5份、黄芪100±5份、川芎60±5份、威灵仙30±5份、羌活60±5份、防风60±5 份、姜黄30±5份、苍术60±5份和鸡血藤60±5份。
本发明所述“防治”是指预防和/或治疗。
本发明的中药组合物的以上原料组成中,重量是以生药量计算,若以克为单位,该组成可制成药物制剂100~1000剂,所述1000剂是指制成的成品药物制剂,如制成胶囊制剂1000粒,片剂1000片,颗粒剂1000克,口服液1000mL 等。以上组成,若以克为单位,可制成50~1000次服用的剂量制剂,如作为片剂,制成1000片,每次服用量可以是1~10片,共可服用100~1000次。如作为颗粒剂,可制成250袋,每次服用1~2袋,共可服用125~250次。以上组成是按重量作为分配比例的,在生产时可按照相应的比例增大或减少,如大规模生产可以以千克为单位,或以吨为单位,但各组成之间的药材重量配比的比例不变。
本发明所述的辅料是指中药组合物制成药物制剂时,为解决制剂的成型性、有效性、稳定性、安全性加入处方中除主药以外的一切符合国家相关技术要求的药用物料。包括但不限于溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、矫嗅剂、抗黏合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂和释放阻滞剂中的至少一种。
具体地,所述辅料包括但不限于淀粉、糊精、蔗糖、甘露醇、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、甘油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、碳酸钙、硬脂酸镁、乳糖、微晶纤维素、硫酸钙、预胶化淀粉、磷酸氢钙、氧化镁、水、乙醇、羟丙基纤维素(HPMC)、聚维酮(PVP)、淀粉浆、糖浆、干淀粉、羟丙基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、泡腾崩解剂、交联聚维酮、滑石粉、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇、微粉硅胶、硅衍生物、二氧化钛、日落黄、亚甲基蓝、药用氧化铁红、丙烯酸树脂、羟丙甲纤维素、聚维酮、纤维醋法酯、注射用水、乙醇、丙二醇、盐酸、乳酸、氢氧化钠啊、枸橼酸、枸橼酸钠、酒石酸、酒石酸钠、亚硫酸钠、焦硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-NA2)、苯酚、苯甲醇、硫柳汞、氯化钠和葡萄糖中的至少一种。
优选地,所述辅料选自淀粉、糊精、蔗糖、甘露醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、甘油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、碳酸钙、硬脂酸镁、表面活性剂、矫味剂、矫嗅剂、着色剂和防腐剂中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明的所述中药制剂,以在所述中药制剂中的质量百分比计,所述辅料为淀粉1~50wt%、糊精1~50wt%、蔗糖1~10wt%、甘露醇1~10 wt%、硅衍生物0.1~10wt%、纤维素及其衍生物0.1~20wt%、藻酸盐0.1~ 10wt%、明胶0.1~10wt%、甘油1~20wt%、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.1~5wt%、琼脂0.1~5wt%、碳酸钙1~10wt%、表面活性剂0.01~2wt%、矫味矫嗅剂 0.001~1wt%、着色剂0.001~1wt和防腐剂0.01~5wt%的一种或其几种的组合。
本发明的中药制剂在使用时根据病人情况确定用法用量,可每日服用三次,每次1~10剂,如:1~10粒或片。
流行病学及临床观察显示,风寒湿型是颈椎病中医临床最常见的证型,其次为气滞血瘀型。一些研究发现,颈椎病患者存在不同程度的血液流变学异常,这正是气滞血瘀病机的内在反映。故治疗上需重视兼顾这两个证型的治疗,而不是单纯祛风除湿治疗或单纯活血化瘀治疗。本发明活血止痛药有川芎、姜黄、鸡血藤,其中川芍味辛、性温,归肝胆心包经,其性走而不守,能上行头巅,下达血海,外彻皮毛,旁通四肢,为“血中之气药”,具有行气开郁、祛风燥湿、活血止痛的功效,为临床治疗疼痛病症时常用药物,现代药理研究显示其可抑制血小板聚集,并可改善血流瘀滞,以恢复正常的血液供应。姜黄中提取的姜黄素则具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凝、降脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、消除自由基等作用。鸡血藤主要成分为鸡血藤醇、铁质、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇及谷甾醇等,动物实验显示可抗血小板聚集、抗动脉粥样硬化、降低血管阻力等,另外鸡血藤可促进造血,能使血红细胞增加,血红蛋白升高,可活血同时补血,《本草纲目拾遗》曰“大补气血,与老人妇女更为得益”;《饮片新参》“去瘀血,生新血,流利经脉”,鸡血藤对久病气血瘀滞可达到补血活血之功。本发明选择川芎、姜黄、鸡血藤三者复配,发现有很好的行气活血止痛之力,适于气滞血瘀型患者。