CN117223802A - Phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117223802A CN117223802A CN202311386538.6A CN202311386538A CN117223802A CN 117223802 A CN117223802 A CN 117223802A CN 202311386538 A CN202311386538 A CN 202311386538A CN 117223802 A CN117223802 A CN 117223802A
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- parts
- mandarin fish
- feed
- phagostimulant
- vitamin
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed and a preparation method thereof. A feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of pig liver extract, 57 parts of euphausia superba powder, 10-15 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.22.8 parts of red cabbage ferment, 1-3 parts of compound vitamin, 36 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 0.81.2 parts of betaine, 5-8 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.05-0.2 part of antioxidant. The feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed provided by the application can effectively promote mandarin fish feeding, enhance immunity, improve disease resistance and survival rate, improve feed efficiency, promote growth, reduce feed coefficient and save cultivation cost through reasonable component proportion and mutual synergistic effect.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mandarin fish is a rare fish belonging to weever subgenera, commonly called Osmanthus fragrans, siniperca chuatsi, and Quaternary fish. The mandarin fish has the characteristics of high growth speed, high nutritive value and the like, is popular with consumers, becomes a main culture variety in Chinese-named and excellent aquaculture, and has the situation that market consumer demands are in short supply and demand and the market price is continuously increased.
A large number of researches prove that after mandarin fish is domesticated, the problem of palatability of the artificial compound feed is solved by researching and developing the phagostimulant for the artificial compound feed, but the phagostimulant commonly used in the aquatic feed industry at present has the advantages mainly through vision and smell, but the single or simple compound is difficult to improve digestion and absorption of the feed, and the effect is single.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of pig liver extract, 5-7 parts of euphausia superba powder, 10-15 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.2-2.8 parts of red cabbage ferment, 1-3 parts of compound vitamin, 3-6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 0.8-1.2 parts of betaine, 5-8 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.05-0.2 part of antioxidant.
By adopting the technical scheme, the pig liver extract is prepared from the following raw materials: is rich in nutrient substances such as amino acids, vitamins and minerals, has food calling effect, and can increase ingestion of mandarin fish. Antarctic krill powder: is rich in high-quality protein and essential amino acids, and can stimulate and promote fish growth and improve bait efficiency. Cuttlefish viscera powder: is rich in protein and fat, can provide polyunsaturated fatty acid and other important nutrients, and promote the growth and development of mandarin fish. Red cabbage ferment: by fermenting red cabbage, the solubility and bioconversion of vegetable proteins can be increased, making them easier to be absorbed by animals. In addition, the mandarin fish feed also contains various beneficial components, and can promote mineral absorption, enhance immunity and promote mandarin fish growth. Compound vitamins: provides multiple vitamins and meets the requirements of mandarin fish on growth and immunity improvement. Chinese herbal medicine mixture: contains various Chinese herbal medicine components with health care function, and can enhance the immunity of mandarin fish. Betaine: has effects in regulating fish immunity, stimulating appetite, and promoting growth. Furfuryl isopropyl sulfide: through the synergistic effect with cuttlefish viscera powder, bad smell in the feed is improved, palatability of the feed is improved, and mandarin fish ingestion is promoted. In addition, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide can decompose protein and fat in gastrointestinal tract to provide polyunsaturated fatty acid for mandarin fish, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the antarctic krill powder cooperate to promote fish growth. Antioxidant: plays a role in protecting the nutritional ingredients in the feed from oxidative damage. Through the functions and synergistic effect of the components, the feeding promoting agent can effectively promote mandarin fish to eat, improve immunity and disease resistance of mandarin fish, increase feed efficiency, promote mandarin fish to grow, reduce feed coefficient, reduce cultivation cost and improve survival rate of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cuttlefish viscera powder comprises the following steps:
s21, homogenizing fresh cuttlefish viscera, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:2-3 to obtain cuttlefish viscera liquid;
s22, steaming and fermenting the obtained cuttlefish viscera liquid in a steaming and boiling machine, wherein the steaming and boiling temperature in the steaming and boiling machine is controlled to be 95-105 ℃, and the steaming and boiling time is controlled to be 50-60min, so as to obtain cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s23, sending the obtained cuttlefish viscera slurry into an oil-water separator, and removing an oil layer in the cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s24, uniformly mixing and stirring the cuttlefish viscera slurry with the oil and fat layers removed in the step S23 and fermented soybean meal to obtain a cuttlefish viscera mixture;
s25, drying the obtained cuttlefish viscera mixture, controlling the drying temperature at 80-100 ℃ and the drying time at 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cuttlefish viscera powder.