同时,流行病学及临床观察显示,风寒湿是颈椎病的重要诱因之一。动物实验证实风寒湿刺激可以导致颈部力学失衡。临床研究也显示风寒湿型是颈椎病中医临床最常见的证型,因此,祛风胜湿治疗也十分重要。本发明中药组合物中的防风,味辛、微甘,性温,具有解表祛风、止痉、胜湿之功效,《神农本草经》中被列为上品,主治外感风寒、周身疼痛、头痛目眩、风寒湿痹、骨节疼痛等证,而现代研究也鉴定出其在解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌等方面显示出积极的作用。羌活为祛风湿药,历代本草典籍对羌活药性、功用认识及其复方在临床中的应用提示羌活具有祛风止痛作用,临床多用于外感所致头身关节疼痛、风湿痹痛等,配伍本发明组合物中的川芎可增强其疗效。本发明的中药组合物中的苍术有较强化湿之力,苍术为菊科植物茅苍术或北苍术的干燥根茎,其味辛、苦,性温,归脾、胃、肝经,具有燥湿健脾、祛风散寒的功效,搭配姜黄、川芎活血化瘀,疗效更佳。因此,本发明的中药组合物通过将防风、羌活和苍术三味药组合,具有很好的祛风除湿之力,搭配姜黄、川芎活血化瘀,疗效更佳。
综上,本发明的中药组合物对于符合风寒湿型、气滞血瘀的中医证型的颈椎病患者具有显著的消炎镇痛、改善循环作用,疗效好。
本发明处方的组成饮片均为常见药材,价格低廉,材料易得,安全方便,副作用小,适合推广应用。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
防治颈椎病的中药颗粒剂(以下简称:项痹通颗粒)的制备:
[处方]
[制备工艺]
1.准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、羌活、防风、姜黄、苍术、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入饮片质量2倍量的水浸泡30min,加水,回流提取3次,分别为1.5,1,1小时,第一次加水10倍量,第二、三次分别加水8倍量,合并滤液,低温减压浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)的浸膏,喷雾干燥/真空干燥,粉碎成细粉,备用;
2.将1.项下的浸膏粉及药用糊精适量,混合,制软材,过14目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,共制成1000g,即得。
实施例2
防治颈椎病的中药硬胶囊(以下简称:项痹通硬胶囊)的制备:
[处方]
[制备工艺]
1.准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、羌活、防风、姜黄、苍术、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入饮片质量2倍量水浸泡30min,加水,回流提取3次,分别为1.5,1,1小时,第一次加水10倍量,第二、三次分别加水 8倍量,合并滤液,低温减压浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)的浸膏,干燥,干浸膏粉碎成细粉,备用;
2.将1.项下的浸膏粉及药用淀粉适量,混合,制软材,过14目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,装入胶囊,共制成1000粒,即得。
实施例3
防治颈椎病的中药片剂(以下简称:项痹通片剂)的制备:
[处方]
[制备工艺]
1.准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、羌活、防风、姜黄、苍术、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入饮片质量2倍量水浸泡30min,加水,回流提取3次,分别为1.5,1,1小时,第一次加水10倍量,第二、三次分别加水8倍量,合并滤液,低温减压浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)的浸膏干燥,干浸膏粉碎成细粉,备用。
2.将(1)项下的浸膏粉及药用淀粉适量,混合,制软材,过14目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,混匀,加入硬脂酸镁10g,混匀,压片,共制成1000片,即得。
实施例4
防治颈椎病的中药汤剂(以下简称:项痹通汤)的制备:
[处方]
[制备工艺]
准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、羌活、防风、姜黄、苍术、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入800ml水,煎煮至约200ml,滤过,复渣 600ml水,煎煮至约200ml,滤过,合并滤液。一天一剂,分2次服用。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比,缺少川穹和姜黄。
[处方]
[制备工艺]
1.准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、威灵仙、羌活、防风、苍术、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入饮片质量2倍量的水浸泡30min,加水,回流提取3次,分别为1.5,1,1小时,第一次加水10倍量,第二、三次分别加水8倍量,合并滤液,低温减压浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)的浸膏,喷雾干燥/真空干燥,粉碎成细粉,备用;