Preferably, in step S24, the mass ratio of the squid viscera paste to the fermented soybean meal is 8:2-4.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation of the cuttlefish viscera powder is improved through the preparation steps, the stability of the cuttlefish viscera powder is improved while the nutrition components of the cuttlefish viscera powder are maintained, the palatability of the feed is improved, and the appetite of mandarin fish is promoted. The cuttlefish viscera powder is an important component of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed. It has the following actions and synergies: the synergistic effect of the cuttlefish viscera powder and the pork liver extract has remarkable food calling effect on mandarin fish. The rich amino acids and proteins in the cuttlefish viscera powder can stimulate appetite of fish and increase food intake of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the preparation method of the pig liver extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh pig liver, homogenizing, adding purified water 2 times of the volume of the pig liver slurry, soaking, extracting, centrifuging to obtain feed liquid and feed residues, filtering the feed liquid by an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain concentrated solution, uniformly mixing the concentrated solution and the feed residues, drying at 70 ℃ for 5-8 hours, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the pig liver extract.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation of the pig liver extract is improved by the preparation method, and the nutritional ingredients in the pig liver extract are reserved, so that the pig liver extract can better meet the nutritional requirements of mandarin fish, and meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is improved, and the appetite of the mandarin fish is promoted. The synergistic effect of the pig liver extract and the cuttlefish viscera powder has remarkable food calling effect on mandarin fish. The components in the pig liver extract can stimulate appetite of fish and increase food intake of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the preparation method of the red cabbage ferment comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, mixing 25 parts of red cabbage with 100 parts of water uniformly, leaching for 40min at 75 ℃, then adding 2.5 parts of lactose, mixing uniformly, cooling to 32 ℃, and inoculating 2 parts of lactose
Fermenting beer yeast strain liquid microsphere at constant temperature for 4 days to obtain red cabbage fermented product.
By adopting the technical scheme, the red cabbage fermentation product takes red cabbage as a fermentation raw material, has high safety, improves the solubility and the bioconversion rate of vegetable proteins, can be directly absorbed by animals, also contains various beneficial components, promotes mineral absorption, enhances immunity, promotes mandarin fish growth, reduces the use amount of medicines such as vaccines and antibiotics, and improves the survival rate of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the antioxidant is a composition of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline according to the mass ratio of 5:1-3:1-3.
By adopting the technical scheme, the antioxidant component comprises vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline, and the actions and the cooperation actions of the antioxidant component can be summarized as follows: vitamin E: as a powerful antioxidant, the mandarin fish can protect cells in mandarin fish from oxidative damage and improve mandarin fish immunity. The vitamin E can promote the growth and development of mandarin fish, and is helpful for maintaining fish health. Nanoscale tea polyphenol particles: the tea polyphenol has strong antioxidant activity, can neutralize free radicals, and reduces the adverse effect of oxidative stress on mandarin fish. The nano-level tea polyphenol particles have better solubility and stability, and the antioxidation effect is enhanced. Ethoxyquinoline: also an antioxidant, has the ability to block free radical chain reactions, and can protect cells from oxidative damage. Ethoxyquinoline also has antibacterial, antiinflammatory and immunity enhancing effects, and can be used for improving resistance and survival rate of mandarin fish. The combination of the three antioxidants in proportion can synergistically act to enhance the antioxidation effect. Vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline respectively have different antioxidation capacities and functions, and the combined action can provide more comprehensive antioxidation protection, reduce cell damage caused by oxidization and enhance the immunity and growth capacity of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine mixture comprises 5-7 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2-5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 2-4 parts of radix scutellariae, 2-3 parts of radix scrophulariae, 1-3 parts of dandelion, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle, 0.5-1.5 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 0.5-1 part of liquorice, 0.02-0.25 part of rheum officinale and 0.01-0.05 part of dark plum.
By adopting the technical scheme, astragalus root: has immunity enhancing effect, and can improve disease resistance and immunity of mandarin fish. White atractylodes rhizome: has digestion promoting and appetite stimulating effects, and can enhance the absorption and utilization of mandarin fish to feed, and promote growth. Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis: has antiinflammatory and antibacterial effects, and can be used for improving pathogen resistance of mandarin fish and reducing disease occurrence. Radix scrophulariae: has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, and can relieve oxidative stress of mandarin fish and enhance immunity of mandarin fish. Dandelion: has effects in promoting gastrointestinal health, and improving digestion, absorption and intestinal function of mandarin fish. Honeysuckle flower: has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, and can improve immunity and disease resistance of mandarin fish. Rhizoma anemarrhenae: has effects of clearing heat, detoxicating and resisting bacteria, and can reduce infection risk of mandarin fish and enhance disease resistance. Licorice root: has effects of regulating gastrointestinal function and stimulating appetite, and can be used for improving feed intake of mandarin fish. Rhubarb: has effects of relaxing bowels and removing toxic substances, and can maintain gastrointestinal health of mandarin fish. Dark plum: has effects of loosening bowel to relieve constipation and tonifying, and can be used for improving digestion and absorption of mandarin fish. The combination of the Chinese herbal medicine components in proportion can synergistically act to mutually enhance the respective functions, enhance the food calling effect and promote mandarin fish to eat. In addition, various beneficial components in the Chinese herbal medicine mixture can cooperate to promote digestion, absorption and metabolism of mandarin fish, enhance immunity and reduce disease occurrence, thereby improving the growth capacity and survival rate of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the compound vitamin is a composition of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin P, folic acid and inositol according to the mass ratio of 3:4:3:1:3:2:0.5:15.
By adopting the technical scheme, vitamin A: has effects in promoting eye and skin health, and enhancing immunity and vision of mandarin fish. Vitamin C: has antioxidant effect, and can relieve oxidative stress of mandarin fish and enhance immunity of mandarin fish. Can also promote the gastrointestinal tract of mandarin fish to absorb iron element. Vitamin D: is beneficial to bone health of mandarin fish, can promote the absorption and utilization of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and the like by mandarin fish, and enhance the growth capacity of mandarin fish. Vitamins B6 and B2: the mandarin fish can participate in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate in mandarin fish, can provide energy and nutrients, and promote mandarin fish growth. Vitamin P: is helpful for enhancing the vascular elasticity and stability of mandarin fish, promoting the blood circulation of mandarin fish, and enhancing immunity. Folic acid: is critical to the normal growth and development of mandarin fish, can provide nutrients and promote the metabolism and cell proliferation of mandarin fish. Inositol: has antioxidant and anti-stress effects, and can relieve oxidative stress of mandarin fish and enhance disease resistance of mandarin fish. The combination of the vitamin components in proportion can cooperate to play a role in strengthening each other so as to promote the healthy growth and the immune function of the mandarin fish. The mandarin fish feed can provide various nutrients and vitamins for mandarin fish, promote the normal growth and development of mandarin fish, and strengthen the disease resistance and survival rate of mandarin fish.