2.将1.项下的浸膏粉及药用糊精适量,混合,制软材,过14目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,共制成1000g,即得。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1相比,缺少羌活、防风和苍术。
[处方]
[制备工艺]
1.准确称量葛根、桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、黄芪、川芎、威灵仙、姜黄、鸡血藤药材饮片,加入饮片质量2倍量的水浸泡30min,加水,回流提取3次,分别为1.5,1,1小时,第一次加水10倍量,第二、三次分别加水8倍量,合并滤液,低温减压浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.30(60℃)的浸膏,喷雾干燥/真空干燥,粉碎成细粉,备用;
2.将1.项下的浸膏粉及药用糊精适量,混合,制软材,过14目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,共制成1000g,即得。
试验一:项痹通颗粒对小鼠的镇痛作用(热板法)
剂量设置:对乙酰氨基酚片的临床成人用量为0.5g/人/日,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠0.07g/kg体重;项痹通颗粒原方生药量为75g/人/天,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠9.75g生药/kg体重。因此,本实验供试品剂量设置如下:高、中、低剂量分别为19.50g/kg、9.75g/kg和4.88g/kg。项痹通颗粒(缺川穹和姜黄)生药量为66g/人/天,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠8.58g生药/kg体重,本实验项痹通颗粒(缺川穹和姜黄)剂量设置为8.58g生药/kg体重。项痹通颗粒(缺羌活、防风和苍术)生药量为57g/人/天,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠7.41g生药/kg体重,本实验项痹通颗粒(缺羌活、防风和苍术)剂量设置为7.41g生药/kg体重。
各样品用蒸馏水溶解稀释到统一灌胃体积。
测定方法:取SPF级C57BL/6小鼠,分别放入已调节水温在55士0.5℃恒热板仪上,小鼠自放在热板上至出现舔后足所需时间(秒)作为小鼠的痛阈值,凡舔后足时间小于5秒或大于30秒或跳跃者弃之不用。
取合格SPF级C57BL/6小鼠70只,雌雄各半,随机留取10只小鼠(雌雄各半)作为对照组,其余60只随机分为6组即对乙酰氨基酚组,项痹通颗粒高、中、低剂量组,项痹通(缺少川穹和姜黄)组、项痹通(缺少羌活、防风和苍术)组,每组10只。次日,测量各组小鼠的正常痛阈值,作为该鼠给药前的痛阈值,各组灌胃给药,对照组给予等量蒸馏水,于给药后30、60、90分钟分别测量各组小鼠痛阈值的变化,比较各组痛阈值的变化的差异性。
统计方法:采用SPSS 22.0对数据进行统计分析。所有数据以均数±标准差表示,组间均值比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05具有显著性差异。
实验结果:结果如图1所示,给药前,各组痛阈 值无明显差异(P>0.05);给药30min后,与对照组相比,对乙酰氨基酚组,项痹通颗粒高、中、低剂量组的痛阈 值显著性延长(P<0.05或P<0.01);给药60min及给药90min,各组间痛阈 值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
实验结论:本发明实施例的项痹通颗粒能延长小鼠对热板所致疼痛的痛阀值,具有良好的镇痛作用,镇痛维持时间在30min左右,镇痛作用优于项痹通(缺少川穹和姜黄)组、项痹通(缺少羌活、防风和苍术)组。
试验二:项痹通颗粒对小鼠的镇痛作用(扭体法)
剂量设置:对乙酰氨基酚片的临床成人用量为0.5g/人/日,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠0.07g/kg体重;项痹通颗粒原方75g,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠9.75g生药/kg体重。因此,本实验供试品剂量设置如下:高中、低、剂量分别为19.50g/kg、9.75g/kg和4.88g/kg。项痹通颗粒(缺川穹和姜黄) 生药量为66g/人/天,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠8.58g生药/kg体重,本实验项痹通颗粒(缺川穹和姜黄)剂量设置为8.58g生药/kg体重。项痹通颗粒(缺羌活、防风和苍术)生药量为57g/ 人/天,按成人70kg体重计算,按体重体表面积转换,折算成动物的等效剂量小鼠7.41g生药/kg体重,本实验项痹通颗粒((缺羌活、防风和苍术))剂量设置为7.41g生药/kg体重。