Preferably, the euphausia superba powder is euphausia superba powder of non-dephosphorized shrimp oil.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed, which adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed adopts the raw materials of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed, and comprises the following steps: s101, placing the Chinese herbal medicine composition into a high-pressure decoction device according to the parts by weight, adding purified water with the volume which is 6 times that of the Chinese herbal medicine composition, performing primary decoction for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain primary filter residues and primary filtrate; adding purified water with the volume 4 times of that of the primary filter residue into a high-pressure decoction device for secondary decoction for 50min, and filtering to obtain secondary filtrate; combining the secondary filtrates to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s102, adding a pig liver extract, euphausia superba powder, cuttlefish viscera powder, red cabbage ferment, compound vitamin, betaine, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and an antioxidant into an ultrafine grinder according to parts by weight, grinding, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103, mixing and stirring the mixture A and the Chinese herbal medicine extract for 30min, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 200Pa to obtain the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed.
In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the application are as follows:
1. promoting mandarin fish to eat: furfuryl isopropyl sulfide can cooperate with cuttlefish viscera powder to improve bad smell in feed raw materials, improve palatability of feed, induce fish to ingest feed, and thereby increase fish ingestion.
2. Enhancing the immunity of mandarin fish: the vitamin C, vitamin P and inositol in the compound vitamin have the antioxidation effect, so that the oxidative stress of the mandarin fish is reduced, and the immune function of the mandarin fish is enhanced.
3. Improving disease resistance and survival rate of mandarin fish: the synergistic effect of the cuttlefish viscera powder and the pig liver extract has remarkable feeding attraction effect, and meanwhile, the cuttlefish viscera powder and the pig liver extract have high protein content, so that the cuttlefish viscera powder and the pig liver extract can be used for replacing fish meal in feed, providing rich nutrients and enhancing the disease resistance and survival rate of mandarin fish.
4. Increase feed efficiency and promote growth: the red cabbage fermentation product can be directly absorbed, so that the solubility and the bioconversion rate of the vegetable protein can be improved, and the growth of the mandarin fish can be promoted; furfuryl isopropyl sulfide can decompose protein and fat, and provide and supplement polyunsaturated fatty acid required by mandarin fish growth.
5. The feed coefficient is reduced, and the cultivation cost is saved: vitamins B6 and B2 in the compound vitamin can provide energy and nutrient substances, promote metabolism and growth of mandarin fish, improve feed utilization rate, reduce feed coefficient and save feed cost.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
A feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of pig liver extract, 7 parts of euphausia superba powder, 15 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.8 parts of red cabbage ferment, 3 parts of compound vitamin, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 1.2 parts of betaine, 8 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.2 part of antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is a composition of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles, ethoxyquinoline according to a mass ratio of 5:3:3, the compound vitamin is a composition of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin P, folic acid and inositol according to a mass ratio of 3:4:3:1:3:2:0.5:15, the euphausia superba powder is euphausia superba powder of undelivered shrimp oil, and the Chinese herbal medicine mixture comprises 7 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 4 parts of radix scutellariae, 3 parts of radix scrophulariae, 3 parts of dandelion, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 1.5 parts of liquorice, 0.25 parts of rheum officinale and 0.05 parts of dark plum.
The preparation method of the cuttlefish viscera powder comprises the following steps:
s21, homogenizing fresh cuttlefish viscera, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain cuttlefish viscera liquid;
s22, steaming and fermenting the obtained cuttlefish viscera liquid in a steaming and boiling machine, wherein the steaming and boiling temperature in the steaming and boiling machine is controlled to be 105 ℃, and the steaming and boiling time is controlled to be 60 minutes, so as to obtain cuttlefish viscera paste;
s23, sending the obtained cuttlefish viscera slurry into an oil-water separator, and removing an oil layer in the cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s24, uniformly mixing 8 parts of cuttlefish viscera slurry with the grease layer removed in the step S23 and 4 parts of fermented soybean meal to obtain a cuttlefish viscera mixture;
s25, drying the obtained cuttlefish viscera mixture, controlling the drying temperature at 100 ℃ and the drying time at 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cuttlefish viscera powder.
The preparation method of the pig liver extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh pig liver, homogenizing, adding purified water with volume 2 times of that of the pig liver slurry, soaking, extracting, centrifuging to obtain feed liquid and residue, filtering the feed liquid with an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain concentrated solution, uniformly mixing the concentrated solution and the residue, drying at 70 ℃ for 8 hours, pulverizing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the pig liver extract.
The preparation method of the red cabbage fermented product comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, mixing 25 parts of red cabbage with 100 parts of water uniformly, leaching for 40min at 75 ℃, adding 2.5 parts of lactose, mixing uniformly, cooling to 32 ℃, inoculating 2 parts of beer yeast strain liquid microspheres, and fermenting for 4 days at constant temperature to obtain red cabbage fermentation product.
The preparation method of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed adopts the raw materials of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed, and comprises the following steps:
s101, placing the Chinese herbal medicine composition into a high-pressure decoction device according to the parts by weight, adding purified water with the volume which is 6 times that of the Chinese herbal medicine composition, performing primary decoction for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain primary filter residues and primary filtrate; adding purified water with the volume 4 times of that of the primary filter residue into a high-pressure decoction device for secondary decoction for 50min, and filtering to obtain secondary filtrate; combining the secondary filtrates to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s102, adding a pig liver extract, euphausia superba powder, cuttlefish viscera powder, red cabbage ferment, compound vitamin, betaine, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and an antioxidant into an ultrafine grinder according to parts by weight, grinding, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103, mixing and stirring the mixture A and the Chinese herbal medicine extract for 30min, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 200Pa to obtain the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed.
Example 2
A feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of pig liver extract, 5 parts of euphausia superba powder, 10 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.2 parts of red cabbage ferment, 1 part of compound vitamin, 3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 0.8 part of betaine, 5 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.05 part of antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is a composition of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline according to the mass ratio of 5:1, the compound vitamin is a composition of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin P, folic acid and inositol according to the mass ratio of 3:4:3:1:3:2:0.5:15, the euphausia superba powder is the euphausia superba powder of undetaking part in dephosphorization shrimp oil, and the Chinese herbal medicine mixture comprises 5 parts of white atractylodes rhizome, 2 parts of radix scutellariae, 2 parts of radix scrophulariae, 1 part of dandelion, 1 part of honeysuckle, 0.5 parts of liquorice, 0.02 part of dark plum and 0.01 part of astragalus mongholicus.
The preparation method of the cuttlefish viscera powder comprises the following steps:
s21, homogenizing fresh cuttlefish viscera, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain cuttlefish viscera liquid;
s22, steaming and fermenting the obtained cuttlefish viscera liquid in a steaming and boiling machine, wherein the steaming and boiling temperature in the steaming and boiling machine is controlled to be 95 ℃, and the steaming and boiling time is controlled to be 50 minutes, so that cuttlefish viscera paste is obtained;
s23, sending the obtained cuttlefish viscera slurry into an oil-water separator, and removing an oil layer in the cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s24, uniformly mixing 8 parts of cuttlefish viscera slurry with the grease layer removed in the step S23 and 2 parts of fermented soybean meal to obtain a cuttlefish viscera mixture;
s25, drying the obtained cuttlefish viscera mixture, controlling the drying temperature at 80 ℃ and the drying time at 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cuttlefish viscera powder.
The preparation method of the pig liver extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh pig liver, homogenizing, adding purified water with volume 2 times of that of the pig liver slurry, soaking, extracting, centrifuging to obtain feed liquid and residue, filtering the feed liquid with an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain concentrated solution, uniformly mixing the concentrated solution and the residue, drying at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, pulverizing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the pig liver extract.
The preparation method of the red cabbage fermented product comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, mixing 25 parts of red cabbage with 100 parts of water uniformly, leaching for 40min at 75 ℃, adding 2.5 parts of lactose, mixing uniformly, cooling to 32 ℃, inoculating 2 parts of beer yeast strain liquid microspheres, and fermenting for 4 days at constant temperature to obtain red cabbage fermentation product.