检测方法:取SPF级C57BL/6小鼠70只,随机分为7组,即正常对照组、对乙酰氨基酚组、项痹通颗粒高、中、低剂量组和项痹通(缺少川穹和姜黄) 组、项痹通(缺少羌活、防风和苍术)组,每组10只。各组每日灌胃给药1次,正常对照组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续3天,末次给药1h后,各鼠腹腔注射0.6%醋酸0.2ml/只,观察15min内小鼠出现的扭体反应(腹部内凹陷、伸展后肢、臀部抬高)的潜伏期时间和扭体的次数。
统计方法:所有计量资料以均数加减标准差表示。多组间均数的比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),组间均数两两比较,方差齐时采用SNK法;方差不齐时采用Dunnett’s T3法。由SPSS22.0软件完成。
实验结果:结果如图2所示,与对照组相比,对乙酰氨基酚组、项痹通颗粒高、中、低剂量组小鼠扭体潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01);与对照组相比,对乙氨基酚组、项痹通颗粒高、中、低剂量组扭体次数显著性降低(P<0.05或P <0.01)。
实验小结:本发明的项痹通颗粒能减短醋酸所致小鼠疼痛的扭体潜伏期及减少小鼠疼痛的扭体次数,具有一定的镇痛作用,镇痛作用优于项痹通(缺少川穹和姜黄)组、项痹通(缺少羌活、防风和苍术)组。
上述两试验可以得出以下结论:本发明项痹通颗粒中药制剂对热板法和扭体法小鼠均具有显著的镇痛试验。
试验三:项痹通汤临床对照研究
研究对象:102例入选病例均为广东省第二中医院针灸康复科门诊治疗的患者。其中男性32例,女性70例;随机分为项痹通组(治疗组)51例、对照组 51例。
样本量估算方法:
根据临床样本含量估算方法,参考根据估计样本含量公式[1]计算:
其中Uα为第一类错误概率U值,α=0.05,Uα=1.960,Uβ为第二类错误概率的U值,β=0.2,Uβ=0.842,p1为试验组有效率,P2为对照组有效率,P为合并有效率,其中n1为试验组例数,n2为对照组例数。根据既往的研究文献[2], P1=97.82%,n1=46;P2=78.26%,n2=46,得出每组最低样本量为n1=n2=43例,考虑最大脱落率为20%,故两组总共纳入人数约102例,每组均应纳入51例。
参考文献:
赖世隆.中西医结合临床科研方法学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
黎雯,蒋淑芳.中药封包疗法联合针灸治疗混合型颈椎病的临床观察[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2018,16(14):110-111.
诊断与纳入标准:
西医诊断标准
全部病例均统一采用国家中医药管理局1995年1月1日发布实施的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》及《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中的中药新药治疗颈椎病临床研究指导原则的颈椎病诊断标准进行观察评定。
诊断依据:(1)病史:多见于中老年人,青壮年人若有损伤史、劳损史、颈部畸形或其他诱因等亦可发病;(2)发病经过及病程:多数为缓慢性发病;若有颈部创伤史或劳损史,也可急性发作,病程较长,时轻时重,可反复发作;(3) 主要症状:颈、肩、背、臂疼痛,头痛,头晕,颈部板硬,上肢麻木;(4)X线片显示:颈椎曲度改变、不稳或骨赘形成,钩锥关节骨质增生,韧带钙化。椎管矢状径狭窄;(5)实验室检查:基本正常。
分型:(1)颈型:主诉头、颈、肩疼痛等异常感觉,并伴有相应的压痛点。应除外非颈椎退行性病变所致颈肩部疼痛,如落枕、肩周炎、风湿性纤维组织炎等。(2)神经根型:具有较典型的神经根性症状(麻木、疼痛),其范围与颈神经支配的区域相一致。应除外非颈椎退行性病变所致的以上肢疼痛为主的疾患,如胸廓出口综合症、网球肘、腕管综合症、肩周炎等。(3)脊髓型:有脊髓受压表现。中央型症状先从上肢开始,周围型症状先从双上肢开始,肢体萎软力弱,行动困难,或有束带感,感觉异常,生理反射亢进,病理反射出现,如霍夫曼氏征或巴宾斯基氏征阳性等。应除外肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、脊髓空洞症、脊髓损伤等。(4)椎动脉型:曾有猝倒发作,并伴有颈性眩晕,旋颈试验阳性。脑血流图、彩色B超等有助于诊断。应除外眼源性、耳源性眩晕。(5)交感神经型:头晕、眼花、耳鸣、手麻、心动过速、心前区疼痛等一系列交感神经症状。 (6)混合型:兼有上述两型以上的症状和体征。
中医诊断标准
证候诊断参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中提及的项痹病符合风寒湿型、气滞血瘀证。结合临床症状拟符合风寒湿型、气滞血瘀证型标准如下:颈、肩、上肢串痛麻木,以痛为主,头有沉重感,颈部僵硬,活动不利,恶寒畏风,或颈肩部、上肢刺痛,痛处固定,伴有肢体麻木。舌淡红或暗,苔薄白,脉弦紧或弦。
纳入标准:
符合以上颈椎病诊断标准;
中医辨证为风寒湿型、气滞血瘀证型患者;
年龄在18-70岁的患者;
意识清楚,能够与医生积极配合,自愿加入本研究,签署知情同意书。
纳入本研究的患者必须同时符合以上3项要求。