The preparation method of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed adopts the raw materials of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed, and comprises the following steps:
s101, placing the Chinese herbal medicine composition into a high-pressure decoction device according to the parts by weight, adding purified water with the volume which is 6 times that of the Chinese herbal medicine composition, performing primary decoction for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain primary filter residues and primary filtrate; adding purified water with the volume 4 times of that of the primary filter residue into a high-pressure decoction device for secondary decoction for 50min, and filtering to obtain secondary filtrate; combining the secondary filtrates to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s102, adding a pig liver extract, euphausia superba powder, cuttlefish viscera powder, red cabbage ferment, compound vitamin, betaine, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and an antioxidant into an ultrafine grinder according to parts by weight, grinding, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103, mixing and stirring the mixture A and the Chinese herbal medicine extract for 30min, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 200Pa to obtain the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed.
Example 3
A feeding attractant for mandarin fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of pig liver extract, 6 parts of euphausia superba powder, 13 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.5 parts of red cabbage ferment, 2 parts of compound vitamin, 4 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 1 part of betaine, 7 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.1 part of antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is a composition of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles, ethoxyquinoline according to a mass ratio of 5:2:2, the compound vitamin is a composition of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin P, folic acid and inositol according to a mass ratio of 3:4:3:1:2:0.5:15, the euphausia superba powder is euphausia superba powder of undetaking dephosphorized shrimp oil, and the Chinese herbal medicine mixture comprises 6 parts of euphausia superba, 3 parts of white atractylodes rhizome, 3 parts of radix scutellariae, 2.5 parts of radix scrophulariae, 2 parts of dandelion, 1.5 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of licorice, 0.8 parts of dark plum, 0.1 part of rheum officinale and 0.03 part of astragalus mongholicus.
The preparation method of the cuttlefish viscera powder comprises the following steps:
s21, homogenizing fresh cuttlefish viscera, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:2.5 to obtain cuttlefish viscera liquid;
s22, steaming and fermenting the obtained cuttlefish viscera liquid in a steaming and boiling machine, wherein the steaming and boiling temperature in the steaming and boiling machine is controlled to be 100 ℃, and the steaming and boiling time is controlled to be 55 minutes, so as to obtain cuttlefish viscera paste;
s23, sending the obtained cuttlefish viscera slurry into an oil-water separator, and removing an oil layer in the cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s24, uniformly mixing 8 parts of cuttlefish viscera slurry with the grease layer removed in the step S23 and 3 parts of fermented soybean meal to obtain a cuttlefish viscera mixture;
s25, drying the obtained cuttlefish viscera mixture, controlling the drying temperature at 90 ℃ and the drying time at 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cuttlefish viscera powder.
The preparation method of the pig liver extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh pig liver, homogenizing, adding purified water 2 times of the volume of the pig liver slurry, soaking, extracting, centrifugally separating to obtain feed liquid and feed residues, filtering the feed liquid by an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain concentrated solution, uniformly mixing the concentrated solution and the feed residues, drying at 70 ℃ for 7 hours, crushing, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the pig liver extract.
The preparation method of the red cabbage fermented product comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, mixing 25 parts of red cabbage with 100 parts of water uniformly, leaching for 40min at 75 ℃, adding 2.5 parts of lactose, mixing uniformly, cooling to 32 ℃, inoculating 2 parts of beer yeast strain liquid microspheres, and fermenting for 4 days at constant temperature to obtain red cabbage fermentation product.
The preparation method of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed adopts the raw materials of the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed, and comprises the following steps:
s101, placing the Chinese herbal medicine composition into a high-pressure decoction device according to the parts by weight, adding purified water with the volume which is 6 times that of the Chinese herbal medicine composition, performing primary decoction for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain primary filter residues and primary filtrate; adding purified water with the volume 4 times of that of the primary filter residue into a high-pressure decoction device for secondary decoction for 50min, and filtering to obtain secondary filtrate; combining the secondary filtrates to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s102, adding a pig liver extract, euphausia superba powder, cuttlefish viscera powder, red cabbage ferment, compound vitamin, betaine, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and an antioxidant into an ultrafine grinder according to parts by weight, grinding, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103, mixing and stirring the mixture A and the Chinese herbal medicine extract for 30min, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 200Pa to obtain the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 3, except that the same amount of euphausia superba powder was used instead of the viscera powder of cuttlefish prepared in the present application.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 3, except that the equivalent amount of cuttlefish viscera powder was used instead of the pig liver extract prepared in the present application.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 3, except that the same amount of the pork liver extract was used instead of the squid viscera powder.