排除标准:
不符合上述颈椎病的诊断标准及纳入标准,对本药物成分过敏者;
合并心、脑、肝、肾和造血系统等严重内科疾病;
有脑部或颈部肿瘤、颈椎骨折、重度骨质疏松、颈椎脱位或血液疾病患者;
妊娠和哺乳期的妇女;
精神或心理疾病患者,临床不配合者。
符合上述任意一项,本研究将予排除。
中止、剔除标准
拒绝继续接受治疗者;
自行停止治疗,并不按照治疗方法执行者;
反映出现不良反应以及严重不良事件者。
研究人群随机分组方法
按病例排除标准与纳入标准,把收集到的患者按项痹通组:对照组=1:1 进行分组,采用spss软件依次给102名患者编号,运用软件得出102个随机数,每个编号对应一个随机数字,按照随机数为基准,将排序后的1-51作为项痹通组,52-102为对照组,生成随机数字表。
观察指标与方法
观察指标:全部病例均经体检及X线摄片检查。观察颈项疼痛、颈部压痛、肢体麻木、颈项活动情况,作椎间孔挤压试验及臂丛神经牵拉试验。观察治疗前视觉模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分,及治疗1月后VAS、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分。
观察方法:由研究者分别于治疗前、治疗15天后采集临床资料,如出现不良反应随时记录。详细记录病人的一般情况(姓名、性别、年龄、住址、联系方式、病史)、相关实验室检查和影像学检查等临床资料。
中医证候的变化:计算中医证候积分。
安全性指标观察:试验过程中,受试者可能会出现恶心、呕吐、胃痛等消化系统不良反应。医生应根据不良反应的轻重程度采取对应的措施,并真实详细地记录下不良反应的种类,发生的次数及轻重程度。对于不能继续接受治疗的患者,应中断实验。
中医证候疗效判定标准
症状分级与计算
症状参考《中药新药临床研究指导原则》制定的颈椎病症状分级量化表进行分级执行。主症、次症均按无症状、轻度、中度、重度分级,分别记为0分, 2分,4分,6分和0分,1分,2分,3分。
中医证候疗效判定标准
治疗方法
治疗组口服实施例4制备所得项痹通汤剂,每日1剂,水煎液早晚分服,每次200ml,15天为1个疗程;对照组口服布洛芬缓释胶囊(中美天津史克制药有限公司生产),规格:0.3g,用法:口服,每次0.3g,一日两次,15天为1 个疗程。
统计方法:
所有统计检验均采用双侧检验,检验水准均为α=0.05,采 用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行数据处理,采用t检验、秩和检验及χ2检验。
试验结果
a治疗前后视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)积分评分比较
经配对秩和检验,同治疗前比较,项痹通组(治疗组)患者治疗后VAS积分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.184,P=0.000<0.01),对照组患者治疗后VAS积分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.085,P=0.000<0.01),说明项痹通组(治疗组)和对照组两组患者在治疗结束后VAS积分较治疗前均有明显改善。
b治疗前后颈椎障碍功能指数(NDI)评分比较
经配对秩和检验,同治疗前比较,项痹通组患者(治疗组)治疗后NDI评分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.218,P=0.000<0.01),对照组患者治疗后NDI评分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.218,P=0.000<0.01),说明项痹通组(治疗组)和对照组两组患者在治疗结束后NDI评分较治疗前均有明显改善。
c治疗前后中医疗效观察比较
项痹通组(治疗组)在治疗后中医证候积分不符合正态分布(Shapiro-Wilk=0.949,P=0.028<0.05),对照组治疗后中医证候积分符合正态分布 (Shapiro-Wilk=0.976,P=0.384>0.05),故选用两独立样本秩和检验检验进行比较,两组患者在治疗后中医证候积分比较有显著性差异(Mann-Whitney U=706.5,P=0.000<0.01),说明项痹通组改善中医症候方面优于对照组。经配对秩和检验,同治疗前比较,项痹通组患者(治疗组)治疗后中医证候积分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.218,P=0.000<0.01),对照组患者治疗后中医证候积分比较有显著性差异(wilconxon Z=-6.218,P=0.000<0.01),说明项痹通组(治疗组)和对照组两组患者在治疗结束后中医证候积分较治疗前均有明显改善。治疗结束后,项痹通组(治疗组)的总有效率96.08%,其中6例临床治愈(11.77%),14例显效(27.45%),29例有效(56.86%),2例无效(3.92%);而对照组的总有效率84.31%,其中3例临床治愈(5.88%),12例显效(23.53%),28 例有效(54.90%),8例无效(15.69%);经非参数检验,两组临床疗效构成比比较无显著性差异(Mann-Whitney U=1070.000,P=0.086>0.05),表明两组临床疗效相当;两组总有效率经Fisherχ2检验,表明两组总有效率无显著性差异(P=0.092 >0.05),说明两组总有效率相当。
d两组安全性指标对比
两组患者在治疗观察期间,各项检查及检验均在安全范畴内,未见异常,也未见特殊异常不适。治疗后随访中,也没有发现明显后遗症。
本临床研究证实项痹通制剂可十分显著地改善颈椎病患者的临床症状,且治疗组中医症候积分改善明显优于对照组,治疗组总有效率96.08%,对照组总有效率84.31%,证明临床实践中,使用本发明项痹通制剂,能够明显地改善颈椎病患者的临床症状,疗效显著且确切。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (11)
1.一种防治颈椎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,其活性成分由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根 60~120份、桂枝 60~120份、白芍 40~120份、炙甘草 20~120份、黄芪 60~120份、川芎 40~120份、威灵仙 20~120份、羌活 30~ 70份、防风 30~70份、姜黄 20~60份、苍术 30~70份和鸡血藤 40~120份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其活性成分由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根 80~110份、桂枝 80~110份、白芍 50~110份、炙甘草 25~110份、黄芪 80~110份、川芎 50~110份、威灵仙 25~110份、羌活 40~ 70份、防风 40~ 70份、姜黄 25~60份、苍术 40~ 70份和鸡血藤 50~110份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其活性成分由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根 100±5份、桂枝 100±5份、白芍 60±5份、炙甘草 30±5份、黄芪 100±5份、川芎60±5份、威灵仙 30±5份、羌活 60±5份、防风 60±5份、姜黄 30±5份、苍术 60±5份和鸡血藤60±5份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其活性成分由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
葛根 100、桂枝 100份、白芍 60份、炙甘草 30份、黄芪 100份、川芎60份、威灵仙 30份、羌活 60份、防风 60份、姜黄 30份、苍术 60份和鸡血藤60份。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的中药组合物在制备防治颈椎病的药物中的应用。
6.权利要求1~4任一项所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:按配比称取权利要求1~4任一项所述的原料,加提取溶剂提取。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述提取溶剂为水、乙醇或乙醇水溶液;和/或,所述提取的方式为加热回流提取或煎煮。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热回流提取的次数为1~3次,每次加热回流提取的时间为0.5~1.5h。
9.一种防治颈椎病的中药制剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1~4任一项所述的中药组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料组成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂为口服制剂,所述中药制剂的剂型为片剂、胶囊剂、口服液剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂或混悬剂。
11.权利要求9或10所述的防治颈椎病的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂为颗粒剂,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取权利要求1~4任一项所述的中药组合物,干燥,粉碎,得药粉;
(2)将步骤(1)所得药粉与所述辅料混合制软材,再干燥,整粒。
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综合疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病120例;邹祥发等;《实用中医药杂志》;20061031;第22卷(第10期);第619页,尤其是左栏第3段、右栏第2段 * |
自拟葛桂芍甘汤治疗风湿痹阻型颈椎病50例小结;乔宦琏;《中医正骨》;19951231(第2期);第7页,尤其是左栏倒数第1-2段、右栏倒数第1-2段 * |
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