Comparative example 4
The same as in example 3, except that the antioxidant is vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles, and ethoxyquinoline in a mass ratio of 5:2:2 were replaced with an equivalent amount of nanoscale tea polyphenol particles.
Comparative example 5
The same as in example 3, except that the antioxidant is vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles, and ethoxyquinoline in a mass ratio of 5:2:2 were replaced with an equal amount of ethoxyquinoline.
Comparative example 6
The same as in example 3, except that vitamin E was used in place of the antioxidant in an equivalent amount of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles, ethoxyquinoline in a 5:2:2 mass ratio.
The performance test method comprises the following steps: the feeding attractants for mandarin fish feeds obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 were added to basal feeds (the basal feeds comprise 60g of corn, 22g of rye bran, 10g of flowers, 25g of rapeseed meal, 8g of midge larva meal, 10g of small crucian powder, 10g of loach dry powder, 8g of houttuynia cordata, 12g of white strip fish meal, 8g of river snail powder, 8g of dried water moss powder, 5g of meat bone meal, 8g of radish leaves, 1g of rheum officinale, 1g of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 2g of gentian and 1g of salt) respectively, and the feeding agents for mandarin fish feeds were added in an amount of 5% of the weight of the basal feeds to obtain 9 groups of test feeds examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 respectively, and the same batch of mandarin fish seedlings in the same year were selected and were temporarily cultured in an indoor circulating water culture system for 2 weeks, so that the basal feeds were fed with full feeding, and the feeds were gradually adapted to basal feeds and culture environments. At the beginning of the experiment, mandarin fish (50.35+/-2.7 g) with strong physique and consistent specification is selected and randomly grouped, and is put into 10 glass fiber barrels (water volume: 1000L) of an indoor circulating water culture system, the stocking density is 100 tails/barrel, 10 barrels of fish are respectively fed with test feed examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-6 and basic feed (non-added group), and fed with the feed for 2 times per day (08:00 am and 18:00 pm). The test water is aerated tap water, the daily water exchange amount of each glass fiber barrel is 1/5 of the total water volume, the water temperature is 24-29 ℃, ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, Y nitrite is less than 0.3mg/L, dissolved oxygen is more than 6.2mg/L, pH is 6.8-7.6, the feces and residual bait at the bottom of the barrel are sucked by a siphon tube 1h before each feeding, and the test period is 8 weeks. The results were averaged and are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of the feeding promoting agents for mandarin fish feed prepared in examples 1-3 to the feed significantly improved survival rate, feeding rate and weight gain rate of mandarin fish, and reduced feed coefficient, compared with the absence of the feeding promoting agent.
From Table 1, it is clear that the comparative analysis of the effect of the feeding attractant for mandarin fish obtained in example 3 and comparative examples 1-3 on mandarin fish shows that the synergistic effect between the pork liver extract and the viscera powder of cuttlefish can be achieved, and the feeding attractant for mandarin fish has remarkable feeding attraction. The rich amino acid and protein components in the cuttlefish viscera powder can stimulate fish appetite, increase the food intake of mandarin fish, and the components in the pork liver extract can stimulate fish appetite and increase the food intake of mandarin fish.
From Table 1, it is clear that, in comparison analysis of the effect of the feeding attractant for mandarin fish obtained in example 3 and comparative examples 4-6 on mandarin fish, the composition of the antioxidant vitamin E, nano-level tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline according to the mass ratio of 5:2:2 is added into the compound feed, and the synergistic effect of the antioxidant vitamin E, nano-level tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline is utilized to mutually enhance the healthy growth and the immune function of mandarin fish. The mandarin fish feed can provide various nutrients and vitamins for mandarin fish, promote the normal growth and development of mandarin fish, and strengthen the disease resistance and survival rate of mandarin fish.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the above embodiments specifically illustrate the present application, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modifications and equivalents are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of pig liver extract, 57 parts of euphausia superba powder, 10-15 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 2.22.8 parts of red cabbage ferment, 1-3 parts of compound vitamin, 36 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 0.81.2 parts of betaine, 5-8 parts of furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and 0.05-0.2 part of antioxidant.
2. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the cuttlefish viscera powder comprises the following steps:
s21, homogenizing fresh cuttlefish viscera, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:2-3 to obtain cuttlefish viscera liquid;
s22, steaming and fermenting the obtained cuttlefish viscera liquid, wherein the steaming and boiling temperature is controlled to be 95-105 ℃, and the steaming and boiling time is controlled to be 50-60min, so as to obtain cuttlefish viscera pulp;
s23, sending the obtained cuttlefish viscera slurry into an oil-water separator, and removing an oil layer in the cuttlefish viscera slurry;
s24, uniformly mixing and stirring the cuttlefish viscera slurry with the oil and fat layers removed in the step S23 and fermented soybean meal to obtain a cuttlefish viscera mixture;
s25, drying the obtained cuttlefish viscera mixture, controlling the drying temperature at 80-100 ℃ and the drying time at 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cuttlefish viscera powder.
3. The feeding attractant for mandarin fish according to claim 2, wherein in step S24, the mass ratio of the cuttlefish viscera paste to the fermented soybean meal is 8:2-4.
4. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the pork liver extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh pig liver, homogenizing, adding purified water 2 times of the volume of the pig liver slurry, soaking, extracting, centrifuging to obtain feed liquid and feed residues, filtering the feed liquid by an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain concentrated solution, uniformly mixing the concentrated solution and the feed residues, drying at 70 ℃ for 5-8 hours, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the pig liver extract.
5. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the red cabbage ferment is prepared by the following steps: according to the parts by weight, mixing 25 parts of red cabbage with 100 parts of water uniformly, leaching for 40min at 75 ℃, adding 2.5 parts of lactose, mixing uniformly, cooling to 32 ℃, inoculating 2 parts of beer yeast strain liquid microspheres, and fermenting for 4 days at constant temperature to obtain red cabbage fermentation product.
6. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is a composition of vitamin E, nanoscale tea polyphenol particles and ethoxyquinoline in a mass ratio of 5:1-3:1-3.
7. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine mixture comprises 5-7 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 2-5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 2-4 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 2-3 parts of radix scrophulariae, 1-3 parts of dandelion, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle, 0.5-1.5 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 0.5-1 part of liquorice, 0.02-0.25 part of rheum officinale and 0.01-0.05 part of dark plum.
8. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the complex vitamins are a composition of vitamin a, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin P, folic acid and inositol in a mass ratio of 3:4:3:1:3:2:0.5:15.
9. The phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed of claim 1, wherein the antarctic krill meal is antarctic krill meal of non-dephosphorized shrimp oil.
10. A method for preparing a phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed, which is characterized by adopting the raw materials of the phagostimulant for mandarin fish feed according to any one of claims 1-9, and comprising the following steps:
s101, placing the Chinese herbal medicine composition into a high-pressure decoction device according to the parts by weight, adding purified water with the volume which is 6 times that of the Chinese herbal medicine composition, performing primary decoction for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain primary filter residues and primary filtrate; adding purified water with the volume 4 times of that of the primary filter residue into a high-pressure decoction device for secondary decoction for 50min, and filtering to obtain secondary filtrate; combining the secondary filtrates to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s102, adding a pig liver extract, euphausia superba powder, cuttlefish viscera powder, red cabbage ferment, compound vitamin, betaine, furfuryl isopropyl sulfide and an antioxidant into an ultrafine grinder according to parts by weight, grinding, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103, mixing and stirring the mixture A and the Chinese herbal medicine extract for 30min, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 200Pa to obtain the phagostimulant for the mandarin fish feed.
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